议曰老矣见孙长大方子不惟骄恣之甚复加爱惜伤天不任用也睡思既浓犹令咀嚼火阁既暖
犹令
欲酌卧盖重衾犹令衣着抚拍顾爱常衣裹作(以手掌就衣服裹拍背引风疾)指物言虫惊因戏谑莫
觑庙识心情闪烁危坐放手我笑渠恶欲令喜笑胁肋指凿门非仕宦莫与扎脚年不及时莫常梳掠表
里无恙莫频服药戏谑之物不可恣乐刀剑凶具勿可与捉莫近猿猴(伤志也)莫抱鸦雀(损眼也)抱
男观书抱女观作(女任务也)男方学行勿令绰略儿方学语勿令挥霍会坐莫久腰背卸却行莫令早
筋骨柔弱恶莫与顾善可与学顺时调摄自然安乐雷鸣击鼓莫与掩耳眠卧过时须令早起饮食饱饫
须当戒止非时莫衣常食莫美羹蔬宜淡滋味脓屎夜莫停灯昼莫说鬼睡莫当风坐莫近水笑极与和
哭极与喜智者当知抚育至理
议曰溥天之下产育既同将护之因有所不同者贫富之谓欤然富与贵饮食卧具有益于儿母贫
贱又
何以言之古人有云病不服药谓之中医正如此说外护寒邪内节饮食审物顺时何疾之有前云富与
贵伤其大过贫与贱用所不及然不及之意乃与中医之言得其所哉旦如变蒸之候数至其时温热有
作令儿渐固舒展筋骨生长百脉和顺经络自然之理何必加药凡儿渐长必渐饮食东西南北地产果
瓜田种 稻山有粟麦野有蕨笋鱼有溪池木有清浊人之所生随土地之所宜饮食亦随其所有南人
不堪食北物以面为膳以枣为蔬北人何可食南物以鱼为菜以詹为饭(詹城米)近海啖之咸鹾居山
食之野味北果多凉南果多热东果多酸西果多涩岂宜多食五脏六腑强纳疾病生焉凡小儿心之有
病不可食咸卤肺之有病不宜食焦若肝之有病不宜食辛辣脾之有病不宜食馊酸肾之有病不宜食
甘甜盖由助其它气而害于我也莲子鸡头能通心气石榴余甘大涩肠胃干柿煮蔗犹能益肺蒸藕炊
豆于肝宜利五味唯枣(五味子足)脾家可意肺病忌食肥腻鹅鸭鱼虾渔盐膻腥咸鹾之类脾病忌食
生冷甘甜包气之物谓馒头包子馄饨鸭卵肚脏夹饼皆包气之物心病忌食心血髓肾鸡羊炙膊烩炒
煎炸木肝病忌食肺头肚猪雀油腻湿面应小儿不问有病无病并不可与食腰子及肚髓心血令患走
马疳候葱韭薤蒜荽 亦不可与食令儿心气壅结水窦不通三焦虚神情昏昧飞禽瓦雀不可与食令
儿生疮癣 疥烦躁遁闷 鲞虾蟹鳗鳝螺蛳螃蚬之类不可与食令儿肠胃不禁或泄或痢或通或闭
食甜成疳食饱伤气食冷成积食酸损智食苦耗神食咸闭气食肥生痰食辣伤肺食味淡薄脏腑清气
乃是爱其子惜其儿故与禁忌若也恣与饱饫重与滋味乃是惜而不爱怜之有伤以至丁奚 露疾作
无辜救疗无门悔之不及育子之家当宜知之理宜戒之
议曰:我年事已高,见孙子长大,方子(指孩子的性情)不仅骄纵放肆到了极点,再加上过分爱惜,反而伤害了天性,不能任其发展。孩子睡眠深沉时,还让他咀嚼食物;火阁(取暖设施)既温暖,还让他随意活动;斟酌着让孩子盖厚重的被子睡觉,还让他穿着衣服;抚摸拍打背部以预防风疾(如惊风等病),指着物品说虫子,因嬉戏戏谑而不要轻视庙识(指对神灵或礼仪的认知);心情闪烁不定,危坐放手,我笑他也恶,想让他喜笑,胁肋处指凿门(一种游戏或动作),如果不是仕宦之家就不要与他扎脚(玩耍);年龄不合时宜,不要经常梳头梳理;表里无恙(身体内外健康)时,不要频繁服药;嬉戏之物不可放纵快乐;刀剑凶器不要给他拿;不要靠近猿猴(会损伤志气);不要抱鸦雀(会损害眼睛);抱男孩要让他看书,抱女孩要看她做女红(女性任务);男孩刚开始学走路,不要让他疏忽大意;孩子刚开始学说话,不要让他挥霍无度;会坐时不要久坐,以免腰背松弛;行走不要让太早,以免筋骨柔弱;厌恶的事物不要让他看,善良的事物可以让他学习;顺应时节调理摄养,自然安乐;雷鸣击鼓时不要让他掩耳;睡觉过了时间必须让他早起;饮食过饱必须戒止;非时令的食物不要穿用(此处疑为“食用”之误,结合上下文指饮食),常食羹蔬宜清淡滋味;脓屎(排泄物)夜里不要停灯,白天不要说鬼话;睡觉不要对着风口坐,不要靠近水边;笑极时要给予平和,哭极时要给予喜悦;智者应当知道抚育的至理。
议曰:普天之下,生育养育的大原则相同,但护理照顾却因不同情况而有差异,这是贫富的区别吗?然而富贵者的饮食卧具虽然有益,但对于贫贱者又该如何呢?古人有云:“生病不服药,这叫做中医(中等水平的医生/治疗)”,正是这个意思。外在防护寒邪,内在节制饮食,审察事物顺应时节,有什么疾病会产生呢?前文说富贵者容易伤害过大,贫贱者使用不足。然而“不及”的意思,正与“中医”的说法相契合,得其恰当之处。例如变蒸(小儿生长发育过程中的生理现象)的时候,数到那个时辰,温热会有发作,让孩子逐渐巩固,舒展筋骨,生长百脉,和顺经络,这是自然的道理,何必加药?凡是孩子渐渐长大,必然渐渐饮食。东西南北各地出产的果瓜、田种的稻、山里的粟麦、野外的蕨笋,鱼在溪池,木有清浊之分。人生随土地适宜而生,饮食也随当地所有而定。南方人吃不惯北方的食物,以面为膳,以枣为蔬;北方人怎么可以吃南方的食物?以鱼为菜,以詹城米为饭。近海的人吃咸盐,居山的人吃野味。北方的果实多凉性,南方的果实多热性,东方的果实多酸味,西方的果实多涩味。岂能多吃?五脏六腑强行接纳,疾病就会发生。凡是小儿心脏有病,不可以吃咸卤食物;肺脏有病不宜吃焦糊食物;肝脏有病不宜吃辛辣食物;脾脏有病不宜吃馊酸食物;肾脏有病不宜吃甘甜食物。这是因为助长它脏之气而伤害本脏。莲子、鸡头能通心气;石榴、余甘子大涩肠胃;干柿、煮蔗犹能益肺;蒸藕、炊豆于肝宜利。五味中只有枣(补五味子之足)适合脾家;肺病忌食肥腻,鹅鸭鱼虾渔盐膻腥咸卤之类;脾病忌食生冷甘甜包气之物,谓馒头包子馄饨鸭卵肚脏夹饼皆包气之物;心病忌食心血髓肾鸡羊炙膊烩炒煎炸;木肝病忌食肺头肚猪雀油腻湿面。应验小儿不问有病无病,并不可与食腰子及肚髓心血,令患走马疳候;葱韭薤蒜荽亦不可与食,令儿心气壅结水窦不通三焦虚神情昏昧;飞禽瓦雀不可与食,令儿生疮癣疥烦躁遁闷;鲞虾蟹鳗鳝螺蛳螃蚬之类不可与食,令儿肠胃不禁或泄或痢或通或闭。食甜成疳,食饱伤气,食冷成积,食酸损智,食苦耗神,食咸闭气,食肥生痰,食辣伤肺。食味淡薄,脏腑清气,乃是爱其子惜其儿故与禁忌。若也恣与饱饫重与滋味,乃是惜而不爱,怜之有伤,以至丁奚露疾作,无辜救疗无门,悔之不及。育子之家当宜知之,理宜戒之。
