气微温，味甘，微寒。无毒。
《本草》云∶主胸胁逆气，咳嗽上气。状似白薇、牛膝辈。
《衍义》云∶白前保定肺气，治嗽多用，白而长于细辛，但粗而脆，不似细辛之柔。若
以温药相佐使则尤佳。仲景用。
气大寒，味苦、咸，平。无毒。
《本草》云∶主暴中风身热，肢满，忽忽不知人，狂惑邪气，寒热酸疼，温疟洗洗、发
作有时。疗伤中淋露，下水气，利阴气，益精。近道处处有之，状似牛膝、白前而短小。疗
惊邪风狂 病。
《液》云∶局方中多有用之治妇人，以《本经》疗伤中、下淋露故也。
《本草》又云∶恶黄 、大黄、大戟、干姜、干漆、山茱萸、大枣。
气微寒，味苦。无毒。
《本草》云∶主痰满，胸胁中痞，心腹结气，风头痛。去痰实，下气，治伤寒寒热，推
陈致新，明目益精。半夏为使。恶皂荚，畏藜芦。
气热，味辛、苦，纯阳。味浓于气，阴中阳也。无毒。
《象》云∶除肺中滞气，若治中、下焦气结滞，须用槟榔为使。
《珍》云∶治腹中气不转运，和胃气。
《心》云∶散滞气，调诸气。
《本草》云∶治邪风，辟毒疫瘟鬼，强志，主淋露，疗气劣，肌中偏寒，主气不足，消
毒，瘟疟蛊毒，行药之精。
《本经》云∶主气劣、气不足，补也；通壅气、导一切气，破也。安胎、健脾胃，补也
；除 癖块，破也。与本条补破不同，何也？易老以为破气之剂，不言补也。
（白前）气微温，味甘，兼有微寒之性。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治胸胁部逆乱之气，咳嗽气逆。其形态类似于白薇、牛膝这一类药物。
《衍义》记载：白前能安定肺气，治疗咳嗽多用此药，其色白且长于细辛，但质地较粗而脆，不像细辛那样柔韧。如果用温热药物作为辅助引导，则效果更佳。张仲景曾使用此药。
（白薇）气大寒，味苦、咸，性平。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治突然中风引起的身体发热，四肢胀满，神情恍惚不知人事，狂乱迷惑及邪气侵袭，寒热交替酸痛，以及定时发作的温疟疾（一种疟疾）。治疗内伤导致的淋沥漏下，通利水气，疏通阴经之气，补益精髓。在各地均有生长，形态类似牛膝、白前但更短小。用于治疗惊邪风狂病。
《液》记载：局方（宋代官方药典《太平惠民和剂局方》）中多有用此药治疗妇女疾病的情况，这是依据《本经》中关于治疗内伤、下焦淋沥漏下的功效所述。
《本草》又记载：忌与黄芩、大黄、大戟、干姜、干漆、山茱萸、大枣同用。
（半夏）气微寒，味苦。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治痰湿壅盛，胸胁部痞塞，心腹部结聚之气，风邪头痛。能去除痰实，降气，治疗伤寒引起的寒热症状，推陈出新，明目，补益精髓。以半夏为引经药时效果最佳。忌与皂荚同用，畏惧藜芦。
（槟榔）气热，味辛、苦，属纯阳之性。气味浓厚，属于阴中之阳。无毒。
《象》（李东垣，号洁古老人，此处指其著作或观点）记载：能清除肺中的滞气，如果治疗中焦、下焦的气机结滞，必须用槟榔作为引经药。
《珍》（张元素，字洁古，号云岐子，此处指其著作或观点）记载：治疗腹中气机不运转，调和胃气。
《心》（王好古，号海藏，此处指其著作或观点）记载：疏散滞气，调理各种气机。
《本草》记载：治疗邪风，辟除毒疫瘟鬼，坚定意志，主治淋沥漏下，治疗气虚乏力，肌肉中偏寒，主治气不足，解毒，治疗瘟疟蛊毒，引导药力运行。
《本经》记载：主治气劣、气不足，属于补法；通导壅滞之气，引导各种气机，属于破法。安胎、健脾胃，属于补法；消除癖块，属于破法。这与本条文中提到的补与破不同，为什么呢？易老（张元素）认为它是破气的药剂，没有提到补的作用。
(Baiqian / *Cynanchum stauntonii*) Qi is slightly warm, taste is sweet, with a slight cold nature. Non-toxic.
