肠痹者,数饮而出不得,中气喘争,时发飧泄。胞痹者,少腹膀胱,按之内痛,若沃以汤,涩于小便,上
为清涕。
胃中水谷下行,由小肠变化厘清浊,清渗膀胱,浊传大肠,邪痹于肠,传化失职,津液不输,口舌干燥而
数饮,下既不化,水蓄于中不得出,与中气格争而喘息,争久则水暴泻而发飧泄,飧泄者,水谷不化,皆由肠痹
之故也。胞即胞脉,连系膀胱,胞痹气壅,故于少腹按之内痛,以其阳郁化热,故如汤沃,而涩于小便,水液
不得下泄,反被热蒸上行,而为清涕也。
阴气者,静则神藏,躁则消亡。饮食自倍,肠胃乃伤。淫气喘息,痹聚在肺;淫气忧思,痹聚在心;淫气
遗溺,痹聚在肾;淫气乏竭,痹聚在肝;淫气肌绝,痹聚在脾。诸痹不已,亦益内也。其风气胜者,其人易已也。
此言阴气谓脏气,脏为阴也,以表情欲躁扰乃伤脏,饮食不节则伤腑,因不同而同为内伤本元,因此外邪
得以聚而成痹也。夫阴平阳秘,精神乃治,故阴气静,则精神藏,若躁扰,则消耗而亡矣。饮食本以滋养,如
不节而倍多,则反伤肠胃。凡偏驳不纯者,皆名淫气,伤寒本元,本元伤则淫气聚,而正气痹矣。故如淫气而
喘息者,知其痹聚在肺也;淫气而忧思难释者,知其痹聚在心也;淫气而遗溺者,知其痹聚在肾也;淫气而乏
竭无力者,知其痹聚在肝也;淫气而肌绝者,知其痹聚在脾也。肌绝谓无阳气煦和,不知痛痒也。诸痹不已,
则内伤本元益甚也。如其风气胜者为行痹,其病易已;若寒湿阴邪,则凝滞难愈也。
帝曰∶痹,其时有死者,或疼久者,或易已者,其故何也?岐伯曰∶其入脏者死,其留连筋骨者疼久,其
留皮肤间者易已。
此言邪痹浅深不同,而愈有难易,其邪入脏,则本元气竭而死。
肠痹,表现为频繁饮水但小便排出不畅,腹部气机逆乱冲撞,时常发生完谷不化的泄泻。胞痹,表现为小腹部膀胱区域,按压时内部疼痛,感觉像被热水浇灌一样灼热,小便涩滞不畅,上部则出现清涕。
胃中的水谷向下运行,由小肠进行变化,分别清浊,清液渗入膀胱,浊物传入大肠。邪气痹阻于肠道,导致传化功能失职,津液不能输布,因此口舌干燥而频繁饮水;下部水液无法气化排出,水湿蓄积在中焦,与中气格拒相争而导致喘息,争斗久了则水液暴泻而发生完谷不化的泄泻。所谓飧泄(完谷不化的泄泻),是因为水谷不消化,这都是由于肠痹的缘故。胞即胞脉,连接系属于膀胱,胞痹导致气机壅塞,所以在小腹部按压时感到内部疼痛;因为阳气郁结化热,所以感觉像被热水浇灌,且小便涩滞;水液不能向下排泄,反而被热气蒸腾上行,从而形成清涕。
阴气,安静时神志内藏,躁动时则消耗消亡。饮食过量一倍,肠胃就会受伤。淫气(异常之气)导致喘息,痹邪聚集在肺;淫气导致忧思,痹邪聚集在心;淫气导致遗尿,痹邪聚集在肾;淫气导致乏力衰竭,痹邪聚集在肝;淫气导致肌肉萎缩坏死,痹邪聚集在脾。各种痹证久治不愈,也会进一步向内损伤脏腑。其中风气偏胜的,病人容易痊愈。
这里所说的阴气指的是脏气,脏属阴。如果情欲躁扰就会损伤脏,饮食不节制就会伤腑,虽然病因不同,但都同为内伤本元,因此外邪得以聚集而形成痹证。人体阴阳平和秘固,精神才能正常调理,所以阴气安静,则精神内藏;如果躁动不安,则消耗殆尽。饮食本来是用来滋养身体的,如果不加节制而加倍多吃,反而会伤害肠胃。凡是偏颇驳杂不纯的气,都称为淫气。伤寒损伤本元,本元受损则淫气聚集,正气因而痹阻。所以如果出现因淫气导致的喘息,就知道痹邪聚集在肺;出现因淫气导致的忧思难解,就知道痹邪聚集在心;出现因淫气导致的遗尿,就知道痹邪聚集在肾;出现因淫气导致的乏力衰竭,就知道痹邪聚集在肝;出现因淫气导致的肌肉萎缩,就知道痹邪聚集在脾。所谓肌绝,是指没有阳气的温煦和调和,不知道痛痒。各种痹证久治不愈,就会使内伤本元的情况更加严重。如果是风气偏胜形成的行痹,病情容易痊愈;如果是寒湿等阴邪,则凝滞难以治愈。
黄帝问:痹证,有的患者当时死亡,有的疼痛持久,有的容易痊愈,这是什么原因?岐伯回答:邪气侵入脏的会死亡,邪气留连在筋骨的疼痛持久,邪气停留在皮肤间的容易痊愈。
Chang Bi (Intestinal Bi Syndrome) is characterized by frequent drinking yet inability to urinate, abdominal Qi rebellion and conflict, and occasional occurrence of Sundun Xie (diarrhea with undigested food). Bao Bi (Bladder/Pelvic Bi Syndrome) is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen at the Bladder region upon palpation, a sensation as if scalded by hot water, difficult and painful urination, and clear nasal discharge from the upper body.
