煎五钱。黑栀皮一钱五分。藕汁一酒杯冲。童溺一大酒杯煎去沫冲。)逾数日又吐。且肢冷
自汗。心馁畏脱。孟英曰。脉来屡变。无怪疑为大虚。然望闻问切。不可独凭于指下。今溲
如赭石汤。浑赤有滓。其为湿热之病。昭昭若揭。初伤于气分。则津液受灼以为痰继及于营
分
。则阴血不安而妄溢。邪气内盛。岂非病实。而真实类虚。前方令服二剂。血果止。孟英曰
。血之复吐。由气分之邪扰之。欲清气道之邪。必先去其邪所根据附之痰。盖津液既为邪热灼
烁以成痰。痰即为邪热之窝巢。不妨峻攻其实而缓行其势。初进滚痰丸三钱。得下泄气一次
。为四旬余未有之通畅。连投滚痰丸数日。始解胶痰黑矢多遍。而小溲亦渐清长。苔色亦退
。寝食遂安。（此证中间清肝止血。旋以滚痰缓进攻痰。先治血。后治痰。系湿热扰营吐血
。急则治标之变法。)惟下部之肿犹尔。孟英曰∶谛参脉证。病不在脾。况善饥便燥。口渴
溺多。吾方虑转消证。亟投甘润之不遑。乌可渗利伤阴补土劫液耶。且脾虚下陷之肿。与湿
盛而肿之肿。其膝之上下内外。情势必然相贯。今膝之上下内外凹凸迥判。毫不昆连。盖由
湿热所酿之痰饮。既误补而痞塞中焦。复妄攻以流窜隧络。所谓不能一荡而蠲。势必旁趋四
射。吾当以法取之。会又咳痰带血。而精神食饮如常。孟英曰∶无恐也。乃前比嚼三七太多
。兜涩留瘀。最不宜止。吐而去之极妙。但须金木同治。冀咳止而血络不震动为要耳。予甘
露饮加藕汁童溺服之。四剂而止。咳嗽亦宁。（大生地八钱。明天冬切薄片六钱。花麦冬四
钱。开水泡绞冲去渣。钗石斛杵先一两。酒炒西茵陈二钱。酒炒枯芩一钱。炒枳壳一钱五分
。
姜枇叶刷包次入三钱。藕汁一酒杯冲。童溺两大酒杯煎去沫冲药温服。)于是专治其下部之
肿。以固本加知柏贝母花粉旋复橘络丝瓜络羚羊角楝核葱须豆卷苡仁竹沥出入为剂。二三帖
间。其高突隆肿之处。即觉甚痒。搔之出水如汗而作葱气。（大生地八钱。明天冬切六钱。
花麦冬四钱。酒炒知母二钱。酒炒川黄柏一钱。川贝母四钱。南花粉三钱。旋复花绢包三钱
。净橘络次入一钱五分。两帖后去知柏贝母。加丝瓜络三钱。羚角磨冲一钱。楝核杵先四钱
。鲜葱须次入一钱。大豆卷次入三钱。生苡仁杵八钱。姜竹沥一大酒杯冲。药温服。)六七
日
后。两腿反觉干瘦燥痛。茎囊亦随之而消矣。孟英曰用此润药消肿。尚且干燥咽痛。设从群
议投燥脾利水之剂。当更何如。盖寒湿则伤阳。热湿则伤阴。血液皆阴也。善后之法。还宜
滋养血液。稍佐竹沥以搜络中未涤之痰。使愈后不为他日之患。更属法中之法。服之
饮食中节。便溺有权。幸无消渴之虞。竟愈。
孔广愚久患溏泄。而舌黑气短。自春徂冬。治而不效。孟英视之曰。劳心太过。阳烁其阴。
人见其溏泄辄予温中。不知肺受火刑。气失清肃而短促于上。则水源不生。自然溺少便泻矣
。投以肃肺清心凉肝滋肾之法。果得渐瘳。（溏泄多寒虚证。而舌黑气短。而字着眼。言此
溏
泄非寒虚证也。溺少便泻四字。度尽金针。便泻多寒虚证。溺少则为热实阴伤证。虽便泻合
之溺少舌黑气短则为热炽阴伤。此便泻必臭味差池。寒泻无臭。热泻大臭。方用活水芦根二
两。酒炒雅连八分。北沙参八钱。花麦冬四钱。南花粉五钱。鲜石斛杵先一两。川楝核杵先
四钱。淡海 先煎四两。连皮荸荠打二两。生蛤壳一两。海浮石五钱。二味同杵先。乌梅肉
三钱。玄参片八钱。开水泡冲去渣。)
周菊生妻患少腹酸坠。小溲频数而疼。医投通利不效。继以升提温补。诸法备试。至于不食
不寐。口渴不敢饮水。闻声即生惊悸。孟英脉之曰。厥阴为病也。不可徒治其足太阳。先予
咸苦以泄其热。续用甘润以滋其阴。毫不犯通渗之药而愈。（通渗所以治实证。少腹酸坠。
酸为热邪灼液。小溲频数而疼。此为热实兼挟阴虚。大解不行。肺胃生化之源已伤。闻声即
生惊悸。心肝之阴大耗。先予咸苦泄热以治其实。续用甘润滋阴以治其虚。此证实中挟虚。
通渗则犯虚虚之戒。方用白头翁三钱。酒炒川连八分。酒炒川黄柏三钱。乌梅肉三钱。生白
蒺去刺三钱。整白芍杵先二两。血鳖甲杵先炭煨八句钟四两。干海参五钱。温水泡发去沙用
汤煎药。玄参片八钱。更方大生地八钱。玄参片一两。济银花一两五钱。蒲桃干三钱。明天
冬切六钱。肥玉竹三钱。菟丝饼五钱。乌梅肉三钱。龟板胶二钱炖和服。川楝核杵先四钱。
)
（前文方剂）煎煮五钱。黑栀皮一钱五分。藕汁一杯冲服。童便一大酒杯，煎去浮沫后冲服。）过了几天又呕吐。并且四肢发冷，自汗出。心中虚弱恐惧，担心出现脱证。孟英说：脉象屡次变化，难怪你们怀疑是大虚证。然而望、闻、问、切四诊，不能仅凭脉诊这一项。现在小便像赭石汤一样，浑浊赤红且有渣滓。这显然是湿热病，清清楚楚如同揭开盖子一样明显。起初邪气伤在气分，那么津液被热邪灼烧而化为痰；接着波及营分，那么阴血不安定而妄行溢出。邪气在内盛实，难道不是实证吗？但这真实之证却类似虚证。前方令患者服用两剂，血果然止住了。孟英说：血再次呕吐，是因为气分的邪气扰动所致。想要清气道的邪气，必须先去除邪气所依附的痰。因为津液既然被邪热灼烧炼而成痰，痰就成了邪热的窝巢。不妨峻猛攻伐其实邪，同时缓和病势。初进滚痰丸三钱，排出一次臭秽之气，这是四十多天来未曾有过的通畅。连续投用滚痰丸数日，才解出胶结的痰和黑色的粪便多次，而小便也逐渐变得清澈且量多。舌苔颜色也退了，睡眠和饮食于是安定。（这个病例中间阶段清肝止血，随即用滚痰丸缓进攻逐痰浊。先治血，后治痰，属于湿热扰乱营分导致的吐血，是急则治标的变法。）只有下部的肿胀依然存在。孟英说：仔细参详脉证，病不在脾。况且患者善饥、大便干燥、口渴、尿多，我正担心转为消渴证，急忙给予甘润滋阴还来不及，怎么可以用渗利之法损伤阴液、补土劫夺津液呢？