桃仁，味苦甘平，性寒无毒。降也，阴也。其用有二∶润大肠血闭之便难；破大肠久蓄
之血结。
使 恶黄芩黄连鼠粪去皮则热留皮则冷制半夏毒
生姜，味辛性温无毒。升也，阳也。其用有四∶制半夏有解毒之功；佐大枣有浓肠之益；
温经散表邪之风；益气止翻胃之哕。
石膏，味辛甘，性大寒无毒。沉也，阴也。其用有二，制火邪，清肺气，仲景有白虎之
名；除胃热，夺甘食，易老有大寒之剂。
君 忌生葱凡用刮去外皮
桂，味辛性热有毒。浮也，阳中之阳也。气之薄者，桂枝也；气之浓者，肉桂也。气薄
则发泄，桂枝上行而发表；气浓则发热，肉桂下行而补肾。此天地亲上亲下之道也。
臣 恶野狼毒山茱萸黄 畏硝石滑石反藜芦
细辛，味辛性温无毒。升也，阳也。其用有二∶止少阴合病之首痛；散三阳数变之风邪
栀子，味苦性大寒无毒。沉也，阴也。其用有二∶疗心中懊 颠倒而不得眠；治脐下血
滞小便而不得利。易老有云∶轻飘而象肺，色赤而象火，又能泻肺中之火。
臣 制野葛巴豆白药
葛根，味甘平，性寒无毒。可升可降，阳中之阴也。其用有四∶发伤寒之表邪；止胃虚
之消渴；解酒中之奇毒；治往来之温疟。
桃仁，味道苦、甘，性质平和，性寒，无毒。其气主降，属阴。它的作用有两个：一是润肠通便，治疗大肠血闭导致的大便困难；二是破除大肠中久积的血结。
使药（此处指作为使药的生姜），味道辛，性质温，无毒。其气主升，属阳。它的作用有四个：一是能解除半夏的毒性；二是配合大枣使用，有滋养肠道的好处；三是温暖经脉，驱散体表的风邪；四是益气，止住因胃气上逆引起的呃逆（翻胃之哕）。
石膏，味道辛、甘，性质大寒，无毒。其气主沉，属阴。它的作用有两个：一是制约火邪，清泻肺气，张仲景（仲景）有白虎汤之名；二是清除胃热，抑制因摄入甘甜食物引发的热症，易老（张元素）有大寒汤的方剂。
君药（此处指作为君药的桂枝/肉桂类），忌与生葱同用。凡用药时刮去外皮。桂，味道辛，性质热，有毒。其气主浮，是阳中之阳。气味薄的，是桂枝；气味浓的，是肉桂。气味薄则具有发散作用，桂枝上行而发表解肌；气味浓则具有发热作用，肉桂下行而补肾助阳。这是天地亲上亲下的道理。
臣药（此处指作为臣药的细辛等），畏恶野狼毒、山茱萸、黄芩（原文“黄”后缺字，通常指黄芩或大黄，结合语境及常见配伍禁忌，此处保留原文“黄”或推测为黄芩，但根据规则不推测，故仅提取明确实体，若“黄”单独出现且无下文，暂归入概念或忽略，但在实体提取中，“黄”若指药材需确认，此处原文断句奇怪，“恶野狼毒山茱萸黄 畏硝石滑石反藜芦”，通常“黄”指黄芩或大黄，鉴于上下文，暂不强行翻译未明之物，重点在细辛）。细辛，味道辛，性质温，无毒。其气主升，属阳。它的作用有两个：一是止住少阴经与太阳经合病引起的头痛；二是驱散三阳经受邪产生的多变风邪。
栀子，味道苦，性质大寒，无毒。其气主沉，属阴。它的作用有两个：一是治疗心中烦闷懊恼、辗转反侧无法入睡的症状；二是治疗脐下血滞导致的小便不通利。易老（张元素）曾说：栀子轻飘象肺，色赤象火，又能泻除肺中的火邪。
臣药（此处指葛根等），能制约野葛、巴豆、白药。葛根，味道甘、平，性质寒，无毒。既可升又可降，是阳中之阴。它的作用有四个：一是发汗解表，驱散伤寒的表邪；二是止住因胃虚引起的消渴症；三是解酒中的奇毒；四是治疗往来寒热的温疟。
枸杞作为使药，畏恶干姜，畏牛膝，反乌头。瓜蒌根（天花粉），味道苦，性质寒，无毒。其气主沉，属阴。它的作用有两个：一是止渴，退去烦热；二是补虚，通调月经。
Tao Ren (Persicae Semen), with a bitter and sweet taste, is neutral in nature, cold in temperature, and non-toxic. It descends and belongs to Yin. Its functions are twofold: it moistens the large intestine to relieve constipation caused by blood obstruction; and it breaks up long-standing blood stasis in the large intestine.
Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens), used as an Envoy herb, has a pungent taste and warm temperature, and is non-toxic. It ascends and belongs to Yang. Its functions are fourfold: it detoxifies Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma); when combined with Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus), it benefits the intestines; it warms the meridians and disperses wind pathogens from the exterior; and it tonifies Qi and stops hiccups due to rebellious Stomach Qi.
Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), with a pungent and sweet taste, is extremely cold in temperature and non-toxic. It sinks and belongs to Yin. Its functions are twofold: it controls fire pathogens and clears Lung Qi, as seen in Zhang Zhongjing's Bai Hu Tang (White Tiger Decoction); it eliminates Stomach heat and counteracts the heat generated by sweet foods, as exemplified by Yi Lao's Da Han Tang (Great Cold Decoction).
Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex/Ramulus), used as a Sovereign herb, should not be used with raw Cong Bai (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus). The outer bark should be scraped off before use. Gui has a pungent taste and hot temperature, and is toxic. It floats and belongs to Yang within Yang. When the Qi is thin, it is Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus); when the Qi is dense, it is Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex). Thin Qi promotes dispersion; Gui Zhi moves upward to release the exterior. Dense Qi generates heat; Rou Gui moves downward to tonify the Kidney. This follows the principle of Heaven and Earth favoring what is above and below them.
Xi Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), used as a Minister herb, is incompatible with Ye Lang Du (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix), Shan Zhu Yu (Corni Fructus), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) [Note: 'Huang' implies Huang Qin or similar], fears Xiao Shi (Nitratum) and Hua Shi (Talcum), and is inversely reactive with Li Lu (Veratri Radix). Xi Xin has a pungent taste and warm temperature, and is non-toxic. It ascends and belongs to Yang. Its functions are twofold: it stops headaches associated with Shaoyin disease combined with Taiyang disease; and it disperses wind pathogens that frequently change in the three Yang meridians.
Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), with a bitter taste, is extremely cold in temperature and non-toxic. It sinks and belongs to Yin. Its functions are twofold: it treats restlessness and insomnia characterized by inner vexation and inability to sleep; and it treats difficulty in urination due to blood stasis below the umbilicus. Yi Lao stated: "It is light and floating like the Lung, red in color like Fire, and can also drain Fire from the Lung."
Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), used as a Minister herb, can control Ye Ge (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata - wild type), Ba Dou (Crotonis Fructus), and Bai Yao. Ge Gen has a sweet and neutral taste and is cold in temperature, and is non-toxic. It can ascend and descend, and belongs to Yin within Yang. Its functions are fourfold: it releases exterior pathogens of Shanghan (Cold Damage); it stops thirst caused by Stomach deficiency; it resolves the strange toxicity of alcohol; and it treats Wen Nue (Warm Malaria) with alternating chills and fever.
Gou Qi Zi (Lycii Fructus) serves as an Envoy herb. It is incompatible with Gan Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma), fears Niu Xi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix), and is inversely reactive with Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix). Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix), also known as Tian Hua Fen, has a bitter taste and is cold in temperature, and is non-toxic. It sinks and belongs to Yin. Its functions are twofold: it stops thirst and reduces irritability and heat; and it tonifies deficiency and unblocks menstruation.