辛、咸、苦、温，有毒。入药宜黑漆捣碎，炒令烟尽，不尔损人肠胃，若是湿漆煎干
好，亦有烧存性者，中
汤浴之，若入漆室先以
干漆，桶中自然干者，状如蜂房，孔孔隔者为佳。药市以石炭充干漆，极非也。石炭是
石类
大如巨枣，长寸余，壳内有子片，轻虚如榆荚、葵实之状，老则壳裂，随风飘扬。
甘、微辛，寒，有大毒。桐油吐人，得酒即解。
油桐，近江州。人多种莳，收子打油货，乏，亦广俗误以荏油名桐油，非也。
苦、温，平。皮有巨刺，如鼋甲之刺。
海桐叶，大如手，作三花，尖，体有巨刺，如 树，又别有海桐花，见草花谱与此不同。
即楝实。
苦、酸，寒，有小毒。酒拌蒸，待皮软刮去皮，取肉用。核肉不可同使，若
以浆水煮一
大毒，杀人
苦，微寒。取皮渍水便碧色，书纸青色者真。略刮外衣用。大戟为使恶吴茱萸、苦瓠
防葵。
咸、辛，温，有小毒。有三种，一种猪牙皂荚，全无滋润洗，垢不去；一种粗大长虚
无润；一种圆浓短促，
皮，或酥，或蜜反复炙
粉霜、硫黄、 砂。
（干漆）味辛、咸、苦，性温，有毒。入药宜用黑漆色的捣碎，炒至烟尽，否则损伤人的肠胃。如果是湿漆煎干后好的，也有烧存性的，用汤剂或药浴服用。如果进入漆室，先用干漆，桶中自然干燥的，形状像蜂房，孔孔间隔的为佳。药市上用石炭冒充干漆，极不正确。石炭是石头类。
（梧桐子）大如巨枣，长一寸多，壳内有子片，轻虚像榆荚、葵实的形状，老了则壳裂，随风飘扬。
（桐油）味甘、微辛，性寒，有大毒。桐油使人呕吐，得到酒即可解。油桐，近江州。人们多种植，收子打油贩卖，缺乏时，也广俗误以荏油名为桐油，不正确。
（海桐皮）味苦，性温，平。皮有巨刺，如鼋甲之刺。海桐叶，大如手，作三花，尖，体有巨刺，如树，又别有海桐花，见草花谱与此不同。
（楝实）即楝实。味苦、酸，性寒，有小毒。酒拌蒸，待皮软刮去皮，取肉用。核肉不可同使，若以浆水煮一，大毒，杀人。
（徐长卿）味苦，微寒。取皮渍水便碧色，书纸青色者真。略刮外衣用。大戟为使恶吴茱萸、苦瓠防葵。
（皂荚）味咸、辛，性温，有小毒。有三种，一种猪牙皂荚，全无滋润洗，垢不去；一种粗大长虚无润；一种圆浓短促，皮，或酥，或蜜反复炙粉霜、硫黄、砂。
(Ganqi, Resinaae Kansui) Pungent, salty, bitter, warm, toxic. For medicinal use, it should be black lacquer-like, crushed, and stir-fried until the smoke disappears; otherwise, it damages the stomach and intestines. If it is dried from wet lacquer, it is good; some are calcined to retain their properties, taken with decoctions or for herbal baths. If entering a lacquer room, first use Ganqi (Resinae Kansui); that which dries naturally in barrels, resembling honeycombs with distinct holes, is best. The medicine market uses charcoal to pass off as Ganqi (Resinae Kansui), which is extremely incorrect. Charcoal belongs to the stone category.
(Wutongzi, Semen Firmianae) Large as a giant date, over an inch long, containing seed flakes inside the shell, light and hollow like elm seeds or hibiscus fruits; when old, the shell cracks and scatters with the wind.
(Tongyou, Oleum Verniciflu) Sweet, slightly pungent, cold, highly toxic. Tongyou (Oleum Verniciflu) induces vomiting; wine can resolve its toxicity. Oil tung trees grow near Jiangzhou. People plant them extensively, harvest seeds to press oil for sale. When scarce, local customs mistakenly call Renyou (Oleum Perillae) as Tongyou (Oleum Verniciflu), which is incorrect.
(Haitongpi, Cortex Erythrinae) Bitter, warm, neutral. The bark has large thorns, like those on a softshell turtle's shell. Haitongye (Folium Erythrinae) is as large as a hand, with three flowers, pointed tips, and body covered in large thorns like a tree. There is also a separate Haitonghua (Flos Erythrinae), described differently in herb flower catalogs.
(Lianshi, Fructus Meliae) This is Lianshi (Fructus Meliae). Bitter, sour, cold, slightly toxic. Steam with wine mixed, scrape off the skin when soft, and use the flesh. The kernel and flesh should not be used together; if boiled in starch water, it becomes highly toxic and fatal.
(Baiji, Rhizoma Bletillae) Bitter, neutral. Harvest before flowering for medicinal use, stir-fry before application.
(Jingtian, Herba Sedis) Bitter, cold, sour, salty. Jingtian (Herba Sedis) acts as an assistant herb.
(Xuchangqing, Radix et Rhizoma Cynanchi Paniculati) Bitter, slightly cold. Soaking the bark in water turns it greenish-blue; writing on paper leaves a cyan mark indicates authenticity. Scrape off the outer layer slightly before use. Daji (Radix Euphorbiae) is an antagonist; it clashes with Wuzhuyu (Fructus Evodiae), Kuhu (Fructus Benincasae), and Fangkui (Radix Saposhnikoviae).
(Gancao, Radix Glycyrrhizae) Sweet, neutral. Remove the upper skin, stir-fry before use.
(Zaojiao, Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis) Salty, pungent, warm, slightly toxic. There are three types: one is Zhu Ya Zao Jiao (Sinensis Gleditsiae Fructus in pig-tooth shape), lacking moisture and unable to clean dirt; another is coarse, large, long, and hollow without moisture; the third is round, thick, short, and dense. The skin may be roasted with su (lard) or honey repeatedly, or processed with Fenshuang (Calomel), Liuhuang (Sulfur), and Shasha (Realgar).
(Xingren, Semen Armeniacae Amarum) Pungent, warm. Select firm and plump ones, boil thoroughly, remove the skin, take the white meat, and remove the yellow part.
(Taoren, Semen Persicae) Pungent, warm.
(Dahuang, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei) Bitter, warm. Generally, it should not be used alone. Those eaten by insects and full of holes are preferred. When preparing for medicine, avoid copper and iron vessels and sudden heat shocks. Small pieces with fine textures should be ground in a mortar and dried through paper.