Translation:
It is said: I am old, seeing my grandson grow up. His disposition is not only extremely arrogant and willful, but excessive affection further harms his natural constitution, preventing him from developing properly. When the child sleeps deeply, he is still made to chew food; when the heating chamber is warm, he is still allowed to move about freely; while considering heavy quilts for him to sleep under, he is still dressed in clothes; patting and stroking the back to prevent wind diseases (such as convulsions), pointing at objects and calling them insects, not taking lightly of ritual knowledge due to playfulness; with a flickering mind, sitting upright and letting go, laughing or showing dislike, wanting him to laugh joyfully, pointing at the ribs as if drilling doors, not associating with those of official families for foot games; if the age is inappropriate, do not comb frequently; when the interior and exterior are healthy, do not administer medicine frequently; playful items should not be indulged in; sharp or dangerous tools should not be given to hold; do not approach monkeys (which harm the Will/Zhi); do not hold starlings or sparrows (which damage the eyes); holding boys, let them read books; holding girls, let them observe female tasks (needlework); when boys begin to learn walking, do not let them be negligent; when children begin to speak, do not let them be extravagant or careless; when able to sit, do not sit for long periods to avoid loose waist and back; do not walk too early to avoid weak bones and tendons; do not show things they dislike, but allow them to learn from good examples; adjust and nourish according to the seasons for natural peace and joy; when thunder rolls or drums beat, do not cover their ears; if sleeping past the proper time, must make them rise early; if overfed, must restrain; non-seasonal foods should not be eaten; daily soups and vegetables should have light flavors; do not keep lights on at night for excrement; do not speak of ghosts during the day; do not sleep facing the wind; do not sit near water; when laughing excessively, provide calmness; when crying excessively, provide joy; wise people should know the ultimate principles of nurturing.
