即茯苓抱根而生者，去皮及心内木。畏忌同白茯苓。
茯苓诸山皆有之，药肆掘取茯苓，日干，恐其秤两有减，不候十分干透贮之，故色洁白
者殊少矣。又以其坏而色赤者假赤茯苓售之，不可不辨。又有名蕨茯苓者，乃掘蕨地得之者，
时有抱蕨根者，盖其地几千百年前松林在焉，而为人斩伐，茯苓结成于土底，以见于今日者
也，不可据目而为茯苓，亦
苦、咸，寒，有小毒。大小如栗，皮黑肉白甚坚实。甘草汤浸一夜，铜刀刮去黑皮，
拌蒸，焙干用。荔实、浓朴、芫花为使，恶蓄根、葛根，赤者杀人。
甘，平。真者极难必连桑枝采者乃为可用，别树生者气性不同，恐反有害也，其叶
微尖浓而柔，面青而光泽，背淡紫而有茸，断其茎，色淡黄者为真。
桑寄生难得真，有以用他木寄生至于陨命者，可不慎哉。然寓木亦有三四种，气类
自不同也
多以桑上瘿花充之，
苦、甘平。形状与桑寄生一样，他不皆有之，若非自采即难用也。
冯嗣宗名物疏云∶本草草部有菟丝，木部有松萝。松萝一名女萝，性味及所生全别。尔
雅云
予谓此非尔雅之误，
雅所称之女萝正是松萝，非菟丝也。
按松寄生有
色青而细长，又
也，古今释者相
松寄生，即生长在松树根部并包裹树根而生的茯苓，需去除外皮及内部木质心。其畏忌反应与白茯苓相同。
茯苓在各座山上均有生长。药店挖掘茯苓后，经日晒干燥，但恐怕称量时重量减轻，往往未等完全干透便储存起来，因此颜色洁白如雪的茯苓非常少见。又有将腐烂变色呈红色的茯苓冒充赤茯苓出售的情况，对此不可不加以辨别。还有一种名为“蕨茯苓”的，是在挖掘蕨类植物生长的地方得到的，有时能发现包裹着蕨根的茯苓，这是因为该地区在几千年前曾是松林，后被人为砍伐，茯苓在土底结成，直到今天才显露出来。这种情况不能仅凭肉眼观察就认定为普通茯苓，也不可以此作为茯苓的标准。
（关于另一种药材的描述）味甘、淡，性平。形态像猪粪一样成块状，外皮黑色，肉质白色，用水浸泡后去皮，生用。
（关于另一种药材的描述）味苦、咸，性寒，有小毒。大小像栗子，外皮黑色，肉质白色，质地非常坚实。用甘草汤浸泡一夜，用铜刀刮去黑皮，拌入辅料蒸制，焙干后使用。以荔枝核、厚朴、芫花为引使药，恶蓄根、葛根，红色的品种有毒，可致人死亡。
（关于桑寄生的描述）味甘，性平。真正的桑寄生极难获得，必须是从桑树枝上采集的才可用，生长在别的树上的寄生植物气性不同，恐怕反而有害。其叶片微尖，浓密而柔软，叶面青绿有光泽，叶背淡紫色且有绒毛，折断茎部，断面呈淡黄色的是真品。
桑寄生难以得到真品，有用其他树木的寄生植物导致丧命的案例，能不谨慎吗？然而寄生在其他树木上的植物也有三四种植，气类自然不同。
市场上多以桑树上的瘿花来冒充桑寄生，
（关于菟丝子的描述）味苦、甘，性平。形状与桑寄生相似，但不是到处都有，如果不是亲自采摘，就很难使用。
冯嗣宗在《名物疏》中说：本草草部有菟丝子，木部有松萝。松萝又名女萝，其性味及生长环境完全不同。《尔雅》说……
我认为这不是《尔雅》的错误，《尔雅》所称的女萝正是松萝，而不是菟丝子。
按松寄生有……色青而细长，又……也，古今解释者相……
Chi Fuling (Red Poria), which refers to the red-colored portion of Poria, has processing taboos identical to those of Bai Fuling (White Poria).
Song Jisheng (Viscum on Pine), which refers to Poria growing wrapped around pine roots, requires the removal of the outer skin and the inner woody core. Its contraindications are the same as those of Bai Fuling (White Poria).
Poria is found in mountains across various regions. When pharmacies dig up Poria and dry it in the sun, fearing weight loss during weighing, they often store it before it is thoroughly dried; thus, Poria with a pure white color is quite rare. Additionally, some sell rotten Poria that has turned red as a counterfeit Chi Fuling (Red Poria); this must be carefully distinguished. There is also a type called "Jue Fuling" (Fern Poria), obtained from digging in areas where ferns grow. Sometimes one finds Poria wrapped around fern roots, likely because the area was a pine forest thousands of years ago before being cleared by humans. The Poria formed underground and has only recently emerged. One cannot simply identify this as ordinary Poria based on visual inspection, nor should it be taken as the standard for Poria.
(Tacit subject: Another herb description) Sweet and bland, neutral in nature. It forms lumps resembling pig feces, with black skin and white flesh. It is soaked in water, peeled, and used raw.
(Tacit subject: Another herb description) Bitter and salty, cold in nature, with slight toxicity. It is size of a chestnut, with black skin and white flesh, very solid. It is soaked overnight in Licorice Decoction, scraped with a copper knife to remove the black skin, steamed with adjuvants, dried by baking, and then used. It acts under the guidance of Litchi Seed (Lizhi He), Magnolia Bark (Houpo), and Genkwa Flower (Yuanhua). It is incompatible with Polygonum Multiflorum Root Base (Guben) and Kudzu Root (Gegen). The red variety is poisonous and can cause death.
(Sangjisheng / Viscum Coloratum) Sweet, neutral. Authentic Sangjisheng (Mulberry Mistletoe) is extremely difficult to obtain; only those harvested from mulberry branches are usable. Those growing on other trees have different qi and properties and may cause harm. Its leaves are slightly pointed, dense, soft, green and glossy on the surface, pale purple with fuzz on the reverse side. Breaking the stem reveals a pale yellow cross-section, indicating authenticity.
Authentic Sangjisheng (Mulberry Mistletoe) is hard to find; there are cases of fatal poisoning from using mistletoe from other trees. One must be cautious. However, parasites on different trees number three or four types, differing naturally in their qi categories.
The market often substitutes Sangshang Yinghua (Galls on Mulberry) for Sangjisheng (Mulberry Mistletoe).
(Tusizi / Cuscuta Chinensis) Bitter and sweet, neutral. Its shape resembles Sangjisheng (Mulberry Mistletoe), but it is not ubiquitous. If not self-harvested, it is difficult to use properly.
Feng Sizong in *Mingwu Shu* states: In the Herbal section of Bencao, there is Tusizi (Cuscuta), and in the Woody section, there is Songluo (Dendrogyna). Songluo is also known as Nuluó, but its nature, flavor, and habitat are entirely different. *Erya* states...
I believe this is not an error in *Erya*. The Nuluó mentioned in *Erya* is indeed Songluo (Dendrogyna), not Tusizi (Cuscuta).
Regarding Songjisheng (Viscum on Pine), there are... green and slender varieties, and also... ancient and modern commentators differ...