气平,味甘。甘而淡,性平,味薄,阳也。无毒。
《象》云∶主小便不利,导小肠热。去皮用。
《心》云∶通经利窍。
《本草》云∶除脾胃寒热,通利九窍血脉关节,令人不忘;散痈肿诸结不消,堕胎,去
虫。
气寒,味苦、辛,阳中微阴也。
《象》云∶主关格诸癃结,小便不通;治痈肿,排脓,明目去翳,破胎下闭血,逐膀胱
邪热。用穗。
《珍》云∶利小便,为君主之用。
《本草》云∶出刺,决痈肿,明目去翳;破胎堕子,下闭血;养肾气,逐膀胱邪逆;止
霍乱,长毛发。
气寒,味甘、咸。无毒。
《象》云∶主气癃闭。利水道,通小便;除湿痹,肝中风热,冲目赤痛。
《本草》云∶主气癃。止痛,利水道,通小便,除湿痹,男子伤中,女子淋沥,不欲食
,养肺;强阴益精,令人有子;明目,治目热赤痛;轻身耐老。
东垣云∶能利小便而不走气,与茯苓同功。
此一条,与本经无一字同,恐别是一物,有误,姑存之。名远墨子、血见愁、鹿
《时习》云∶今一种作青苕帚,名蚁子槐,作血见愁。又隰州鼓角楼上一种,名血见愁
,俱能破瘀血。《时习》补∶或人言,紫花如旋风草,但花不白。又有一种,花黄,叶似槐
,结角如绿豆,俗呼夹竹梅。
《局方本草》∶石苇味苦、甘,平,无毒。主劳热邪气,五癃闭不通;利小便水道,止
烦下气,通膀胱满;补五劳,安五脏,去恶风,益精气。
《药性论》云∶使。治劳及五淋,胞囊结热不通,膀胱热满。
《日华子》云∶治淋遗溺。杏仁为之使,得菖蒲,良。生华阴,又有生古瓦屋上者,名
瓦韦,用治淋亦佳。
【木通】
药性平和,味甘。甘味兼淡,药性平,气味淡薄,属阳。无毒。
《汤液本草·象》说:主治小便不通畅,引导小肠的热邪。使用时需去掉外皮。
《汤液本草·心》说:能疏通经络,通利孔窍。
《神农本草经》说:能消除脾胃的寒热之邪,通利九窍、血脉和关节,使人记忆力不减退;能消散痈肿及各种郁结不散的病证,堕胎,驱虫。
【石苇】(注:原文此处虽未标标题,但根据上下文及后续“石苇”条目判断,此段为另一品种或混淆项,通常指“通草”或类似品,但依原文结构,此为第二段独立描述,结合后文“名远墨子...恐别是一物”,此处暂按原文逻辑翻译,实为对另一种药物的描述,常被称为“通草”或“大血藤”等,但在古籍中常与木通混淆。鉴于原文紧接木通之后且无标题,且最后有“此一条...恐别是一物”,故前两段可能分别对应不同药物。第一段明确为木通。第二段开头“气寒...”在《汤液本草》中通常对应“通草”或“王不留行”等,但看内容“破胎下闭血...用穗”,这更像是**王不留行**或**瞿麦**的特征?不,看《珍》云“利小便...”,以及《本草》云“出刺...”。实际上,在《汤液本草》中,紧接木通之后的往往是**通草**。但让我们仔细看内容:“破胎下闭血...用穗”。王不留行无穗。瞿麦有穗。但瞿麦苦寒。这里说“气寒,味苦辛”。再看《局方本草》提到石苇。
*修正分析*:重新审视《汤液本草》原文结构。
第一段:木通。
第二段:气寒,味苦辛... 用穗。这实际上是**瞿麦**的描述吗?或者是**通草**?通草味淡。瞿麦味苦辛。但《汤液本草》中,木通之后是**通草**。然而通草通常描述为“气平,味甘淡”。
让我们看第三段:“气寒,味甘咸... 东垣云...”。这是**滑石**吗?滑石甘淡。
让我们看第四段:“此一条... 名远墨子...”。这是**石苇**的别名或混淆品讨论。
第五段:《局方本草》... 石苇...。这是明确的石苇。
*再次仔细核对《汤液本草》原文顺序*:
1. 木通:气平,味甘...
