甘，寒。淘净，晒干，入汤液炒过用，入丸散酒浸一夜，蒸熟，研烂作饼，晒干，
常山为使。
辛，寒。春夏生叶，采无时。
按闽书曰∶治痢最神，本草谓即马鞭草，非也。
苦，微寒。采无时。生下湿地，一茎五叶或七叶，开黄花，此与紫背龙牙全别，今人谓
之雄蛇莓也。
苦，寒。
酸，温。
咸、甘，寒、外国蓝靛之英华也，波斯国者不可得也，今惟以干靛充用售者复以干淀
充之，然内多锻石不可轻用，须淘之数次，取浮标用，或用青布浸汁代之。
甘、苦，微温。刮去上皮用。
甘，温。绿色，嚼之有绿豆气者良。出同州沙苑牧马草地，故谓之沙苑蒺藜，苗状似杜
蒺藜，子成颗粒，褐绿色，故又名之黑蒺
殊为不当，疑字误耳。
甘涩，四五月采苗，阴干。
苦、辛，寒。
紫花地丁今俗谓之须密列，又谓之牵驹草。其花有数色，一种沟壑边生者起蔓。
苦，温，一根丛须数百条，长者二尺许，初时黄黑色，干则深黑色，称铁脚威灵仙
此色如或黄或白者，皆不可用忌茶茗及麸面汤。
威灵仙今名九盖草者即此是也，人多以徐长卿及仙人草为威灵仙，俱非是。仙人草有毒，
苦，微寒。六月采。
苦，寒，凡用有生有熟有蒸，不得一概用，欲下行者生用，邪气在上者必须酒浸引上
高驱热而下。酒浸入太阳经，酒洗入阳明经，余经不用。酒黄芩为使，恶干漆，忌冷水。肆
中有片者、穿眼者，俱清来者也，片者润而坚硬，穿眼者轻燥不实。采时皆以火石爆干货卖，
更无生者用之亦不须更多炮炙、蒸煮。今太和山城丹后诸州皆有之，以紫地锦文
者多以羊蹄草根假之，不可不细认也。
甘，寒。淘洗干净，晒干，用于汤剂时炒过后使用；用于丸剂、散剂时，用酒浸泡一夜，蒸熟后研烂制成饼状，再晒干。以常山作为其使药。
辛，寒。春夏季节生长叶片，随时可以采集。
据《闽书》记载：治疗痢疾非常灵验，《本草》称其为马鞭草，这是错误的。
苦，微寒。随时可以采集。生长在低湿之地，一茎上有五片或七片叶子，开黄花，这与紫背龙牙完全不同，现在人们称之为雄蛇莓。
苦，寒。
酸，温。
咸、甘，寒。是外国蓝靛的精华，波斯国的蓝靛已不可得，现在只用干靛来充用，出售者又用干淀来冒充，但其中含有较多的锻石，不能轻易使用，必须多次淘洗，取浮在上面的部分使用，或者用青布浸出的汁液代替。
甘、苦，微温。刮去表皮使用。
甘，温。绿色的，嚼之有绿豆气味的是上品。出产于同州沙苑牧马草地，所以称为沙苑蒺藜，其苗状似杜蒺藜，种子成颗粒状，褐绿色，所以又名黑蒺藜。
（注：此处原文可能有误，疑为字误。）
甘涩，四五月采集苗，阴干。
苦、辛，寒。
紫花地丁现在俗称为须密列，又称为牵驹草。其花有多种颜色，一种生长在沟壑边的会起蔓。
苦，温。一根丛生着数百条须根，长的约二尺，起初呈黄黑色，干燥后变为深黑色，称为铁脚威灵仙。如果颜色发黄或发白，都不可使用。忌饮茶及麸面汤。
威灵仙现在名为九盖草的就是这种，很多人把徐长卿及仙人草当作威灵仙，都不对。仙人草有毒，
苦，微寒。六月采集。
苦，寒。凡是用到的，有生用、熟用、蒸用的区别，不能一概而论。想要药力下行的就生用，邪气在上的必须用酒浸泡以引药上行，驱热下行。酒浸后入太阳经，酒洗后入阳明经，其他经络不用。以酒黄芩作为其使药，恶干漆，忌冷水。市面上有片状的、有穿眼状的，都是经过清洗处理的，片状的滋润而坚硬，穿眼状的轻燥不实。采集时都用火石烘烤干货售卖，已经没有生的了，使用时也不需要过多的炮炙、蒸煮。现在太和山城丹后各州都有出产，以带有紫色地锦纹理的为佳，但多以羊蹄草根假冒，不能不仔细辨认。
Sweet, cold. Wash clean, dry in the sun; stir-fry before use in decoctions; soak in wine for one night, steam until cooked, grind into a paste to form cakes, then dry for use in pills and powders. Changshan (Dichroa Radix) is used as its guiding herb.