*Bencao* states: It primarily treats rebellious Qi in the chest and hypochondrium, and cough with upward rushing of Qi. Its appearance resembles that of Baiwei (*Anemarrhenae Rhizoma*) and Niuxi (*Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix*).
*Yanyi* states: Baiqian stabilizes Lung Qi and is frequently used to treat cough. It is white and longer than Xixin (*Asari Radix*), but coarser and more brittle, unlike the flexibility of Xixin. If assisted by warm herbs, it is particularly effective. Zhang Zhongjing utilized this herb.
(Baiwei / *Anemarrhenae Rhizoma*) Qi is greatly cold, taste is bitter and salty, nature is neutral. Non-toxic.
*Bencao* states: It primarily treats sudden wind-stroke with body heat, fullness in limbs, mental confusion or loss of consciousness, mania, delirium, pathogenic factors, alternating chills and fever, soreness and pain, and timed onset of Warm Malaria (a type of malaria). It treats internal injury leading to dripping discharge or leakage, promotes water metabolism, benefits Yin channel Qi, and nourishes Essence. It grows everywhere along the rivers; its shape resembles Niuxi and Baiqian but is shorter and smaller. It treats disorders caused by fright, evil, wind, and mania.
*Ye* states: In the *Jufang* (Prescriptions of the Bureau for the Care of the People), it is often used to treat women's diseases, based on the *Benjing*'s description of treating internal injury and lower jiao dripping discharge.
*Bencao* further states: It is incompatible with Huangqin (*Scutellariae Radix*), Dahuang (*Rhei Radix et Rhizoma*), Daji (*Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix*), Ganjiang (*Zingiberis Rhizoma*), Ganqi (*Lacini Cinnamomi*), Shanzhuyu (*Corni Fructus*), and Dazao (*Jujubae Fructus*).
(Banxia / *Pinelliae Rhizoma*) Qi is slightly cold, taste is bitter. Non-toxic.
*Bencao* states: It primarily treats phlegm-fullness, chest and hypochondriac stagnation, knotted Qi in the heart and abdomen, and wind-induced headache. It eliminates phlegm-solidity, directs Qi downward, treats chills and fever from Cold Damage (Shanghan), pushes out the old to bring forth the new, brightens the eyes, and benefits Essence. Banxia serves as the guiding herb. It is adverse to Zaojiao (*Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina*) and fears Lilu (*Veratri Radix*).
(Binglang / *Arecae Semen*) Qi is hot, taste is pungent and bitter, belonging to Pure Yang. The taste is denser than the Qi, representing Yang within Yin. Non-toxic.
*Xiang* (Li Dongyuan) states: It removes stagnant Qi in the Lungs. If treating Qi knotting and stagnation in the Middle and Lower Jiao, Binglang must be used as the guiding herb.
*Zhen* (Zhang Yuansu) states: It treats non-transportation of Qi in the abdomen and harmonizes Stomach Qi.
*Xin* (Wang Haogu) states: It disperses stagnant Qi and regulates various Qi mechanisms.
*Bencao* states: It treats pathogenic wind, wards off toxic epidemics and pestilence ghosts, strengthens willpower, primarily treats dripping discharge, remedies deficient Qi, addresses coldness in the muscles, treats Qi insufficiency, detoxifies, treats epidemic malaria and gu poison, and facilitates the action of other drugs.
*Benjing* states: Treating deficient Qi belongs to tonification; unblocking obstructed Qi and directing all Qi belongs to purgation. Calming the fetus and strengthening the Spleen and Stomach belong to tonification; removing mass formations belongs to purgation. This differs from the tonification and purgation mentioned in this section. Why? Yi Lao (Zhang Yuansu) considered it a Qi-purgative agent and did not mention tonification.