2. **通草**?不,原文第二段“气寒,味苦辛... 用穗”。在李时珍《本草纲目》引王好古语,或者《汤液本草》原书中,这一段其实是**瞿麦**吗?不,《汤液本草》卷二:木通之后是**通草**。但通草的描述通常是“气平,味甘淡”。
等等,用户提供的文本中,第二段开头是“气寒,味苦、辛...”。这在《汤液本草》中对应的是**瞿麦**吗?不,瞿麦在木通之前还是之后?
查阅《汤液本草》目录:木通、通草、石苇...
如果第二段是通草,通草不应是“味苦辛”。
如果第二段是**王不留行**?王不留行苦平。
如果第二段是**瞿麦**?瞿麦苦寒。
*关键点*:注意看第三段“气寒,味甘咸... 东垣云...”。这是**滑石**的典型描述(滑石甘淡寒)。但这里写的是“味甘咸”。
*再仔细看用户提供的文本*:
文本中并没有给出每个小节的标题,只有【背景信息】说章节是“木通 / ... / 石苇”。
这意味着文本包含了从木通到石苇之间的内容。
第一段:木通。
第二段:气寒,味苦辛... 用穗。这极有可能是**瞿麦**。因为瞿麦有穗,味苦辛,主关格癃结。
第三段:气寒,味甘咸... 东垣云。这可能是**滑石**?滑石通常味甘淡。或者**冬葵子**?
第四段:此一条... 恐别是一物... 名远墨子...。这是对**石苇**异名的考证。
第五段:《局方本草》... 石苇...。这是石苇的正条。
*但是*,作为翻译任务,我不需要纠正古籍的错误或补充缺失的标题,只需忠实翻译原文。原文将这几段并列,我将逐段翻译。
第二段翻译:
药性寒,味苦、辛,属于阳中略带阴的性质。
《汤液本草·象》说:主治关格病及各种尿闭不通;治疗痈肿,排脓,明目去除眼翳,破血堕胎,排出闭阻的瘀血,驱除膀胱中的邪热。使用时取花穗。
《汤液本草·珍》说:通利小便,作为君药使用。
《神农本草经》说:出自带刺的植物,能决溃痈肿,明目去翳;破血堕胎,排出闭阻的瘀血;滋养肾气,驱除膀胱逆乱之邪;止住霍乱,促进头发生长。
第三段翻译:
药性寒,味甘、咸。无毒。
《汤液本草·象》说:主治气滞引起的尿闭。通利水道,通畅小便;祛除湿痹,治疗肝经中风热导致的眼睛红肿疼痛。
《神农本草经》说:主治气滞尿闭。止痛,通利水道,通畅小便,祛除湿痹,治疗男子内伤,女子淋沥不尽,食欲不振,滋养肺脏;强壮阴精,益补精髓,使人易于受孕;明目,治疗眼睛发热红肿疼痛;使身体轻便,延缓衰老。
李东垣说:能通利小便而不耗散正气,功效与茯苓相同。
第四段翻译:
这一条记载的内容,与《神农本草经》没有任何一字相同,恐怕是另一种药物,存在错误,姑且保留在此。它的名字有远墨子、血见愁、鹿[尾?](注:原文“鹿”字后似缺字或为“鹿衔草”之类,但原文只到“鹿”,结合下文“名远墨子...”,此处“鹿”可能是“鹿蹄草”或误植,但译文需忠实原文,故译为“鹿”或根据语境补全?不,忠实原文,“鹿”后换行,下一行“《时习》云”。所以实体提取时注意。翻译时直接译“鹿”)。
《时习》说:现在有一种做成青苕帚的,名叫蚁子槐,也叫血见愁。又在隰州鼓角楼上生长的一种,名叫血见愁,都能破除瘀血。《时习》补充:有人说,紫花像旋风草,但花色不白。又有一种,花黄色,叶子像槐树,结荚果像绿豆,俗称夹竹梅。
《局方本草》说:石苇味苦、甘,性平,无毒。主治劳热邪气,五种癃闭不通;通利小便水道,止烦渴降逆气,通利膀胱胀满;补益五劳,安定五脏,祛除恶风,益补精气。
《药性论》说:石苇为使药。治疗劳损及五种淋证,胞囊结热不通,膀胱热盛胀满。
《日华子本草》说:治疗淋证及遗尿。杏仁作为使药,配合石菖蒲使用效果良好。石苇生于华阴,又有生长在古老瓦屋上的,名叫瓦韦,用于治疗淋证也很好。
[Mutong (Akebiae Caulis)]
The qi is neutral, the taste is sweet. Sweet and slightly bland, the nature is neutral, the flavor is thin, belonging to Yang. It is non-toxic.
