观形观气要精通，禀受元来自不同，细察盈亏明部分，随机用药见奇功。
形者，面色也。气者，神气也。张吉夫云∶小儿证候，不可取之一端，在表里相应，
随机消息，岂胶柱调瑟者所能观其形而知其证哉？信斯言也。况小儿虚实，有非系乎肥
瘦，而系乎气色者，何以言之，盖有肥而气怯，瘦而气壮，气怯则色必嫩，其为虚可知
矣。气壮则色必盛，其为实可知矣。由是论之，五脏之气，皆形于面部，肝青、心赤、肺
白、肾黑、脾黄，是其本体。肝旺于春，心旺于夏，肺旺于秋，肾旺于冬，各七十二日，
脾寄旺于四季后一十八日，是其本位。然有时乎不春不冬，而面变青黑者，非肝之与肾
也。不秋不夏而面变赤白者，亦非心之与肺也。盖五脏之气，层见叠出，随证流形，初
无一定，忽然青黑主乎痛，忽然赤者主乎热，忽然白者主乎冷，忽然黄者主乎积。此其气
之开阖，非系乎时，非拘乎位。又如心主颏，肝主眼，并左睑，脾主唇之上下，肺主右睑，
肾主耳前颏（音孩）外，其形或见于位，或露于他部，所谓不可取之一端，明其义也。且脾主
唇之上下为吐泻，或患痢日久，然其色黑则肾之乘脾，水反克土，名为强胜，其藏或败
耳。肝主眼并左睑，其色青，本色也，主惊骇风痰发动，是为顺证。若见白色，乃肺之
克肝，即为逆证。以此推考，变而通之，存乎其人，学人留心于此，诚有用焉。
观察小儿的形体与气色必须精通，因为每个孩子的先天禀赋原本就各不相同。需要细致地察看病情的虚实盈亏，明确病位所在，根据具体情况灵活用药，才能见到奇效。
所谓“形”，指的是面色；所谓“气”，指的是神气（精神气息）。张吉夫说：小儿的病证候，不能仅凭单一方面的表现来判断，必须表里相互参照，随机应变地分析病情，难道那些拘泥固执、不知变通的人能够仅仅通过观察外形就知道具体的病证吗？相信这番话是有道理的。况且小儿的虚证实证，并不一定取决于体型的肥瘦，而是取决于气色的变化。为什么这样说呢？大概有体型肥胖但气机怯弱者，也有体型消瘦但气机壮盛者。气机怯弱则面色必然娇嫩，这显然是虚证；气机壮盛则面色必然红润光泽，这显然是实证。由此推论，五脏之气都会反映在面部：肝对应青色，心对应赤色，肺对应白色，肾对应黑色，脾对应黄色，这是它们本来的颜色。肝气旺盛于春季，心气旺盛于夏季，肺气旺盛于秋季，肾气旺盛于冬季，各主七十二天；脾气寄旺于四季末各十八天，这是它们的本位。然而有时并非春季或冬季，而面色变为青黑色的，这并不是肝病或肾病；并非秋季或夏季，而面色变为赤白色的，这也并不是心病或肺病。这是因为五脏之气层层显现，随着病证流动变化，起初并没有固定的模式。忽然出现青黑色主痛证，忽然出现赤色主热证，忽然出现白色主寒证，忽然出现黄色主积滞证。这些气的开合变化，并不受季节限制，也不拘泥于固定的部位。又如心主管下巴，肝主管眼睛及左眼睑，脾主管嘴唇上下，肺主管右眼睑，肾主管耳前及下巴外侧（音同“孩”），其形态可能出现在对应的部位，也可能显露在其他部位，这就是所说的“不能仅凭单一方面的表现来判断”，明白了其中的道理。而且脾主管嘴唇上下，若出现吐泻症状，或者患痢疾日久，如果此时面色发黑，则是肾水乘袭脾土，即水反克土，名为“强胜”，这说明脾脏可能已经败坏。肝主管眼睛及左眼睑，若面色发青，是本色，主惊骇、风痰发动，这属于顺证。如果见到白色，则是肺金克肝木，这就属于逆证。以此类推考察，变化而通达事理，关键在于医者本人，学习中医的人留心于此，确实大有用处。
Observing the form and qi (vital energy) requires mastery, as innate endowments naturally vary. One must carefully examine the excess or deficiency to clarify the location, and apply medication flexibly according to circumstances to achieve remarkable results.
"Form" refers to facial complexion; "qi" refers to spirit and vital breath. Zhang Jifu stated: Pediatric syndromes cannot be judged by a single aspect; one must correlate interior and exterior, and adjust analysis dynamically. How could those who are rigid and inflexible, like someone tuning a zither with fixed bridges, observe form and know the syndrome? This statement is credible. Moreover, pediatric excess or deficiency does not necessarily depend on fatness or thinness, but on color and luster. Why is this? There are cases of fat individuals with deficient qi, and thin individuals with robust qi. Deficient qi implies a tender complexion, indicating deficiency. Robust qi implies a vibrant complexion, indicating excess. From this reasoning, the qi of the five zang organs manifests on the face: Liver corresponds to green, Heart to red, Lung to white, Kidney to black, and Spleen to yellow; these are their original colors. Liver qi peaks in Spring, Heart qi in Summer, Lung qi in Autumn, and Kidney qi in Winter, each governing seventy-two days; Spleen qi governs eighteen days at the end of each season, which is its proper position. However, when the face turns green or black outside of Spring or Winter, it is not necessarily due to Liver or Kidney disorders. When the face turns red or white outside of Autumn or Summer, it is not necessarily due to Heart or Lung disorders. This is because the qi of the five zang organs appears in layers and flows with the syndrome, having no fixed pattern initially. Suddenly appearing green or black indicates pain; suddenly appearing red indicates heat; suddenly appearing white indicates cold; suddenly appearing yellow indicates accumulation. The opening and closing of this qi are not bound by seasons or fixed positions. For instance, the Heart governs the chin, the Liver governs the eyes and left eyelid, the Spleen governs the upper and lower lips, the Lung governs the right eyelid, and the Kidney governs the area before the ear and outside the chin (pronounced 'hai'). These manifestations may appear in their corresponding locations or elsewhere, illustrating why one cannot judge by a single aspect. Furthermore, the Spleen governs the lips; if vomiting and diarrhea occur, or if dysentery persists for a long time, and the complexion turns black, it indicates Kidney water invading Spleen earth (water overcoming earth), named "strong overacting," suggesting the Spleen organ may be failing. The Liver governs the eyes and left eyelid; if the color is green, it is the original color, indicating fright, wind, or phlegm activation, which is a favorable syndrome. If white is seen, it indicates Lung metal overcoming Liver wood, which is an unfavorable syndrome. By deducing from this and adapting flexibly, success depends on the practitioner. Students who pay attention to this will find it truly useful.