气寒，味甘。
《本草》云∶主消渴客热，止小便。《金匮玉函》治五噎膈气烦闷，吐逆不下食，芦根
五两，锉，水三盏，煮一盏，去渣，服无时。
又名乌扇
气平，味苦，微温，有毒。
《本草》云∶主咳逆上气，喉闭咽痛，不得消息，散结气，腹中邪逆，食饮大热。疗老
血在心脾间，咳唾，言语气臭，散胸中热气。
《衍义》云∶治肺气喉痹为佳。
仲景治咽中动气或闭塞，乌扇汤中用。
《时习》云∶仲景射干汤用之。
《心》云∶去胃痈。
气微寒平，味苦、咸。无毒。
入足少阴经，手厥阴经。
《本草》云∶主暴热火疮，赤气，疥瘙疽痔，马鞍热气。除痈肿，浮肿，结热，风痹不
足，产后疾痛。
仲景治肠痈有脓者，薏苡仁附子败酱汤。薏苡仁二十分，附子二分，败酱五分。三物为
末。取方寸匕，以水二升，
煎取一升，顿服之，小盒饭下，愈。
气平。
《本草》云∶主筋溢恶疮。
《药性论》云∶亦可单用，主破血。取蒲黄、赤芍药、当归、大黄、朴硝同服，治跌扑
瘀血。
《液》云∶同芦，差大耳。
气寒，味大苦、辛。苦，阴也，平。无毒。
通行十二经。
《象》云∶治腰以下至足湿热肿盛香港脚，补膀胱，去留热，通行十二经。去皮用。
《本草》云∶主风寒，温疟，热气诸痫。除邪，利大小便，疗水肿、风肿；去膀胱热
，伤寒寒热邪气，中风，手脚挛急，止泄；散痈肿恶结，诸蜗疥癣虫疮；通腠理，利九窍。
《药性论》云∶汉防己，君。又云∶木防己，使。畏女菀、卤咸。去血中湿热。
芦根：
药性寒，味甘。
《本草》记载：主治消渴（因内热耗伤津液所致的小便频多、口渴引饮之证）和客热（外感或内生之邪热），能止小便（减少尿量）。《金匮玉函》治疗五噎膈气烦闷（指气、血、痰、食、酒五种噎膈引起的胸膈烦闷）、呕吐逆反不能进食，用芦根五两，切碎，加水三盏，煮至一盏，去渣，随时服用。
乌扇（射干）：
又名乌扇。
药性平，味苦，微温，有毒。
《本草》记载：主治咳嗽气逆，喉部闭塞咽痛，呼吸不畅，能消散结聚之气，治疗腹中邪气逆乱，饮食过热引起的病症。治疗心脾间陈旧瘀血引起的咳嗽吐唾，言语气息臭秽，消散胸中热气。
《衍义》记载：治疗肺气喉痹效果极佳。
张仲景治疗咽喉中有动气或闭塞，在乌扇汤中使用。
《时习》记载：张仲景的射干汤中也使用它。
《心》记载：能去除胃痈。
薏苡仁：
药性微寒平，味苦、咸。无毒。
入足少阴肾经，手厥阴心包经。
《本草》记载：主治暴热火疮，赤气（皮肤发红发热），疥癣疽痔，马鞍热气（长期骑马导致的局部湿热肿痛）。消除痈肿，浮肿，结热，风痹导致的双脚无力，产后疼痛。
张仲景治疗肠痈有脓者，用薏苡仁附子败酱汤。薏苡仁二十份，附子二分，败酱五分。将三味药研为末。取一方寸匕的药量，加水二升，煎取一升，一次性服下，小便会像盒子一样通畅排出，病即愈。
蒲黄：
药性平。
《本草》记载：主治筋溢恶疮。
《药性论》记载：也可以单用，主治破血。取蒲黄、赤芍药、当归、大黄、朴硝同服，治疗跌打损伤引起的瘀血。
《液》记载：与芦根相似，只是稍大一些。
防己：
药性寒，味大苦、辛。苦属阴，性平。无毒。
通行十二经脉。
《象》记载：治疗腰部以下至足部的湿热肿胀严重的脚气病，补益膀胱，去除滞留的热邪，通行十二经脉。需去皮使用。
《本草》记载：主治风寒，温疟，热气引起的各种痫证。驱除邪气，利大小便，治疗水肿、风肿；去除膀胱热，治疗伤寒引起的寒热邪气，中风，手脚拘挛紧急，止泻；消散痈肿恶结，各种蜗疝疥癣虫疮；通达腠理，利九窍。
《药性论》记载：汉防己为君药。又说：木防己为使药。畏女菀、卤咸。去除血中的湿热。
Lugen (Reed Rhizome):
The qi is cold, the taste is sweet.