而且脾虚下陷引起的肿胀，与湿盛引起的肿胀，其膝盖上下内外的情况必然相互关联贯通。现在膝盖上下内外凹凸分明，毫不相连。这是由于湿热酿生的痰饮，既因误补而痞塞中焦，又因妄攻而流窜经络隧道。所谓不能一次性荡涤清除，势必旁趋四射。我应当用法治它。恰逢又咳嗽带血，但精神食欲如常。孟英说：不要害怕。这是因为之前嚼服三七太多，兜涩留瘀，最不宜强行止血。吐血将瘀血排出极妙。但必须金木同治，希望咳嗽停止而血络不再震动为关键。给予甘露饮加藕汁、童便服用。四剂后血止，咳嗽也安宁了。（大生地八钱，明天冬切薄片六钱，花麦冬四钱，开水泡绞汁冲服去渣，钗石斛杵碎先煎一两，酒炒西茵陈二钱，酒炒枯芩一钱，炒枳壳一钱五分，姜枇杷叶刷包次入三钱，藕汁一杯冲服，童便两大酒杯，煎去浮沫后冲药温服。）于是专门治疗下部的肿胀，以固本汤加减知母、黄柏、贝母、花粉、旋覆花、橘络、丝瓜络、羚羊角、楝核、葱须、豆卷、苡仁、竹沥等出入为方剂。二三帖之间，那些高突隆肿之处，就觉得很痒，搔抓后出水如汗并带有葱的气味。（大生地八钱，明天冬切六钱，花麦冬四钱，酒炒知母二钱，酒炒川黄柏一钱，川贝母四钱，南花粉三钱，旋复花绢包三钱，净橘络次入一钱五分，两帖后去掉知母、黄柏、贝母，加丝瓜络三钱，羚羊角磨冲一钱，楝核杵碎先煎四钱，鲜葱须次入一钱，大豆卷次入三钱，生苡仁杵碎八钱，姜竹沥一大酒杯冲服，药温服。）六七日后，两条腿反而觉得干瘦燥痛，阴茎囊也随之消退了。孟英说：用这些滋润药物消肿，尚且导致干燥咽痛，如果听从众人的议论投用燥脾利水的药剂，那又会怎样呢？寒湿会损伤阳气，热湿会损伤阴液。血液都属于阴。善后的方法，还是应该滋养血液，稍加竹沥以搜剔经络中未清除干净的痰，使痊愈后不成为日后的隐患，这更是法中之法。服药后饮食有节制，大小便正常，幸好没有消渴的忧虑，竟然痊愈了。
孔广愚长期患有溏泄（稀便），而且舌苔黑、气短，从春天到冬天，治疗无效。孟英诊视后说：劳心过度，阳热灼伤阴液。人们见到溏泄就给予温中药物，不知道肺受火邪刑克，气失去清肃功能而在上焦短促，那么水源就不生，自然小便少而大便泻了。投用肃肺、清心、凉肝、滋肾的方法，果然逐渐好转。（溏泄多为寒虚证，但“舌黑气短”四字是关键，言明此溏泄非寒虚证。“溺少便泻”四字，道尽金针秘诀。便泻多为寒虚证，但溺少则为热实阴伤证。虽然便泻结合溺少、舌黑、气短，则是热炽阴伤。这种便泻必定气味异常，寒泻无臭味，热泻有大臭味。方用活水芦根二两，酒炒雅连八分，北沙参八钱，花麦冬四钱，南花粉五钱，鲜石斛杵碎先煎一两，川楝核杵碎先煎四钱，淡海蛤粉先煎四两，连皮荸荠捣碎二两，生蛤壳一两，海浮石五钱，后两味同杵碎先煎，乌梅肉三钱，玄参片八钱，开水泡冲服去渣。）
周菊生的妻子患少腹酸坠感，小便频数且疼痛，医生投用通利药物无效，继而又用升提、温补等方法，各种疗法都试过了，以至于不吃不睡，口渴不敢饮水，听到声音就产生惊悸。孟英诊脉后说：这是厥阴经的病。不能只治疗足太阳经。先给予咸苦药物以泄热，随后用甘润药物以滋阴。完全不犯通渗药物的禁忌而痊愈。（通渗法用于治疗实证。少腹酸坠，酸是热邪灼烧津液所致；小便频数且疼，此为热实兼挟阴虚。大便不通，肺胃生化之源已受伤；听到声音即生惊悸，说明心肝之阴大耗。先予咸苦泄热以治其实，续用甘润滋阴以治其虚。此证实中挟虚，若用通渗法则犯“虚虚”之戒。方用白头翁三钱，酒炒川连八分，酒炒川黄柏三钱，乌梅肉三钱，生白蒺藜去刺三钱，整白芍杵碎先煎二两，血鳖甲杵碎炭煨八分钟四两，干海参五钱，温水泡发去沙用汤煎药，玄参片八钱。更方：大生地八钱，玄参片一两，金银花一两五钱，葡萄干三钱，明天冬切六钱，肥玉竹三钱，菟丝饼五钱，乌梅肉三钱，龟板胶二钱炖化服，川楝核杵碎先煎四钱。）
(Previous prescription) Decoct five qian. Hei Zhi Pi (Gardenia Skin, 1.5 qian). Ou Zhi (Lotus Root Juice, one wine cup) to be taken by mixing. Tong Ni (Child's Urine, one large wine cup), decoct to remove foam, then mix and take.) After several days, vomiting recurred. Furthermore, the limbs were cold, with spontaneous sweating. The heart felt weak and fearful, worrying about collapse (Tuo Zheng). Mengying said: The pulse changes frequently; no wonder you suspect it is a severe deficiency syndrome. However, the four diagnostic methods—inspection, auscultation/olfaction, inquiry, and palpation—cannot rely solely on pulse diagnosis. Currently, the urine resembles Zhe Shi Tang (Ochre Decoction), turbid, crimson, and containing dregs. This