风升生(味之薄者,阴中之阳,味薄则通,酸苦咸平是也)
防风(纯阳,性温,味甘辛)。
升麻(气平,味微苦)
柴胡(气平,味苦辛)
羌活(气微温,味苦甘平)
威灵仙(气温,味苦)
葛根(气平,味甘)
独活(气微温,味苦甘平)
细辛(气温,味大辛)
桔梗(气微温,味甘辛)
白芷(气温,味大辛)
本(气温,味大辛)
鼠粘子(气平,味辛)
蔓荆子(气清,味辛)
川芎(气温,味辛)
天麻(气平,味苦)
秦艽(气微温,味苦辛平)
荆芥(气温,味苦辛)
麻黄(气温,味甘苦)
前胡(气微寒,味苦)
薄荷(气温,味苦辛)
热浮长(气之浓者,阳中之阳,气浓则发热,辛甘温热是也)
黑附子(气热,味大辛)
乌头(气热,味大辛)
干姜(气热,味大辛)
干生姜(气温,味辛)
良姜(气热,味辛,本味甘辛)
肉桂(气热,味大辛)
桂枝(气热,味甘辛)
草豆蔻(气热,味大辛)
丁香(气温,味辛)
浓朴(气温,味辛)
木香(气热,味苦辛)
益智(气热,味大辛)
白豆蔻(气热,味大辛)
川椒(气热,味大辛)
吴茱萸(气热,味苦辛)
茴香(气平,味辛)
延胡索(气温,味辛)
缩砂(气温,味辛)
红蓝花(气温,味辛)
神曲(气大暖,味甘)
湿化成(戊,湿,其本气平,其兼气温凉寒热,在人以胃应之。己,土,其本味咸,其
兼味
之)
黄 (气温平,味甘)
人参(气温,味甘)
甘草(气平,味甘)
当归(气温,味辛,一作味甘)
熟地黄(气寒,味苦)
半夏(气微寒,味辛平)
白术(气温,味甘)
苍术(气温,味甘)
陈皮(气温,味微苦)
青皮(气温,味辛)
藿香(气微温,味
槟榔(气温,味辛)
蓬莪术(气平,味苦辛)
京三棱(气平,味苦)
阿胶(气微温,味甘辛)
诃子(气温,味苦)
杏仁(气温,味甘苦)
大麦 (气温,味咸)
桃仁(气温,味甘苦)
紫草(气寒,味苦)
苏木(气平,味甘咸。一作味酸)
燥降收(气之薄者,阳中之阴,气薄则发泄,辛甘淡平寒凉是也)
茯苓(气平,味甘)
泽泻(气平,味甘)
猪苓(气寒,味甘)
滑石(气寒,味甘)
瞿麦(气寒,味苦辛)
车前子(气寒,味甘)
灯心草(气平,味甘)
五味子(气温,味酸)
桑白皮(气寒,味苦酸)
天门冬(气寒,味微苦)
白芍药(气微寒,味酸)
麦门冬(气寒,味微苦)
犀角(气寒,味苦酸)
乌梅(气平,味酸)
牡丹皮(气寒,味苦)
地骨皮(气寒,味苦)
枳壳(气寒,味苦)
琥珀(气平,味甘)
连翘(气平,味苦)
枳实(气寒,味苦酸)
木通(气平,味甘)
寒沉藏(味之浓者,阴中之阴,味浓则泄,酸苦咸气寒是也)
大黄(气寒,味苦)
黄柏(气寒,味苦)
黄芩(气寒,味苦)
黄连(气寒,味苦)
石膏(气寒,味辛)
草龙胆(气寒,味大苦)
生地黄(气寒,味苦)
知母(气寒,味大辛)
防己(气寒,味大苦)
茵陈(气微寒,味苦平)
朴硝(气寒,味苦辛)
栝蒌根(气寒,味苦)
牡蛎(气微寒,味咸平)
玄参(气寒,味微苦)
山栀子(气寒,味微苦)
川楝子(气寒,味苦平)
香豉(气寒,味苦)
地榆(气微寒,味甘咸)
苦味具有泄降作用,甘味具有缓和作用,酸味具有收敛作用,咸味具有软坚散结作用,淡味具有渗湿泄浊作用,辛味具有发散作用。
风升生(气味轻薄者,属于阴中之阳,气味轻薄则能通利,如酸、苦、咸而性平的药物):
防风(纯阳之性,性温,味甘、辛)。
升麻(气平,味微苦)。
柴胡(气平,味苦、辛)。
羌活(气微温,味苦、甘、平)。
威灵仙(气温,味苦)。
葛根(气平,味甘)。
独活(气微温,味苦、甘、平)。
细辛(气温,味大辛)。
桔梗(气微温,味甘、辛)。
白芷(气温,味大辛)。
藁本(气温,味大辛)。
鼠粘子(即牛蒡子,气平,味辛)。
蔓荆子(气清,味辛)。
川芎(气温,味辛)。
天麻(气平,味苦)。
秦艽(气微温,味苦、辛、平)。
荆芥(气温,味苦、辛)。
麻黄(气温,味甘、苦)。
前胡(气微寒,味苦)。
薄荷(气温,味苦、辛)。
热浮长(气味浓厚者,属于阳中之阳,气味浓厚则能发热,如辛、甘而性温热的药物):
黑附子(气热,味大辛)。
乌头(气热,味大辛)。
干姜(气热,味大辛)。
干生姜(气温,味辛)。
高良姜(气热,味辛,原本味甘、辛)。
肉桂(气热,味大辛)。
桂枝(气热,味甘、辛)。
草豆蔻(气热,味大辛)。
丁香(气温,味辛)。
厚朴(气温,味辛)。
木香(气热,味苦、辛)。
益智仁(气热,味大辛)。
白豆蔻(气热,味大辛)。
川椒(气热,味大辛)。
吴茱萸(气热,味苦、辛)。
小茴香(气平,味辛)。
延胡索(气温,味辛)。
缩砂仁(气温,味辛)。
红花(气温,味辛)。
神曲(气大暖,味甘)。
湿化成(戊土,湿,其本气平,其兼有温、凉、寒、热之气,在人体对应胃。己土,其本味咸,其兼味……):
黄芪(气温平,味甘)。
人参(气温,味甘)。
甘草(气平,味甘)。
当归(气温,味辛,一说味甘)。
熟地黄(气寒,味苦)。
半夏(气微寒,味辛、平)。
白术(气温,味甘)。
苍术(气温,味甘)。
陈皮(气温,味微苦)。
青皮(气温,味辛)。
藿香(气微温,味……[原文此处似有缺漏,通常指芳香化湿])。
槟榔(气温,味辛)。
蓬莪术(气平,味苦、辛)。
京三棱(气平,味苦)。
阿胶(气微温,味甘、辛)。
诃子(气温,味苦)。
杏仁(气温,味甘、苦)。
大麦(气温,味咸)。
桃仁(气温,味甘、苦)。
紫草(气寒,味苦)。
苏木(气平,味甘、咸。一说味酸)。
燥降收(气味轻薄者,属于阳中之阴,气味轻薄则能发泄,如辛、甘、淡而性平寒凉的药物):
茯苓(气平,味甘)。