It is said: Under the whole heaven, the principles of childbirth and rearing are the same, but care and nursing differ, is this due to wealth and poverty? However, although rich and noble diets and bedding are beneficial to the child, what about the poor and lowly? The ancients said, "Not taking medicine when sick is considered 'Zhong Yi' (middle-level treatment)," which is exactly right. Externally protect against cold pathogens, internally regulate diet, examine things and follow the seasons, and what disease would arise? Previously it was said that the rich and noble cause excessive harm, while the poor and lowly suffer from insufficiency. However, the meaning of "insufficiency" aligns with the concept of "Zhong Yi," finding its appropriate place. For instance, during Bian Zheng (physiological changes in infant development), when the time comes, slight heat may appear, allowing the child to gradually solidify, stretch muscles and bones, grow hundred vessels, and harmonize meridians—this is natural law. Why add medicine? As children grow, their diet changes. Fruits and melons vary by region: rice in fields, millet and wheat in mountains, ferns and bamboo shoots in the wild, fish in streams, wood clear or turbid. Humans are born according to local suitability, and diet follows local availability. Southerners cannot eat Northern foods; they use flour for meals and dates for vegetables. How can Northerners eat Southern foods? They use fish for dishes and Zancheng rice for staple food. Those near the sea eat salty preserved foods; those in mountains eat game. Northern fruits are mostly cool in nature; Southern fruits are mostly hot; Eastern fruits are mostly sour; Western fruits are mostly astringent. How can one eat too much? Forcing the five zang and six fu organs leads to disease. If a child has heart disease, they should not eat salty or briny foods; lung disease, no charred foods; liver disease, no spicy/pungent foods; spleen disease, no sour/rancid foods; kidney disease, no sweet foods. This is because these flavors strengthen other organs' qi and harm the affected organ. Lotus seeds and cornelian cherries can unblock heart qi; pomegranates and phyllanthus are very astringent to the intestines and stomach; dried persimmons and boiled sugarcane benefit the lungs; steamed lotus root and cooked beans benefit the liver. Among the five flavors, only jujube (supplementing Wuweizi) suits the spleen; lung disease forbids fatty/greasy foods like goose, duck, fish, shrimp, salted/fishy/salty items; spleen disease forbids raw/cold/sweet/gas-producing foods like mantou, baozi, wontons, duck eggs, offal sandwiches—all gas-producing items; heart disease forbids blood, marrow, kidneys, chicken, mutton, roasted shoulders, braised/stir-fried/deep-fried foods; liver disease forbids lung, head, tripe, pig, sparrow, greasy/wet dough foods. Regardless of whether a child is sick or healthy, do not give kidney beans, tripe, marrow, or blood, as this causes "Zou Ma Gan" (gangrenous stomatitis); scallions, leeks, alliums, garlic, and cilantro should also be avoided, as they cause heart qi stagnation, block water passages, and lead to sanjiao deficiency with mental confusion; birds and sparrows should not be eaten, causing sores, tinea, eczema, irritability, and depression; dried fish, shrimp, crab, eel, loach, snails, clams, etc., should not be eaten, causing intestinal intolerance, diarrhea, dysentery, obstruction, or constipation. Sweet food causes malnutrition (gan syndrome); overeating damages qi; cold food causes accumulation; sour food damages intelligence; bitter food consumes spirit; salty food blocks qi; fatty food generates phlegm; spicy food injures the lungs. Eating bland flavors preserves the clear qi of the zang and fu organs. This is loving and cherishing one's child by setting taboos. To indulge in overeating and heavy flavors is to cherish without love, harming the affection, leading to conditions like Ding Xi or Lu Ji, leaving no cure for Wugu disease, regretting too late. Families raising children should know this and strictly observe these principles.