clearly indicates a damp-heat disease, obvious as if the lid has been lifted. Initially, the pathogen injured the Qi level, so body fluids were scorched by heat to transform into phlegm; subsequently, it affected the Ying (Nutritive) level, causing Yin blood to become unsettled and overflow recklessly. With pathogenic factors flourishing internally, is this not an excess syndrome? Yet, the true nature resembles deficiency. The previous prescription instructed taking two doses, and the bleeding indeed stopped. Mengying said: The recurrence of hematemesis is due to the disturbance of Qi-level pathogens. To clear the pathogens in the Qi pathway, one must first remove the phlegm that serves as the pathogen's refuge. Since body fluids have been scorched by pathogenic heat to form phlegm, the phlegm becomes the nest for pathogenic heat. It is permissible to vigorously attack the excess while moderating the momentum of the disease. Initially, three qian of Gun Tan Wan (Rolling Phlegm Pill) was administered, resulting in the discharge of foul gas once, which was unprecedented smoothness in over forty days. After continuously administering Gun Tan Wan for several days, multiple stools of sticky phlegm and black feces were passed, and urination gradually became clear and abundant. The tongue coating also receded, and sleep and appetite thus stabilized. (In this case, between clearing the Liver and stopping bleeding, Gun Tan Wan was used to slowly attack and expel phlegm. Treating blood first, then phlegm, is a modified method for emergency treatment of the branch symptoms in hematemesis caused by damp-heat disturbing the Ying level.) Only the swelling in the lower part remained. Mengying said: Carefully analyzing the pulse and symptoms, the disease is not in the Spleen. Moreover, the patient has excessive hunger, dry stool, thirst, and polyuria. I was already worried about the development of Xiao Ke (Wasting-Thirst Syndrome) and hurriedly provided sweet-moistening [Yin-nourishing] herbs; how could we use diuretic methods to damage Yin and replenish Earth by depleting fluids? Furthermore, edema caused by Spleen Qi sinking differs from edema caused by dampness abundance. In the former, the condition above and below, inside and outside the knee must be connected. Now, the凹凸 (concavities and convexities) above and below, inside and outside the knee are distinct and unconnected. This is because phlegm-fluids brewed by damp-heat, having been mistakenly tonified and blocked in the Middle Jiao, were then recklessly attacked and scattered through the collaterals and tunnels. As it cannot be swept away in one go, it inevitably spreads sideways. I shall treat it with specific methods. Coincidentally, there was coughing with blood-streaked sputum, but spirit and appetite were normal. Mengying said: Do not fear. This is because too much San Qi (Notoginseng Root) was chewed previously, causing astringency and retaining blood stasis; stopping bleeding forcibly is most inappropriate. Vomiting out the stasis is excellent. However, Metal and Wood must be treated together, hoping that the cough stops without shaking the blood collaterals. Gan Lu Yin (Sweet Dew Decoction) plus Ou Zhi (Lotus Root Juice) and Tong Ni (Child's Urine) was given. After four doses, bleeding stopped, and the cough calmed down. (Da Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix Recens, 8 qian), Ming Tian Dong (Asparagi Cortex, sliced thin, 6 qian), Hua Mai Dong (Liriopes Bulbus, 4 qian), soaked in boiling water, squeezed for juice, mixed and taken after filtering dregs; Cha Shi Hu (Dendrobii Caulis, pounded, decocted first, 1 liang), Jiu Chao Xi Yin Chen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, wine-fried, 2 qian), Jiu Chao Ku Qin (Scutellariae Radix, wine-fried, 1 qian), Chao Zhi Qiao (Aurantii Fructus, fried, 1.5 qian), Jiang Pi Ye (Perillae Folium wrapped with ginger, added later, 3 qian), Ou Zhi (Lotus Root Juice, one wine cup, mixed); Tong Ni (Child's Urine, two large wine cups), decoct to remove foam, then mix with medicine and take warm.) Thus, focusing specifically on treating the lower swelling, Gu Ben Tang (Solidify the Root Decoction) was modified with Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Huang Bai (Phellodendri Cortex), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Bulbus), Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix), Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos), Ju Luo (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpii Retinervum), Si Gua Luo (Luffae Fructus Rete), Ling Yang