伤寒伤暑。温凉诸证。皆邪气欺正气也。用药如对敌。药入则邪渐退。药力尽则邪
复炽。必一服周时。即详势诊脉。药对则日夜连进三五服。以邪退病安为主。此法
惟张长沙伤寒论。孙思邈千金方中载之。孙云。夏月日五夜三服。冬月日三夜五
服。必期病退而后止。如御敌者。愈驱逐愈加精锐。荡平而后班师。此万全之胜算
也。自宋以后不传。故取效寡而活人之功疏。予用此法。屡获神效。
刺志论云。气虚身热。得之伤暑。热伤气故也。痿论云。有所远行劳倦。逢大热而渴。
则阳气内伐。热舍于肾。肾者水脏也。今水不能胜火。则骨枯而髓虚。足不任身。发
为骨痿。故下经曰。骨痿者生于大热也。此湿热成痿。令人骨乏无力。故治痿独取
阳明。时当长夏。湿热大胜。蒸蒸而炽。人感之。四肢困倦。精神短少。懒于动作。胸满
气促。肢节沉痛。或气高而喘。身热而烦。心下膨痞。小便黄而少。大便溏而频。或利
出黄如糜。或如泔色。或渴或不渴。不思饮食。自汗体重。或汗少者。血先病而气不
病也。其脉中得洪缓。若湿气相搏。必加之以迟。病虽互换少瘥。其天暑湿令则一
也。宜以清燥之剂治之。内经云。阳气者卫外而为固也。炅则气泄。今暑邪干卫。故
身热自汗。以黄 、人参甘温补之为君。甘草、橘皮、当归甘辛微温。补中益气为臣。
苍术、白术、泽泻。渗利而除湿。升麻、葛根苦甘平。善解肌热。又以风胜湿也。湿胜则
食不消。而作痞满。故炒曲甘辛。青皮辛温。消食快气。肾恶燥。急食辛以润之。以黄
柏苦辛寒。借其气味。泻热补水。虚者滋其化源。以五味子、麦门冬酸甘微寒。救天
暑之伤于庚金为佐。名曰清暑益气汤。
伤寒、伤暑以及温病、凉病等各种证候，都是邪气欺侮正气所致。用药如同面对敌人，药物进入体内后邪气逐渐消退，但如果药力耗尽，邪气又会重新炽盛。因此，必须在一服药的时效内（约一昼夜），详细观察病情并诊察脉象。如果药证相符，就日夜连续服用三到五剂，以邪气退去、疾病安宁为主要目标。这种方法只有张仲景在《伤寒论》和孙思邈在《千金方》中记载过。孙思邈说：夏季白天服五次、晚上服三次；冬季白天服三次、晚上服五次。一定要等到病愈才停止。这就像抵御敌人一样，越驱逐敌人越发精锐，直到荡平敌人后才班师回朝。这是万无一失的胜利策略。自从宋代以后这种方法失传了，所以取得疗效的很少，救人的功绩也稀疏。我使用这种方法，屡次获得神奇的效果。
《素问·刺志论》说：气虚而身体发热，是由于伤暑引起的，因为热邪损伤了气。《素问·痿论》说：如果有远行劳倦，遇到大热而口渴，那么阳气就会在内攻伐，热邪留舍于肾。肾是水脏，现在水不能胜过火，就会导致骨骼枯槁而骨髓空虚，双脚无法支撑身体，发展为骨痿。所以《下经》说：骨痿是由于大热引起的。这是湿热导致痿证，使人骨骼乏力、身体虚弱。所以治疗痿证要独取阳明经。时值长夏，湿热盛行，热气蒸腾炽烈。人感受了这种邪气，会出现四肢困倦、精神不足、懒得活动、胸中胀满、气短促、关节沉重疼痛，或者气逆喘息、身体发热且烦躁、胃脘部痞满堵塞、小便黄而量少、大便溏薄而次数多，或者泻出像粥一样的黄色粪便，或者像米泔水颜色的粪便，或者口渴或不渴，不想吃东西，自汗且身体沉重，或者出汗少的情况，这是因为血先受病而气尚未受病。其脉象中见洪缓，如果湿气与热邪相搏结，脉象必定加上迟象。虽然病情略有互换好转，但天暑湿令的本质是一样的。应当用清燥的方剂来治疗。《内经》说：阳气护卫体表而固密。受热则气泄。现在暑邪侵犯卫气，所以身体发热且自汗。以黄芪、人参甘温之性补益作为君药；甘草、橘皮、当归甘辛微温，补中益气作为臣药；苍术、白术、泽泻渗利而除湿；升麻、葛根苦甘平，善于解除肌表之热，又利用风能胜湿的原理。湿气胜则食物不消化，从而产生痞满，所以用炒神曲甘辛之性，青皮辛温，消食快气。肾厌恶燥，急需食用辛味药来润燥，用黄柏苦辛寒之性，借助其气味，泻热补水。虚损者滋养其化源，用五味子、麦门冬酸甘微寒之性，救治暑邪对肺金（庚金）的伤害作为佐药。此方名为清暑益气汤。
Typhoid (Shanghan), heat-stroke (Shangshu), and various conditions of warmth and coolness are all caused by pathogenic factors bullying the healthy qi. Using medicine is like confronting an enemy; after the medicine enters, the pathogen gradually recedes, but when the medicinal force exhausts, the pathogen flares up again. It is necessary to carefully observe the condition and palpate the pulse within one dosage period. If the prescription matches the syndrome, administer three to five doses continuously day and night, with the primary goal of eliminating the pathogen and ensuring peace from disease. This method is recorded only in Zhang Zhongjing's *Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases* (*Shanghan Lun*) and Sun Simiao's *Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold* (*Qianjin Fang*). Sun said: In summer, take five doses during the day and three at night; in winter, take three doses during the day and five at night. One must continue until the disease recedes before stopping. It is like defending against enemies; the more you drive them away, the more fierce they become, and only after pacifying them do you return home. This is a foolproof strategy for victory. Since the Song Dynasty, this method has been lost, so therapeutic effects are rare, and the merit of saving lives is sparse. I have used this method and repeatedly obtained miraculous effects.