*Xiang* states: It primarily treats difficult urination and guides heat from the Small Intestine. Use it after removing the peel.
*Xin* states: It unblocks meridians and benefits orifices.
*Bencao* states: It eliminates cold and heat in the Spleen and Stomach, unblocks the nine orifices, blood vessels, and joints, prevents forgetfulness; dissipates carbuncles, swellings, and various accumulations that do not resolve, induces abortion, and expels parasites.
[Tongcao (Tetrapanacis Medulla) - *Note: Based on content "Qi Cold, Taste Bitter/Pungent", this section likely refers to Qumai or similar, but translated literally as per text structure.*]
The qi is cold, the tastes are bitter and pungent, representing Yang with a slight Yin aspect.
*Xiang* states: It primarily treats Guan-Ge syndrome and various types of strangury and retention; treats carbuncles and swellings, discharges pus, brightens the eyes and removes nebulae, breaks pregnancy and expels obstructed blood, and drives out pathogenic heat from the Bladder. Use the flower spikes.
*Zhen* states: It promotes urination and serves as a sovereign herb.
*Bencao* states: It originates from thorny plants, resolves carbuncles and swellings, brightens the eyes and removes nebulae; breaks pregnancy and induces abortion, expels obstructed blood; nourishes Kidney Qi, drives out rebellious pathogenic factors from the Bladder; stops cholera-like vomiting and diarrhea, promotes hair growth.
[Huaishi (Talcum) - *Note: Content "Qi Cold, Taste Sweet/Salty" matches Talcum characteristics in some contexts, though typically bland. Translated literally.*]
The qi is cold, the tastes are sweet and salty. It is non-toxic.
*Xiang* states: It primarily treats Qi-related strangury and retention. It benefits water passages and promotes urination; dispels damp-bi, Liver wind-heat, and冲 (rushing) redness and pain in the eyes.
*Bencao* states: It primarily treats Qi-related strangury. It alleviates pain, benefits water passages, promotes urination, dispels damp-bi, treats internal injury in men, dribbling in women, loss of appetite, and nourishes the Lungs; strengthens Yin, benefits essence, facilitates conception; brightens the eyes, treats eye heat, redness, and pain; lightens the body and delays aging.
Dongyuan states: It can promote urination without depleting Qi, having the same efficacy as Fuling (Poria).
[Shiwei (Pyrrosiae Folium) - *Note: The text discusses aliases and confusion before defining Shiwei properly.*]
This entry shares no single character with the *Shennong Bencao Jing*, suggesting it may be a different substance and an error; however, it is tentatively retained here. Its names include Yuanmozi, Xuejianchou, and Lu [Tail?].
*Shixi* states: Currently, one type made into green brooms is called Yizihuai (Ant-subtree Locust), also known as Xuejianchou. Another type growing on the drum tower in Xizhou is also called Xuejianchou, both capable of resolving stasis. *Shixi* adds: Some say it has purple flowers like Xuanfengcao, but the flowers are not white. There is another type with yellow flowers, leaves resembling locust, and pods like mung beans, commonly called Jiazhu Mei.
*Jufang Bencao* states: Shiwei tastes bitter and sweet, is neutral and non-toxic. It primarily treats labor-induced heat and pathogenic qi, five types of strangury and retention; benefits water passages and promotes urination, stops thirst and directs Qi downward, unblocks fullness in the Bladder; tonifies the five labors, calms the five Zang organs, expels evil wind, and benefits essence and Qi.
*Yaoxing Lun* states: It acts as an assistant herb. It treats consumption and five types of lin syndrome, heat accumulation in the bladder sac causing obstruction, and Bladder heat with fullness.
*Rimazishi* states: It treats lin syndrome and enuresis. Xingren (Apricot Seed) acts as an assistant; combined with Changpu (Acorus), it is effective. It grows in Huayin; another variety growing on old tiled roofs is named Wa Wei (Tile Fern), which is also excellent for treating lin syndrome.