Jiao (Capris Cornu), Lian He (Meliae Semen), Cong Xu (Allii Fistulosi Radix), Dou Juan (Sojae Semen Praeparatum), Yi Ren (Coicis Semen), Zhu Li (Bambusae Succus) in varying combinations. Within two or three doses, the elevated and swollen areas felt very itchy; scratching produced fluid like sweat with the smell of green onion. (Da Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix Recens, 8 qian), Ming Tian Dong (Asparagi Cortex, sliced, 6 qian), Hua Mai Dong (Liriopes Bulbus, 4 qian), Jiu Chao Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, wine-fried, 2 qian), Jiu Chao Chuan Huang Bai (Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, wine-fried, 1 qian), Chuan Bei Mu (Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus, 4 qian), Nan Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix, 3 qian), Xuan Fu Hua (Inulae Flos, wrapped in silk, 3 qian), Jing Ju Luo (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpii Retinervum, added later, 1.5 qian); after two doses, remove Zhi Mu, Huang Bai, and Bei Mu, add Si Gua Luo (Luffae Fructus Rete, 3 qian), Ling Yang Jiao (Capris Cornu, ground and mixed, 1 qian), Lian He (Meliae Semen, pounded, decocted first, 4 qian), Xian Cong Xu (Allii Fistulosi Radix, fresh, added later, 1 qian), Da Dou Juan (Sojae Semen Praeparatum, added later, 3 qian), Sheng Yi Ren (Coicis Semen, pounded, 8 qian), Jiang Zhu Li (Zingiberis Succus, one large wine cup, mixed); take medicine warm.) After six or seven days, both legs felt dry, thin, and painful, and the scrotum subsided accordingly. Mengying said: Using these moistening herbs to reduce swelling still resulted in dryness and sore throat; if we had followed the majority opinion and administered spleen-drying and water-draining agents, what would have happened? Cold-damp damages Yang, while Heat-damp damages Yin. Blood belongs to Yin. For post-recovery care, it is best to nourish the blood, slightly assisting with Zhu Li (Bambusae Succus) to search out residual phlegm in the collaterals, ensuring no future complications arise after recovery. This is a method within a method. After taking the medicine, diet was regulated, and urination and defecation were normal. Fortunately, there was no worry of Wasting-Thirst Syndrome, and the patient completely recovered.
