自汗者，不因发散，自然汗出也。伏邪中溃，气通得汗，邪欲去也。若脉长洪而
数，身热大渴，宜白虎汤，得战汗方解。里证下后，续得自汗，虽二三日不止，甚则四五
日不止，身微热，热甚则汗甚，热微汗亦微，此属实，乃表有留邪也，邪尽汗止。汗不止者，
宜柴
表
当盛暑，多作自汗，宜下之。白虎证自汗详见前。若面无神色，唇口刮白，表里无阳证，喜
热饮，稍冷则畏，脉微欲绝，忽得自汗，淡而无味者为虚脱，夜发则昼死，昼发则夜亡，
急当峻补，补不及者死。大病愈后数日，每饮食及惊动即汗，此表里虚怯，宜人参养荣汤倍
黄。
里证下后，续得盗汗者，表有微邪也。若邪甚竟作自汗，伏邪中溃，则作战汗矣
。凡人目张，则卫气行于阳，目瞑，则卫气行于阴，行阳谓升发于表，行阴谓敛降于内。今
内有伏热，而又遇卫气，两阳相搏，热蒸于外则腠理开而盗汗出矣。若内伏之邪一尽，则盗汗
自止，设不止者，宜柴胡汤以佐之。时疫愈后，脉静身凉，数日后反得盗汗及自汗者，此属表
虚，宜黄 汤。
柴胡汤
柴胡（三钱） 黄芩（一钱） 陈皮（一钱） 甘草（一钱） 生姜（一钱） 大枣（二枚）
古方用人参半夏，今表里实，故不用人参。无呕吐，不加半夏。
黄 汤
黄 （三钱） 五味子（三钱） 当归（一钱） 白术（一钱） 甘草（五分）
照常煎服。如汗未止，加麻黄净根一钱五分，无有不止者，然属实常多，属虚常少，邪气盛
为实，正气夺为虚。虚实之分，在乎有热无热，有热为实，无热为虚。若颠倒误用，未免实
实虚虚之误，临证当慎。
自汗，是指没有使用发汗药，身体自然出汗的情况。伏邪在体内溃散，气机通畅而得汗，这是邪气将要离去的表现。如果脉象长洪且数，身体发热、极度口渴，适宜用白虎汤，等到出现战汗后病症才能解除。治疗里证使用下法之后，接着出现自汗，即使两三天不停止，甚至四五日不停止，身体仅有轻微发热，热势重则汗出多，热势轻则汗出少，这属于实证，是因为体表有残留的邪气，邪气排尽汗就会停止。如果汗仍不止，适宜用柴胡表（注：原文此处似有脱漏或特定方名，依上下文及常见治法，此处指代针对表邪未解之方，但原文仅列“柴 表”，结合后文“柴胡汤”及语境，暂译为柴胡类方剂以解表）。应当注意的是，正值盛夏时节，人体多出现自汗，此时适宜用下法。白虎汤证的自汗详见前文。如果面色无神，嘴唇口角苍白，表里都没有阳热证候，喜欢喝热水，稍微凉一点就感到畏寒，脉象微弱几乎摸不到，忽然出现自汗，汗液清淡无味，这属于虚脱证，夜间发作则白天死亡，白天发作则夜间死亡，急需峻补，如果补益不及则死亡。大病痊愈后几天内，每次饮食或受到惊吓就会出汗，这是因为表里虚弱怯懦，适宜用人参养荣汤并加倍黄芪用量。
治疗里证使用下法之后，接着出现盗汗的，是体表有轻微邪气。如果邪气严重竟然变成自汗，伏邪在体内溃散，就会发生战汗。大凡人们睁开眼睛时，卫气运行于阳分；闭上眼睛时，卫气运行于阴分。运行于阳分是指升发于体表，运行于阴分是指收敛沉降于体内。现在体内有伏热，又遇到卫气，两股阳气相互搏结，热气蒸腾于外导致腠理开泄而盗汗。如果体内的伏邪完全清除，盗汗自然会停止，假如汗仍不止，适宜用柴胡汤来辅助治疗。时疫痊愈后，脉象平静身体凉爽，过了几天反而出现盗汗和自汗的，这属于表虚，适宜用黄芪汤。
柴胡汤
柴胡（三钱） 黄芩（一钱） 陈皮（一钱） 甘草（一钱） 生姜（一钱） 大枣（二枚）
古方中有人参和半夏，现在因为表里实证，所以不用人参。如果没有呕吐症状，不加半夏。
黄芪汤
黄芪（三钱） 五味子（三钱） 当归（一钱） 白术（一钱） 甘草（五分）
按照常规方法煎服。如果汗仍未止，加入净根麻黄一钱五分，没有不止的。然而属实证的较多，属虚证的较少，邪气盛实为实证，正气耗损为虚证。虚实之间的区分，在于有没有热象，有热为实证，无热为虚证。如果颠倒误用，难免犯“实实虚虚”的错误，临证时必须谨慎。
Spontaneous sweating refers to sweating that occurs naturally without the use of diaphoretic (sweat-inducing) therapies. When latent pathogens (latent evil) disperse within, and qi circulation becomes smooth, sweating ensues, indicating that the pathogen is about to depart. If the pulse is long, surging, and rapid, accompanied by high fever and extreme thirst, Baihu Tang (White Tiger Decoction) is indicated; resolution occurs only after a shivering sweat (zhan han) appears. After purgation for interior syndromes, if spontaneous sweating continues for two or three days, or even up to four or five days, with only slight fever—where heavier heat leads to more sweating and lighter heat leads to less sweating—it constitutes an excess syndrome due to residual pathogens on the exterior. Sweating will cease once the pathogens are exhausted. If sweating persists, Chai Hu formulas (Bupleurum-based decoctions) should be used to address the exterior. Note that during midsummer, spontaneous sweating is common and may require purgative therapy. For spontaneous sweating associated with Baihu Tang patterns, refer to the preceding text. If the face lacks luster, lips and mouth appear pale, there are no exterior or interior yang-excess signs, the patient prefers hot drinks and fears cold, and the pulse is faint and nearly imperceptible, sudden spontaneous sweating with clear, tasteless fluid indicates collapse of deficiency. Death may occur at noon if onset is at night, or at night if onset is during the day; urgent vigorous tonification is required, otherwise death ensues. Several days after recovery from a major illness, sweating triggered by eating or fright indicates deficiency and timidity of both exterior and interior; Ren Shen Yang Rong Tang (Ginseng Nourishing Harmony Decoction) with doubled Huang Qi (Astragalus) dosage is appropriate.
