气大热，味苦、甘、辛。有毒。
《本草》云∶主行药势，杀百邪恶毒瓦斯。能行诸经不止，与附子相同。味辛者能散，味
苦者能下，味甘者居中而缓也。为导引，可以通行一身之表，至极高之分。若味淡者，则利
小便而速下。大海或凝，惟酒不冰。三人晨行，遇大寒，一人食粥者病；一人腹空者死
；一人饮酒者，安。则知其大热也。
一名醋，一名醯
气温，味酸。无毒。
《液》云∶敛咽疮，主消痈肿，散水气，杀邪毒。余初录《本草》苦酒条。《本经》一
名醯，又一名苦酒，如为一物也。及读《金匮》，治黄胆，有麻黄醇酒汤∶右以美清酒五升
，煮二升，苦酒也。前治黄汗，有黄 芍药桂枝苦酒汤。
即胶饴
气温，味甘。无毒。
入足太阴经药。
《液》云∶补虚乏，止渴，去血。以其色紫凝如深琥珀色，谓之胶饴。色白而枯者，非
胶饴，即饧糖也，不入药用。中满不宜用，呕家切忌。为足太阴经药。仲景谓，呕家不可用
建中汤，以甘故也。
气寒，味苦，阴也。无毒。
《象》云∶治伤寒头痛，烦躁满闷。生用。
《珍》云∶去心中懊 。
《本草》云∶主伤寒头痛，寒热。伤寒初觉头痛内热，脉洪，起一二日，便作此加减葱
豉汤∶葱白一虎口，豉一升，绵裹。以水三升，煎取一升，顿服取汗。若不汗，加葛根三两
，水五升，煮二升，分二服。又不汗，加麻黄三两，去节。
气味大热，味道苦、甘、辛。有毒。
《本草》记载：主要能推动药势运行，杀灭各种邪恶毒气。能够通行各条经脉而不停止，功效与附子相同。味辛的能发散，味苦的能下行，味甘的居于中焦而具有缓和作用。作为引导药，可以通行全身体表，到达极高的部位。如果味道淡的，则能通利小便并加速排泄。大海之水有时凝结成冰，只有酒不会结冰。有三个人早晨出行，遇到大寒天气，其中一人喝粥的生病了；一人空腹的死亡了；一人饮酒的安然无恙。由此可知酒性大热。
又名醋，又名醯（xī）。
气温，味道酸。无毒。
《液》记载：收敛咽部疮疡，主治消解痈肿，散除水气，杀灭邪毒。我最初摘录《本草》中关于“苦酒”的条目。《本经》说一名为醯，又一名为苦酒，好像是指同一种东西。等到阅读《金匮要略》，治疗黄疸病，有麻黄醇酒汤：右边用美酒清酒五升，煮取二升，这里的酒就是苦酒。之前治疗黄汗病，有黄耆芍药桂枝苦酒汤。
即胶饴（麦芽糖）。
气温，味道甘。无毒。
入足太阴脾经的药物。
《液》记载：补益虚损乏力，止渴，去除瘀血。因为它颜色紫黑凝固如深琥珀色，所以称为胶饴。颜色白且枯干的，不是胶饴，而是饧糖（稀薄糖浆），不供药用。中焦胀满者不宜使用，呕吐患者切忌使用。作为足太阴经的药物。张仲景说，呕吐患者不可使用建中汤，因为甘味的缘故。
气味寒，味道苦，属阴。无毒。
《象》记载：治疗伤寒引起的头痛，烦躁胸闷。生用。
《珍》记载：去除心中烦闷懊恼。
《本草》记载：主治伤寒头痛，寒热往来。伤寒初起感觉头痛内热，脉象洪大，发病一两天后，便制作此加减葱豉汤：葱白一把，豆豉一升，用绵布包裹。用水三升，煎取一升，一次性服用以取汗。如果不出汗，加葛根三两，水五升，煮取二升，分两次服用。如果仍不出汗，加麻黄三两，去掉节。
Qi is extremely hot, taste is bitter, sweet, and acrid. It has toxicity.
Bencao states: It primarily promotes the action of drugs, killing various evil toxic vapors. It can circulate through all meridians without stopping, similar in effect to Fuzi (Aconite Lateral Root). The acrid taste can disperse, the bitter taste can descend, and the sweet taste resides in the middle and has a moderating effect. As a guiding agent, it can circulate through the exterior of the whole body, reaching the highest parts. If the taste is bland, it promotes urination and accelerates downward purgation. The waters of the great ocean may freeze into ice, but only wine does not freeze. Three men traveled in the morning, encountering severe cold; one who ate porridge became ill; one with an empty stomach died; one who drank wine remained safe. Thus, it is known that its nature is extremely hot.
Also named Cu (Vinegar), also named Xi (Acetum).
Qi is warm, taste is sour. Non-toxic.
Ye states: It astringes throat sores, treats abscesses and swelling, dissipates water qi, and kills evil toxins. I initially recorded the entry for "Ku Jiu" from Bencao. Benjing says it is also named Xi, and also named Ku Jiu, as if referring to the same substance. Upon reading Jingui Yaolue, treating jaundice, there is Mahuang Chunjiu Tang: On the right, use five sheng of fine clear wine, boil to two sheng; this wine is Ku Jiu. Previously, treating Huang Han (Yellow Sweat), there is Huangqi Shaoyao Guizhi Kujiu Tang.
It is Jiaoyi (Malt Syrup).
Qi is warm, taste is sweet. Non-toxic.
Enters the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian.
Ye states: It tonifies deficiency and fatigue, stops thirst, and removes blood stasis. Because its color is purple-black and solidified like deep amber, it is called Jiaoyi. Those that are white and dry are not Jiaoyi, but Xingtang (thin syrup), which is not used medicinally. It should not be used for those with fullness in the middle jiao, and those vomiting must strictly avoid it. As a medicine for the Foot-Taiyin Meridian. Zhang Zhongjing stated that those who vomit should not use Jianzhong Tang, due to the sweet nature.
Qi is cold, taste is bitter, belongs to Yin. Non-toxic.
Xiang states: It treats headache caused by Shanghan, irritability, and chest fullness. Used raw.
Zhen states: It removes mental restlessness and regret (Ao Nu) in the heart.
Bencao states: It primarily treats headache and alternating chills and fever caused by Shanghan. When Shanghan is first perceived with headache and internal heat, and the pulse is surging, after one or two days, prepare this modified Congchi Tang: A handful of Scallion White (Congbai), one sheng of Fermented Soybean (Chidou), wrapped in silk. Use three sheng of water, decoct to obtain one sheng, take in one dose to induce sweating. If no sweat occurs, add three liang of Kudzu Root (Gegen), five sheng of water, decoct to two sheng, divide into two doses. If still no sweat, add three liang of Ephedra Herb (Mahuang), remove the nodes.