气温，味辛、苦。有小毒。
《本草》云∶主咳逆上气，喉鸣喘急，咽肿短气，蛊毒鬼疟，痈肿疝瘕。杀虫鱼。消胸
中痰水，喜（声去）唾，水肿，五水在五脏、皮肤及腰痛。下寒毒、肉毒。久服令人虚。仲
景
治太阳中风，胁下痛，呕逆者，可攻，十枣汤主之。
《液》云∶胡洽治痰癖饮，加以大黄、甘草，五物同煎。以相反主之，欲其大吐也。
治之大略，水者，肺、肾、胃三经所主，有五脏、六腑、十二经之部分，上而头，中而四肢
，下而腰脐，外而皮毛，中而肌肉，内而筋骨。脉有尺寸之殊，浮沉之异，不可轻泻药，当知
病在何经何脏，误用则害深。然大意泄湿，内云五物者，即甘遂、大戟、芫花、大黄、甘草
也。
气平，味甘、咸。甘而酸、辛，性平。甘胜于酸辛，阳中之阴。无毒。
《本草》云∶主破血，产后血胀闷欲死者。排脓止痛，消痈肿瘀血，妇人月水不调及血
晕口噤。
《心》云∶性平，甘胜于酸辛。去风，与防风同用。
《珍》云∶破死血。
气寒，味苦、平。有小毒。
《本草》云∶治伤寒大热烦躁，杀三虫疥疡，利小便。杵细用。
《珍》云∶入心，主上下部腹痛。
酸苦，阴中之阳。
《珍》云∶心暴痛，非此不能除。即川楝子也。
味苦、平。无毒。
《本草》云∶主破血止痛，疗金疮杖疮，诸恶疮，痔漏卒下血，目中翳，晕痛，肤赤。
生波斯国，似安息香，其块大小不定，黑色。
（芫花）气性平，味辛、苦。有小毒。
《本草》记载：主治咳嗽气逆，喉间痰鸣喘急，咽喉肿痛，呼吸短促，蛊毒及鬼疟，痈肿疝气瘕积。能杀虫并用于毒鱼。消除胸中痰饮积水，促使患者频频吐唾，治疗水肿，以及五脏、皮肤的水气病和腰痛。下行寒毒、肉毒。长期服用使人身体虚弱。张仲景治疗太阳中风证，出现胁下疼痛，呕吐气逆者，可以使用攻下法，以十枣汤为主方。
《液》记载：胡洽治疗痰癖饮停之证，加入大黄、甘草，五味药同煎。利用药物相反相激的原理来主治，目的是引起剧烈呕吐。
治疗水饮的大致原则是：水液代谢由肺、肾、胃三经所主管，涉及五脏、六腑、十二经脉的分布部位，上至头部，中部四肢，下部腰脐，外部皮毛，中部肌肉，内部筋骨。脉象有寸尺的区别，浮沉的不同，不可轻易使用泻下药，应当知晓病邪位于哪一经、哪一脏，误用则危害深重。但大意在于泄除湿邪，文中提到的“五物”，即甘遂、大戟、芫花、大黄、甘草这五种药物。
（没药）气性平，味甘、咸。兼有甘、酸、辛味，性平。甘味胜过酸辛味，属于阳中之阴。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治破血，产后血胀闷欲死之症。排出脓液，止痛，消除痈肿瘀血，妇女月经不调及血晕口噤。
《心》记载：性平，甘味胜过酸辛味。祛风，可与防风同用。
《珍》记载：破除死血。
（苦楝皮/或指代前文某药，根据上下文推测为苦楝子相关或独立条目，此处依原文翻译）气性寒，味苦、平。有小毒。
《本草》记载：治疗伤寒大热烦躁，杀灭三虫疥疮疡，通利小便。需捣碎细末使用。
《珍》记载：入心经，主治上下腹部疼痛。
（川楝子）味酸苦，属于阴中之阳。
《珍》记载：心脏突发疼痛，非此药不能去除。即川楝子。
（乳香/或指代前文某药，根据描述“生波斯国...似安息香”推测为乳香或类似树脂类药材，此处依原文翻译）味苦、平。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治破血止痛，治疗金创杖疮，各种恶疮，痔疮漏管突然下血，眼中翳膜，眩晕头痛，皮肤发红。产于波斯国，形状类似安息香，块状大小不定，颜色黑色。
(Yuanhua, Genkwa Flos) The qi is neutral, the flavors are pungent and bitter. It has slight toxicity.
Bencao states: It primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, wheezing with rhonchi in the throat, soreness and swelling of the throat, shortness of breath, gu poison, ghost malaria, carbuncles, swellings, hernias, and masses. It kills insects and fish. It resolves phlegm-fluid retention in the chest, promotes frequent expectoration, treats edema, water accumulation in the five zang organs, skin, and lower back pain. It drains downward cold toxins and flesh toxins. Long-term use causes debility. Zhang Zhongjing treats Taiyang wind-stroke syndrome where there is pain under the hypochondrium and vomiting with rebellious qi; attack may be indicated, using Shizao Tang (Ten Date Decoction) as the main formula.
Ye states: Hu Qia treats phlegm-pi and fluid retention by adding Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome) and Gancao (Licorice Root), decocting the five substances together. Utilizing the principle of mutual antagonism to treat it aims to induce severe vomiting.
The general principle for treating water retention is: Water metabolism is governed by the Lung, Kidney, and Stomach meridians, involving the distributions of the five zang, six fu, and twelve meridians. It extends from the head above, to the limbs in the middle, to the waist and umbilicus below, to the skin and hair externally, to the muscles in the middle, and to the sinews and bones internally. Pulse diagnoses differ between cun and chi positions, and floating versus sinking depths. One must not lightly employ purgative drugs; one must know which meridian and zang organ are affected. Misuse causes deep harm. However, the general intent is to drain dampness. The "five substances" mentioned refer to Gansui (Kansui Root), Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos), Dahuang (Rhubarb Rhizome), and Gancao (Licorice Root).
(Moyao, Myrrha) The qi is neutral, the flavors are sweet and salty. It possesses sweet, sour, and pungent flavors, with a neutral nature. The sweet flavor predominates over the sour and pungent, representing yin within yang. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It primarily breaks blood stasis, treating postpartum abdominal distension and stifling sensation bordering on death. It expels pus, alleviates pain, resolves carbuncles, swellings, and blood stasis, and treats irregular menstruation in women as well as blood syncope with locked jaws.
Xin states: The nature is neutral, with the sweet flavor predominating over the sour and pungent. It dispels wind and can be used together with Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix).
Zhen states: It breaks dead blood stasis.
(Ku Lian Pi or related, based on context) The qi is cold, the flavors are bitter and neutral. It has slight toxicity.
Bencao states: It treats severe fever and restlessness due to Shanghan (Cold Damage), kills three types of parasites and scabies/ulcers, and promotes urination. It should be pounded into fine powder for use.
Zhen states: It enters the Heart meridian and primarily treats abdominal pain in the upper and lower regions.
(Chuan Lian Zi, Toosendan Fructus) The flavors are sour and bitter, representing yang within yin.
Zhen states: For sudden heart pain, this herb is indispensable for removal. This refers to Chuan Lian Zi.
(Ruxiang or similar resinous drug, based on description) The flavor is bitter and neutral. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It primarily breaks blood stasis and alleviates pain, treating traumatic injuries from metal weapons or beating, various malignant sores, sudden bleeding from hemorrhoidal fistulas, ocular nebulae, vertigo and headache, and reddish skin. It originates from Persia, resembles Anxi Xiang (Benzoin Resin), comes in irregular block sizes, and is black in color.