Bitter, slightly cold. Harvest the seedlings and leaves in July and August, and dry in the shade. It can suppress cinnabar and realgar.
Acrid, cold. Leaves grow in spring and summer; harvest at any time.
According to *Min Shu*: It is highly effective in treating dysentery. The *Bencao* states it is Verbena officinalis, which is incorrect.
Bitter, slightly cold. Harvest at any time. Grows in damp, low-lying areas; each stem has five or seven leaves and bears yellow flowers. This is completely different from *Perilla frutescens* var. *acuta* (Zibei Longya); people now call it Male Strawberry (Xiong Shemei).
Bitter, cold.
Sour, warm.
Salty, sweet, cold. It is the essence of foreign Indigofera tinctoria (Lan Dian). Indigo from Persia is no longer available; currently, dried indigo cake is used. Sellers often substitute it with dried indigo sediment, but this contains much calcined stone and should not be used lightly. It must be washed several times, taking only the floating part, or replaced with juice extracted from blue cloth.
Sweet, bitter, slightly warm. Scrape off the outer skin before use.
Bitter, acrid, sweet, warm. Pick clean, stir-fry to remove spines. Aconitum carmichaelii (Wutou) is used as its guiding herb.
Sweet, warm. Green ones that taste like mung beans when chewed are of good quality. Produced in the Ma pasture grasslands of Tongzhou, hence called Shayuan Tribulus (Shayuan Jili). Its foliage resembles Du Jili, and its seeds are granular, brownish-green, hence also called Black Jili.
(Note: The text here seems inappropriate, suspected to be a character error.)
Sweet and astringent, harvest seedlings in April and May, dry in the shade.
Bitter, acrid, cold.
Viola yedoensis (Zihua Diding) is commonly known as Xumili or Qianju Cao. Its flowers come in various colors; one variety growing by ditches tends to creep.
Bitter, warm. One root cluster has hundreds of fibrous roots, some up to two chi long. Initially yellow-black, turning deep black when dry, called Iron-foot Clematis (Tieji Weilingxian). If the color is yellow or white, it should not be used. Avoid tea and wheat bran soup.
Weilingxian, now named Jiugai Cao, refers to this species. Many people mistake Xu Changqing and Xianren Cao for Weilingxian, which is incorrect. Xianren Cao is toxic.
Bitter, slightly cold. Harvest in June.
Bitter, cold. When used, there are raw, cooked, and steamed forms; they cannot be used indiscriminately. For downward action, use raw; for pathogenic factors in the upper body, soak in wine to guide the medicine upward and drive heat downward. Wine-soaked enters the Taiyang channel; wine-washed enters the Yangming channel; other channels do not use it. Huangqin processed with wine is used as its guiding herb. It is incompatible with Dried Lacquer (Ganqi) and avoids cold water. In the market, there are sliced pieces and perforated pieces, both cleaned. Sliced pieces are moist and hard; perforated pieces are light, dry, and not solid. At harvest, they are all roasted with fire stones and sold as dry goods; there are no fresh ones left. Use does not require extensive processing, steaming, or boiling. Currently, it is produced in Taihe, Shancheng, Danhou, and other prefectures. Those with purple brocade patterns are preferred, but they are often counterfeited with the roots of *Rumex japonicus* (Yangti), so careful identification is necessary.