凡是检验尸体的文书,必须详细列出:死者的尸体最初是在哪里发现的?是如何放置的?该地点的四至边界是什么?现场有什么衣物?逐一检查并记录各项细节。
尸体上是否有刺青(雕青)、灸疮留下的疤痕?以前是否有肢体残缺或骨折?以及是否有驼背、佝偻、拳曲、跛行、秃头、青紫黑红色的痣、肉瘤、蹄形脚等种种身体特征,都要一一在检验文书中记载,以便验证欺诈伪证,追溯本源进行推究审讯;另外,对于没有姓名标识的无名尸体,日后若有骨肉亲属前来陈诉辨认时,就要依靠检验文书来证实辨别。现在的检验文书,如果过于简略,叙述不完整,就会妨碍日后长期的查阅使用。况且检验尸体,原本就是因为非正常死亡、狱中囚犯、军人以及无主死者等情况,才委派官员进行定案检验,同时官府也凭借检验文书作为推究审讯的依据,怎么可以疏忽大意呢?更何况检验尸体不当,导致的罪责不轻。担任此职的人,务必深入探究此事。
For any inspection record (Yanzhuang), it is necessary to list in detail: Where was the deceased's body originally found? How was it positioned? What are the four boundaries of that location? What clothing was present at the scene? Each item must be individually inspected and recorded.
Whether the body has tattoos (Diaoqing) or scars from moxibustion (Jiaban)? Whether there were pre-existing limb deformities or fractures? And whether there are various physical conditions such as kyphosis (Yu Lou), hunchback, clubbed hands/feet (Quan Bo), lameness (Po), alopecia (Tu Tou), blue-purple-black-red nevi (Qing Zi Hei Se Hong Zhi), lipomas (Rou Liu), or cloven hooves (Ti Zhong), all these conditions must be recorded one by one in the inspection document. This serves to verify fraud and false evidence, trace the origins, and conduct thorough investigations; furthermore, for unidentified bodies without name tags, if relatives come forward later to claim and identify the remains, the inspection document will be used for verification and identification. If current inspection records are too brief and incomplete in their descriptions, it will hinder future reference and usage. Moreover, corpse inspections are primarily conducted for unnatural deaths, prison inmates, military personnel, and unclaimed bodies, where officials are commissioned to determine the facts. The judicial authorities also rely on the inspection documents as the basis for investigation and interrogation; how can they be negligent? Furthermore, improper corpse inspection leads to serious legal consequences. Those holding this responsibility must thoroughly investigate and adhere to these standards.