气平微寒，味甘。阳也。无毒。
《本草》云∶主心腹鬼疰，精物老魅，咳逆，泄利脓血，女子漏下，症瘕坚结，小儿热
气惊痫。疗心腹烦满，四肢痿枯，汗出，夜卧自惊。恚怒伏气在心下，不得喘息。肠痈内疽
，阴蚀。止汗，缩小便，溺血。养精神，定魂魄，安五脏。
《本经》云∶涩可去脱而固气。
成无己云∶龙骨、牡蛎、铅丹，皆收敛神气以镇惊。凡用，烧通赤为粉。畏石膏。
《珍》云∶固大肠脱。
气温，味辛。无毒。
《本草》云∶主辟恶气。杀鬼精物，疗温疟，蛊毒痫痉，去三尸虫。疗诸凶邪鬼气，中
恶心腹暴痛，胀急痞满，风毒。妇人产难，堕胎。
气平，味苦。有小毒。
《本草》云∶主惊痫寒热，热盛狂痉。逐鬼除邪。疗小儿百病，诸痫热，口噤不开，大
人癫狂。又堕胎。久服，令人不忘。又云∶磨指甲上黄者，为真。又云∶定魂魄。人参为使
。得牡丹、菖蒲，利耳目。恶龙骨、龙胆、地黄，畏牛漆。
气寒，味苦。酸、咸，微寒。无毒。
《象》云∶治伤寒温疫头痛，安心神，止烦乱，明目镇惊。治中风失音，小儿麸豆，风
热惊痫。镑用。
《本草》云∶主百毒蛊疰，邪鬼瘴气。杀钩吻、鸩羽、蛇毒，除邪，不迷惑，魇寐。疗
伤寒温疫头痛、寒热，诸毒瓦斯。能治一切疮肿，破血。
《液》云∶升麻代犀角说，并见升麻条下。易老疗畜血分三部∶上焦畜血，犀角地黄汤
；中焦畜血，桃仁承气汤；下焦畜血，抵当汤、丸，丸但缓于汤耳。三法的当，后之用者，
无以复加。
龙骨：气味平和，微寒，味甘。属阳。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治心腹部的鬼疰（一种由邪气引起的慢性消耗性疾病），精怪老魅（指各种精怪邪气），咳嗽气逆，腹泻痢疾伴脓血，女子经血淋漓不尽，腹部结块坚硬，小儿热气引发的惊风癫痫。治疗心腹部烦闷胀满，四肢痿软枯瘦，出汗，夜间睡眠时容易惊醒。愤怒导致的气机郁伏在心下，无法顺畅呼吸。肠痈（肠道化脓性炎症）和体内疽疮，阴部腐蚀溃烂。止汗，缩小便，尿血。滋养精神，安定魂魄，安养五脏。
《本经》记载：涩味可以去除滑脱之症从而固护正气。
成无己说：龙骨、牡蛎、铅丹，都能收敛神气以镇惊安神。凡入药使用，需烧至通红后研磨成粉。畏忌石膏。
《珍珠囊》记载：固摄大肠滑脱。
犀角：气温，味辛。无毒。
《本草》记载：主治驱除恶气。杀死鬼精物（指致病的邪祟），治疗温疟（具有发热特征的疟疾），蛊毒（中蛊中毒）、癫痫痉挛，去除三尸虫（道教认为寄居人体内的三种害虫）。治疗各种凶险邪气，心腹突然疼痛，胀急痞满，风毒。妇人难产，堕胎。
玳瑁：气味平和，味苦。有小毒。
《本草》记载：主治惊风癫痫伴寒热，热盛导致的狂乱痉挛。驱逐鬼邪。治疗小儿百病，各种热性癫痫，口噤不开（牙关紧闭），成人癫狂。又能堕胎。长期服用，使人记忆力增强。又说：磨取指甲上的黄色部分，才是真品。又说：能安定魂魄。人参作为引经药。得到牡丹、石菖蒲，能通利耳目。畏忌龙骨、龙胆草、地黄，畏惧牛漆。
犀角：气寒，味苦。酸、咸，微寒。无毒。
《医学启源》记载：治疗伤寒温疫引起的头痛，安心神，止烦乱，明目镇惊。治疗中风失音，小儿误吞麸豆，风热引发的惊痫。镑片使用。
《本草》记载：主治百毒蛊疰，邪鬼瘴气。杀死钩吻、鸩羽、蛇毒，驱除邪气，不迷惑，不被噩梦困扰。治疗伤寒温疫引起的头痛、寒热，各种毒瓦斯。能治疗一切疮肿，破血。
《汤液本草》记载：升麻替代犀角的说法，并见升麻条目下。易老（张元素）治疗蓄血证分三部：上焦蓄血，用犀角地黄汤；中焦蓄血，用桃仁承气汤；下焦蓄血，用抵当汤、丸，丸剂比汤剂作用缓和些。这三种方法非常恰当，后世使用者，没有能超越的。
Longgu (Fossilized Bones): The nature is neutral and slightly cold, the flavor is sweet. It belongs to Yang. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It governs Guizhu (a chronic wasting disease caused by evil qi) in the heart and abdomen, spirits and old demons, cough with reverse flow of Qi, diarrhea and dysentery with pus and blood, leukorrhea or metrorrhagia in women, hard and fixed masses (Zhengjia), and pediatric convulsive epilepsy due to heat Qi. It treats vexation and fullness in the heart and abdomen, flaccidity and atrophy of the four limbs, sweating, spontaneous fright during sleep. It addresses Qi stagnation hidden under the heart due to anger, preventing normal breathing. It treats intestinal abscesses and internal carbuncles, erosion of the yin organs. It stops sweating, reduces urination, and treats hematuria. It nourishes the spirit, stabilizes the Hun and Po, and calms the Five Zang organs.
The Classic of Materia Medica (Shennong Bencao Jing) states: Astringency can remove slippage and consolidate Qi.
Cheng Wuji says: Longgu, Muli (Oyster Shell), and Qiandan (Lead Tetroxide) all converge the Shen (Spirit) to calm fright. When used, it must be calcined until red-hot and ground into powder. It is incompatible with Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum).
Zhenzhu Nang states: It secures rectal prolapse.
Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn): The nature is warm, the flavor is acrid. It is non-toxic.
Bencao states: It repels evil Qi. It kills spirits and evil entities, treats Warm Malaria, Gu poison, epilepsy, and spasms, and eliminates the Three Corpses parasites. It treats various ominous evil Qi, sudden abdominal pain from central poisoning, distension and fullness, and Wind toxicity. It treats difficult labor in women and induces abortion.
Daimai (Hawksbill Turtle Shell): The nature is neutral, the flavor is bitter. It has slight toxicity.
Bencao states: It treats convulsive epilepsy with cold and heat, mania and spasms due to excessive heat. It drives away ghosts and removes evil. It treats a hundred diseases in children, various heat-type epilepsies, trismus (lockjaw), and adult mania. It also induces abortion. Long-term use enhances memory. It is stated that the yellow part on the nails should be ground for authenticity. It stabilizes the Hun and Po. Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) serves as an assistant herb. Combined with Mudan Pi (Moutan Cortex) and Changpu (Acorus Rhizome), it benefits the ears and eyes. It is antagonistic to Longgu, Longdan Cao (Gentian Root), and Dihuang (Rehmannia Root), and fears Niuxi (though text says Niuxi, likely referring to a specific toxic plant or preparation context, literally "Cow Lacquer").
Xijiao (Rhinoceros Horn): The nature is cold, the flavor is bitter. Sour, salty, slightly cold. Non-toxic.
Yixue Qiyuan states: It treats headache due to Shanghan (Cold Damage) and epidemic febrile diseases, calms the Shen, stops confusion, brightens the eyes, and calms fright. It treats aphasia due to Wind-stroke, pediatric aspiration of bran or beans, and wind-heat induced convulsive epilepsy. It is used in shaved slices.
Bencao states: It governs hundred poisons, Gu infections, evil ghosts, and miasma. It kills Gouwen (Veratrum), Zhen feathers, and snake venom, removes evil, prevents confusion, and wards off nightmares. It treats headache and chills/fever due to Shanghan and epidemic febrile diseases, and various toxic vapors. It treats all sores and swellings, and breaks blood stasis.
Tangye Bencao states: The theory of using Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) as a substitute for Xijiao is discussed under the Shengma entry. Yi Lao (Zhang Yuansu) treated Blood Stasis by three regions: Upper Jiao blood stasis uses Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhino-Horn and Rehmannia Decoction); Middle Jiao blood stasis uses Tao Ren Chengqi Tang (Peach Kernel and Magnolia Bark Decoction); Lower Jiao blood stasis uses Didang Tang and Wan (Tablet), where the tablet action is slower than the decoction. These three methods are most appropriate; later users have not surpassed them.