Bencao states: It primarily treats Xiao Ke (wasting-thirst syndrome characterized by excessive thirst and urination due to internal heat consuming body fluids) and Ke Re (external or endogenous pathogenic heat), and can reduce urination. Jin Gui Yu Han treats Wu Ye Ge Qi Fan Men (chest and diaphragm irritability caused by five types of dysphagia—qi, blood, phlegm, food, and wine stagnation), vomiting, and inability to eat. Use Lugen 5 liang, chopped, with 3 zhen of water, boiled down to 1 zhen, strain, and take at any time.
Wushan (Belamcanda Rhizome / Shegan):
Also known as Wushan.
The qi is neutral, the taste is bitter, slightly warm, and it has slight toxicity.
Bencao states: It primarily treats cough with upward rushing of qi, throat obstruction with sore throat, and difficulty in breathing; it dissipates stagnant qi, treats rebellious evil qi in the abdomen, and conditions caused by excessively hot food and drink. It treats old blood stasis between the heart and spleen causing coughing and expectoration, foul breath odor, and dissipates hot qi in the chest.
Yanyi states: It is excellent for treating Fei Qi Hou Bi (lung qi throat bi-syndrome).
Zhang Zhongjing uses it in Wushan Tang for treating moving qi or obstruction in the throat.
Shixi states: Zhang Zhongjing also uses it in Shegan Tang.
Xin states: It removes Wei Yong (stomach abscess).
Yiyiren (Coix Seed):
The qi is slightly cold and neutral, the taste is bitter and salty. It is non-toxic.
It enters the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and the Hand Jueyin Pericardium Meridian.
Bencao states: It primarily treats sudden fire-heat sores, redness and heat of the skin, scabies, tinea, carbuncles, and hemorrhoids, and "saddle horse heat" (local damp-heat swelling from prolonged riding). It eliminates carbuncle swelling, edema, consolidated heat, wind-bi leading to weakness in the feet, and postpartum pain.
Zhang Zhongjing uses Yiyiren Fuzi Baijiang Tang for intestinal abscesses with pus. Yiyiren 20 parts, Fuzi 2 parts, Baijiang 5 parts. Grind the three substances into powder. Take a measure of one cun bi, add 2 sheng of water, decoct to obtain 1 sheng, and take in one dose. The stool will pass smoothly like a box, and the disease will be cured.
Puhuang (Typha Pollen):
The qi is neutral.
Bencao states: It primarily treats Jin Yi E Chuang (severe sores related to tendon overflow).
Yaoxing Lun states: It can also be used alone to treat blood-breaking. Combined with Puhuang, Chishao Yao, Danggui, Dahuang, and Puxiao, it treats blood stasis from falls and blows.
Ye states: It is similar to Lugen, just slightly larger.
Fangji (Stephania Root):
The qi is cold, the taste is greatly bitter and acrid. Bitter belongs to Yin, and its nature is neutral. It is non-toxic.
It circulates through the Twelve Meridians.
Xiang states: It treats severe damp-heat swelling in the lower limbs extending from the waist to the feet (Jiao Qi), tonifies the Bladder, removes lingering heat, and circulates through the Twelve Meridians. Use the peeled root.
Bencao states: It primarily treats Wind-Cold, Wen Nue (warm malaria), and various epilepsy syndromes caused by heat qi. It expels evil, promotes urination and defecation, treats edema and wind-swelling; removes Bladder heat, treats Cold-Shang chills and fever pathogens, stroke, spasticity of hands and feet, stops diarrhea; dissipates carbuncle swelling and malignant knots, various hernias, scabies, tinea, and insect sores; opens the Cou Li (pores/skin texture), and benefits the Nine Orifices.
Yaoxing Lun states: Han Fangji serves as the Jun (sovereign) herb. It also states: Mu Fangji serves as the Shi (envoy) herb. It is incompatible with Nuwan and Luxian. It removes damp-heat from the blood.