泽泻(气平,味甘)。
猪苓(气寒,味甘)。
滑石(气寒,味甘)。
瞿麦(气寒,味苦、辛)。
车前子(气寒,味甘)。
灯心草(气平,味甘)。
五味子(气温,味酸)。
桑白皮(气寒,味苦、酸)。
天门冬(气寒,味微苦)。
白芍药(气微寒,味酸)。
麦门冬(气寒,味微苦)。
犀角(气寒,味苦、酸)。
乌梅(气平,味酸)。
牡丹皮(气寒,味苦)。
地骨皮(气寒,味苦)。
枳壳(气寒,味苦)。
琥珀(气平,味甘)。
连翘(气平,味苦)。
枳实(气寒,味苦、酸)。
木通(气平,味甘)。
寒沉藏(气味浓厚者,属于阴中之阴,气味浓厚则能泄下,如酸、苦、咸而性寒的药物):
大黄(气寒,味苦)。
黄柏(气寒,味苦)。
黄芩(气寒,味苦)。
黄连(气寒,味苦)。
石膏(气寒,味辛)。
龙胆草(气寒,味大苦)。
生地黄(气寒,味苦)。
知母(气寒,味大辛)。
防己(气寒,味大苦)。
茵陈(气微寒,味苦、平)。
芒硝(气寒,味苦、辛)。
瓜蒌根(即天花粉,气寒,味苦)。
牡蛎(气微寒,味咸、平)。
玄参(气寒,味微苦)。
山栀子(气寒,味微苦)。
川楝子(气寒,味苦、平)。
淡豆豉(气寒,味苦)。
地榆(气微寒,味甘、咸)。
Bitterness has a draining and descending action, sweetness has a moderating and relaxing action, sourness has an astringent and consolidating action, saltiness has a softening and dispersing action for hardness, blandness has a leaching and draining action for dampness, and pungency has a dispersing and diffusing action.
Wind Ascending and Generating (Substances with thin flavors belong to Yang within Yin; thin flavors promote unblocking, such as substances that are sour, bitter, salty, and neutral in nature):
Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) (Pure Yang in nature, warm in temperature, sweet and pungent in flavor).
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) (Neutral in qi, slightly bitter in flavor).
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) (Neutral in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) (Slightly warm in qi, bitter, sweet, and neutral in flavor).
Weilingxian (Synephoresis Caulis) (Warm in qi, bitter in flavor).
Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix) (Neutral in qi, sweet in flavor).
Duhuo (Angelicae Pubescentis Radix) (Slightly warm in qi, bitter, sweet, and neutral in flavor).
Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) (Warm in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) (Slightly warm in qi, sweet and pungent in flavor).
Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix) (Warm in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Ben (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (Warm in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Niupangzi (Arctii Fructus) (Neutral in qi, pungent in flavor).
Manjingzi (Vittaginis Fructus) (Clear in qi, pungent in flavor).
Chuanxiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) (Neutral in qi, bitter in flavor).