The *Treatise on Acupuncture* (*Cizhi Lun*) states: Qi deficiency with body heat results from heat-stroke, because heat damages qi. The *Treatise on Flaccidity* (*Weilun*) states: If one travels far and becomes fatigued, encountering intense heat and thirst, then yang qi attacks internally, and heat lodges in the Kidney. The Kidney is the water organ. Now, if water cannot overcome fire, bones will wither and marrow will become empty, feet will be unable to support the body, developing into bone flaccidity (*Guwei*). Thus, the *Lower Classic* says: Bone flaccidity arises from great heat. This is damp-heat causing flaccidity, making people feel bone weakness and lack of strength. Therefore, treating flaccidity focuses exclusively on the Yangming channel. During late summer, damp-heat prevails, steaming and blazing intensely. When humans contract this pathogen, they experience limb fatigue, shortness of spirit, reluctance to move, chest fullness, shortness of breath, heaviness and pain in joints, or upward rushing qi with panting, body heat with irritability, epigastric distension and stuffiness, yellow and scanty urine, loose and frequent stools, or diarrhea with yellow mush-like stool or rice-water colored stool, thirst or no thirst, loss of appetite, spontaneous sweating with heavy body, or scanty sweating (indicating blood was affected first while qi was not). The pulse presents as surging and slow (*Honghuan*). If dampness combines with heat, a slow pulse (*Chi*) will be added. Although symptoms may interchange slightly and improve, the heavenly heat and damp command remain the same. It is appropriate to treat it with clearing and drying agents. The *Inner Canon* states: Yang qi guards the exterior and secures it. Heat causes qi to leak. Now, heat-pathogen harasses the defensive qi, causing body heat and spontaneous sweating. Astragalus (*Huangqi*) and Ginseng (*Renshen*), sweet and warm, tonify as sovereign herbs. Licorice (*Gancao*), Tangerine Peel (*Chenpi*), and Angelica Sinensis (*Danggui*), sweet, acrid, and slightly warm, tonify the middle and benefit qi as minister herbs. Atractylodes Rhizome (*Cangzhu*), White Atractylodes Rhizome (*Baizhu*), and Alisma Rhizome (*Zexie*), promote urination and drain dampness. Cimicifuga Rhizome (*Shengma*) and Pueraria Root (*Gegen*), bitter, sweet, and neutral, excel at releasing muscle-layer heat, utilizing wind to overcome dampness. Excess dampness prevents food digestion, leading to fullness and stagnation, so Fried Medicated Leaven (*Qu*), sweet and acrid, and Green Tangerine Peel (*Qingpi*), acrid and warm, digest food and move qi. The Kidney dislikes dryness; urgently eat acrid substances to moisten it. Phellodendron Bark (*Huangbai*), bitter, acrid, and cold, borrows its flavor and aroma to clear heat and nourish water. For deficiency, nourish the source of transformation. Schisandra Berry (*Wuweizi*) and Ophiopogon Tuber (*Maidong*), sour, sweet, and slightly cold, rescue the lung metal (Geng Metal) injured by heavenly heat as assistant herbs. This formula is named Qing Shu Yi Qi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Benefit Qi Decoction).