If nocturnal sweating (dao han) follows purgation for interior syndromes, it indicates slight pathogens remaining on the exterior. If pathogens are severe enough to cause spontaneous sweating, or if latent pathogens disperse internally leading to shivering sweat: Generally, when eyes are open, Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) circulates in the Yang aspect; when eyes are closed, Wei Qi circulates in the Yin aspect. Circulation in Yang means ascending and emerging at the surface; circulation in Yin means contracting and descending internally. Now, with latent heat inside encountering Wei Qi, the two Yang energies contend. Heat steaming outward opens the pores (cou li), resulting in nocturnal sweating. Once internal latent pathogens are completely cleared, nocturnal sweating stops spontaneously. If it persists, Chai Hu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction) should be used as an adjunct. After recovery from epidemic febrile diseases, if the pulse is calm and body temperature normal, but nocturnal and spontaneous sweating recur several days later, this belongs to exterior deficiency; Huang Qi Tang (Astragalus Decoction) is indicated.
Chai Hu Tang (Bupleurum Decoction)
Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) 3 qian, Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) 1 qian, Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) 1 qian, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 1 qian, Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 1 qian, Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus) 2 pieces.
Ancient formulas used Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix) and Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma); however, since the current condition involves exterior-interior excess, Ren Shen is omitted. Ban Xia is not added if there is no vomiting.
Huang Qi Tang (Astragalus Decoction)
Huang Qi (Astragali Radix) 3 qian, Wu Wei Zi (Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus) 3 qian, Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 1 qian, Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 1 qian, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 0.5 qian.
Decoct and administer as usual. If sweating does not stop, add Jing Gen Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba cum radicibus purged) 1.5 qian; cessation is assured. However, excess cases are common, while deficiency cases are rare. Pathogen abundance defines excess; righteous qi depletion defines deficiency. The distinction between excess and deficiency lies in the presence or absence of heat: presence of heat indicates excess; absence indicates deficiency. Inverting these and using treatments incorrectly inevitably leads to the errors of "reinforcing excess" and "depleting deficiency"; clinical judgment must be cautious.