Kong Guangyu suffered from loose stools for a long time, accompanied by a black tongue coating and shortness of breath. From spring to winter, treatments were ineffective. Mengying examined him and said: Overwork of the mind scorches Yin with Yang. People see loose stools and immediately administer warming-middle herbs, unaware that the Lung suffers from Fire punishment, losing its clear and descending function, leading to shortness of breath in the upper Jiao; thus, the Water source does not generate, naturally resulting in scanty urine and diarrhea. Administering methods to soothe the Lung, clear the Heart, cool the Liver, and nourish the Kidney indeed led to gradual improvement. (Loose stools are mostly Cold-Deficiency syndromes, but "black tongue coating and shortness of breath" are the key words, indicating this loose stool is not a Cold-Deficiency syndrome. "Scanty urine and diarrhea" reveals the essence. While diarrhea is often Cold-Deficiency, scanty urine indicates Heat-Excess and Yin injury. Although diarrhea combined with scanty urine, black tongue, and shortness of breath points to blazing Heat and Yin injury, this type of diarrhea must have abnormal odor; Cold diarrhea is odorless, while Heat diarrhea has a strong odor. Prescription uses Huo Shui Lu Gen (Fresh Reed Rhizome, 2 liang), Jiu Chao Ya Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, wine-fried, 8 fen), Bei Sha Shen (Glehniae Radix, 8 qian), Hua Mai Dong (Liriopes Bulbus, 4 qian), Nan Hua Fen (Trichosanthis Radix, 5 qian), Xian Shi Hu (Dendrobii Caulis, fresh, pounded, decocted first, 1 liang), Chuan Lian He (Meliae Semen, pounded, decocted first, 4 qian), Dan Hai (Concha Meretricis et Arcae, decocted first, 4 liang), Lian Pi Bi Qi (Dioscoreae Hypoglaucae Tuber, with skin, smashed, 2 liang), Sheng Ge Qiao (Concha Tridacnidae, 1 liang), Hai Fu Shi (Lithomarge, 5 qian, the latter two pounded and decocted first), Wu Mei Rou (Mume Fructus, 3 qian), Xuan Shen Pian (Scrophulariae Radix, 8 qian), soaked in boiling water, mixed and taken after filtering dregs.)
The wife of Zhou Jusheng suffered from sour dragging sensation in the lower abdomen, frequent and painful urination. Physicians administered promoting-drainage herbs without effect, followed by lifting and warming-tonifying methods; all techniques were tried, leading to loss of appetite and insomnia, thirst but afraid to drink, and palpitations upon hearing sounds. Mengying palpated the pulse and said: This is a Jueyin (Liver) disease. One cannot merely treat the Foot-Taiyang (Bladder) channel. First, administer salty-bitter herbs to drain Heat, then use sweet-moist herbs to nourish Yin. Without using any promoting-drainage herbs, the patient recovered. (Promoting-drainage treats Excess syndromes. Sour dragging in the lower abdomen results from Heat scorching fluids; frequent and painful urination indicates Heat-Excess complicated by Yin Deficiency. Lack of bowel movement shows the source of generation in Lung and Stomach is damaged; palpitations upon sound indicate severe depletion of Heart and Liver Yin. First, salty-bitter herbs drain Heat to treat the Excess; subsequently, sweet-moist herbs nourish Yin to treat the Deficiency. This case is Excess complicated by Deficiency; using promoting-drainage would violate the prohibition against further weakening the deficient. Prescription: Bai Tou Weng (Pulsatillae Radix, 3 qian), Jiu Chao Chuan Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma, wine-fried, 8 fen), Jiu Chao Chuan Huang Bai (Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, wine-fried, 3 qian), Wu Mei Rou (Mume Fructus, 3 qian), Sheng Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus, thorns removed, 3 qian), Zheng Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba, whole, pounded, decocted first, 2 liang), Xue Bie Jia (Trionycis Carapax et Plastrum, pounded, charred, simmered for eight minutes, 4 liang), Gan Hai Shen (Holothuriae Edulis, 5 qian, soaked in warm water, cleaned of sand, used to decoct medicine), Xuan Shen Pian (Scrophulariae Radix, 8 qian). Modified prescription: Da Sheng Di (Rehmanniae Radix Recens, 8 qian), Xuan Shen Pian (Scrophulariae Radix, 1 liang), Jin Yin Hua (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, 1.5 liang), Pu Tao Gan (Vitis Viniferae Fructus, 3 qian), Ming Tian Dong (Asparagi Cortex, sliced, 6 qian), Fei Yu Zhu (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma, 3 qian), Tu Si Bing (Cuscutae Semen, 5 qian), Wu Mei Rou (Mume Fructus, 3 qian), Gui Ban Jiao (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum Gelatinum, 2 qian, stewed and mixed), Chuan Lian He (Meliae Semen, pounded, decocted first, 4 qian).)