The food and fluids in the Stomach descend and are transformed by the Small Intestine, which separates the clear from the turbid; the clear seeps into the Bladder, while the turbid transmits to the Large Intestine. When pathogenic factors obstruct the intestines, the transmission and transformation functions fail, and body fluids are not distributed, leading to dryness of the mouth and tongue and frequent drinking. Since the water below cannot be metabolized, it accumulates in the middle jiao and conflicts with the Middle Qi, causing panting. After prolonged conflict, the water violently drains out, causing Sundun Xie. Sundun Xie refers to diarrhea with undigested food, all caused by Chang Bi. Bao refers to the Bao Mai (Pelvic Vessels), which connect to the Bladder. Bao Bi causes Qi stagnation, resulting in internal pain upon palpation of the lower abdomen. Because Yang Qi stagnates and transforms into heat, there is a sensation like being scalded by hot water, and urination becomes difficult. Since the fluid cannot drain downward, it is steamed upward by the heat, resulting in clear nasal discharge.
Yin Qi, when quiet, stores the Shen (Spirit); when restless, it dissipates and perishes. If diet doubles its usual amount, the intestines and stomach are injured. Abnormal Qi causing panting indicates Bi syndrome gathering in the Lung; abnormal Qi causing worry and rumination indicates Bi syndrome gathering in the Heart; abnormal Qi causing urinary incontinence indicates Bi syndrome gathering in the Kidney; abnormal Qi causing exhaustion and weakness indicates Bi syndrome gathering in the Liver; abnormal Qi causing muscle wasting and necrosis indicates Bi syndrome gathering in the Spleen. If various Bi syndromes do not heal, they will further damage the interior organs. Among them, those dominated by Wind Qi are easily cured.
Here, "Yin Qi" refers to Zang Qi, as the Zang organs belong to Yin. Emotional restlessness injures the Zang, while unregulated diet injures the Fu organs. Although the causes differ, both constitute internal injury to the Yuan Qi (Original Qi), allowing external pathogens to gather and form Bi syndrome. When Yin and Yang are peaceful and secure, the Spirit is regulated. Thus, when Yin Qi is quiet, the Spirit is stored; if restless, it is consumed and perished. Diet is meant to nourish; if unregulated and doubled, it damages the intestines and stomach. Any Qi that is biased, mixed, or impure is called Abnormal Qi (Yin Qi). Shanghan (Cold Damage) injures the Yuan Qi; once the Yuan Qi is damaged, Abnormal Qi gathers, and the Righteous Qi becomes obstructed. Therefore, if panting occurs due to Abnormal Qi, one knows the Bi syndrome gathers in the Lung; if worry and rumination occur due to Abnormal Qi, one knows the Bi syndrome gathers in the Heart; if urinary incontinence occurs due to Abnormal Qi, one knows the Bi syndrome gathers in the Kidney; if exhaustion and weakness occur due to Abnormal Qi, one knows the Bi syndrome gathers in the Liver; if muscle wasting occurs due to Abnormal Qi, one knows the Bi syndrome gathers in the Spleen. "Muscle wasting" refers to the lack of warming and harmonizing by Yang Qi, resulting in insensitivity to pain and itch. If various Bi syndromes do not heal, the internal injury to the Yuan Qi becomes more severe. If Wind Qi dominates, forming Xing Bi (Wandering Bi), the disease is easily cured; if Cold-Dampness or other Yin pathogens dominate, stagnation makes it difficult to cure.
The Emperor asked: Regarding Bi syndrome, why do some patients die immediately, some suffer long-term pain, and some recover easily? Qibo replied: Those where the pathogen enters the Zang organs die; those where it lingers in the sinews and bones suffer long-term pain; those where it remains between the skin and muscles recover easily.
This passage explains that because the depth of pathogenic obstruction differs, the ease or difficulty of recovery varies. If the pathogen enters the Zang organs, the Yuan Qi exhausts, leading to death.