Qinjiao (Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix) (Slightly warm in qi, bitter, pungent, and neutral in flavor).
Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba) (Warm in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba) (Warm in qi, sweet and bitter in flavor).
Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) (Slightly cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) (Warm in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Heat Floating and Growing (Substances with thick qi belong to Yang within Yang; thick qi generates heat, such as substances that are pungent, sweet, and warm or hot in nature):
Hei Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Wutou (Aconiti Radix) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Gan Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Liangjiang (Alpiniae Officinarum Rhizoma) (Hot in qi, pungent in flavor; originally described as sweet and pungent).
Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (Hot in qi, sweet and pungent in flavor).
Caodoukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Dingxiang (Syzygii Flos) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) (Hot in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Yizhi (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Baidoukou (Amomi Fructus) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Chuanjiao (Zanthoxyli Pericarpium) (Hot in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus) (Hot in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Huixiang (Foeniculi Fructus) (Neutral in qi, pungent in flavor).
Yanhusuo (Corydalis Rhizoma) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Suosha (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Honglanhua (Carthami Flos) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) (Greatly warm in qi, sweet in flavor).
Dampness Transforming and Accomplishing (Wu Earth, Dampness: its fundamental qi is neutral, with concurrent warm, cool, cold, or hot properties; in the human body, it corresponds to the Stomach. Ji Earth: its fundamental flavor is salty, with concurrent flavors...):
Huangqi (Astragali Radix) (Neutral-warm in qi, sweet in flavor).
Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) (Warm in qi, sweet in flavor).
Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (Neutral in qi, sweet in flavor).
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor; alternatively described as sweet).
Shudihuang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) (Slightly cold in qi, pungent and neutral in flavor).
Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (Warm in qi, sweet in flavor).
Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) (Warm in qi, sweet in flavor).
Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) (Warm in qi, slightly bitter in flavor).
Qingpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Huoxiang (Pogostemonis Herba) (Slightly warm in qi...).
Binglang (Arecae Semen) (Warm in qi, pungent in flavor).
Peng'ezhu (Curcumae Zedoariae Rhizoma) (Neutral in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Jingsanleng (Sparganii Rhizoma) (Neutral in qi, bitter in flavor).
Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini) (Slightly warm in qi, sweet and pungent in flavor).
Hezi (Terminaliae Chebulae Fructus) (Warm in qi, bitter in flavor).
Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) (Warm in qi, sweet and bitter in flavor).
Damai (Hordei Fructus Germinatus) (Warm in qi, salty in flavor).
Taoren (Persicae Semen) (Warm in qi, sweet and bitter in flavor).
Zicao (Arnebiae Radix et Rhizoma / Lithospermi Radix) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Sumu (Sappan Lignum) (Neutral in qi, sweet and salty in flavor; alternatively described as sour).
Dryness Descending and Collecting (Substances with thin qi belong to Yin within Yang; thin qi promotes excretion and diffusion, such as substances that are pungent, sweet, bland, and neutral or cold in nature):
Fuling (Poria) (Neutral in qi, sweet in flavor).
Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma) (Neutral in qi, sweet in flavor).
Zhuling (Polyporus) (Cold in qi, sweet in flavor).
Huashi (Talcum) (Cold in qi, sweet in flavor).
Qumai (Dianthi Herba) (Cold in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Cheqianzi (Plantaginis Semen) (Cold in qi, sweet in flavor).
Dengxincao (Junci Medulla) (Neutral in qi, sweet in flavor).
Wuweizi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) (Warm in qi, sour in flavor).
Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex) (Cold in qi, bitter and sour in flavor).
Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix) (Cold in qi, slightly bitter in flavor).
Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (Slightly cold in qi, sour in flavor).
Maimendong (Ophiopogonis Radix) (Cold in qi, slightly bitter in flavor).
Xijiao (Rhino Ceratis Cornu) (Cold in qi, bitter and sour in flavor).
Wumei (Mume Fructus) (Neutral in qi, sour in flavor).
Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Digupi (Lyctici Cortex) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Zhiqiao (Aurantii Fructus) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Hupo (Electrum) (Neutral in qi, sweet in flavor).
Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) (Neutral in qi, bitter in flavor).
Zhishi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) (Cold in qi, bitter and sour in flavor).
Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) (Neutral in qi, sweet in flavor).
Cold Sinking and Storing (Substances with thick flavors belong to Yin within Yin; thick flavors promote purging and draining, such as substances that are sour, bitter, salty, and cold in nature):
Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Huangbai (Phellodendri Cortex) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (Cold in qi, pungent in flavor).
Longdancao (Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma) (Cold in qi, strongly bitter in flavor).
Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (Cold in qi, strongly pungent in flavor).
Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix) (Cold in qi, strongly bitter in flavor).
Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) (Slightly cold in qi, bitter and neutral in flavor).
Piaoxiao (Natrii Sulfas) (Cold in qi, bitter and pungent in flavor).
Gualougen (Trichosanthis Radix) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Muli (Concha Ostreae) (Slightly cold in qi, salty and neutral in flavor).
Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix) (Cold in qi, slightly bitter in flavor).
Shanzhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) (Cold in qi, slightly bitter in flavor).
Chuanlianzi (Toosendan Fructus) (Cold in qi, bitter and neutral in flavor).
Xiangchi (Sojae Semen Preparatum) (Cold in qi, bitter in flavor).
Diyu (Sanguisorbae Radix) (Slightly cold in qi, sweet and salty in flavor).