望痘∶一名报痘。每见热微气爽，精旺神强，忽起点子，自一点以至十余点外，
其盘与顶甚佳，贯脓亦足，世每称上乘者矣。或有结痂之后，一发热而周身密布者，
亦有将结痂而复溃烂深潭，方乃周身才起者，毒伏于内，人不先察，幸其自起得以
全生，故遇极少之痘，必须细详耳后红纹，再阅周身纹路以及面部气血，如非报痘，则
数点可云全吉，若犹未也，必须银针挑破初点，胭脂封贴则毒不内攻，后痘起发，亦得鲜少也。
赤痘∶一名九焦，其痘势尖圆，易长易贯，根脚赤甚，似乎血热，然先后不齐，
三朝浆至，随贯随回，以其九日之内必焦，故名九焦，是系腑证，乃轻证也。
水痘∶其发热起胀贯脓，形色壮貌皆同，所以异者，惟出时顶色白亮，根脚散
大，浆色浅白，顶无痘眼，是亦腑证，可无生死之虑，但升表太过，后必变疮而溃烂殊久，耗人元气耳。
石痘∶此正痘中之第一俦也，按之如石，易起、易贯、易靥，嘻笑如故，饮食
如常，三朝浆至，七日浆回，十日功成矣。
木痘∶其发热见纹俱以痘状，但出之时，忽然见点不一而足，至一二朝渐觉粗
肥，至二三朝反细而隐，有形无浆者是也。是亦腑证，不必他虞。然此五种，凡值痘
证时行，偏多此类相混，故宜细辨。
观察痘疹：又称“报痘”。常见患者热象轻微、气息清爽，精气旺盛、精神强健，忽然冒出痘点，从一点到十余点不等，痘盘的基底和顶端形态都很好，化脓也充足，世人常称此为上乘的痘证。但也有在结痂之后，再次发热导致周身密集布满痘点的；也有即将结痂却又溃烂成深坑，此时全身才刚开始起痘的，这是毒邪潜伏在内，人们没有事先察觉，幸好痘疹自行发出得以保全生命，所以遇到极少数的痘疹，必须仔细查看耳后的红色纹路，再审视全身的纹路以及面部的气血状况。如果不是典型的“报痘”，那么仅有数点痘疹可以说完全吉利；如果情况尚未明朗，必须用银针挑破最初的痘点，用胭脂封贴，这样毒邪就不会内攻，后续发出的痘疹也会变得稀少。
赤痘：又称“九焦”。其痘势尖圆，容易生长、容易化脓，根部颜色红赤严重，看似血热，但出痘先后不齐，第三天浆液到达，随即化脓又随即消退，因为在九天内必然焦枯，所以名叫“九焦”，这属于腑证，是轻症。
水痘：其发热、起胀、化脓的过程，颜色和形态都与正常痘疹相同，不同的地方在于，发出时顶部颜色白亮，根部散大，浆液颜色浅白，顶部没有痘眼（凹陷），这也属于腑证，不必担心生死问题，但如果发表透疹太过，后来必定转变为疮疡且溃烂很久，消耗人的元气罢了。
石痘：这是正痘中的第一类。触摸起来像石头一样坚硬，容易发起、容易化脓、容易结痂，患者嘻笑如常，饮食正常，第三天浆液到达，第七天浆液消退，第十天痊愈。
木痘：其发热、显现纹理都具备痘疹的特征，但在发出时，忽然出现的痘点数量不一，到了第一二天逐渐觉得粗大肥厚，到了第二三天反而变细而隐没，是有形无浆的，就是这种。这也属于腑证，不必有其他担忧。然而这五种痘疹，凡是遇到痘证流行的时候，大多此类相互混淆，所以应该仔细辨别。
Observation of Smallpox (Wang Dou): Also known as "Reporting Smallpox" (Bao Dou). It is commonly seen that when heat is slight and breath is clear, essence is abundant and spirit is strong, smallpox spots suddenly appear, ranging from one to more than ten. The base and apex are very favorable, and suppuration is sufficient; the world often calls this a superior type of smallpox. However, there are cases where, after scabbing has formed, fever returns causing dense distribution over the whole body. There are also cases where scabs are about to form but then ulcerate deeply into pits, while the rest of the body only just begins to erupt; this indicates toxins hidden internally, which people fail to notice in advance. Fortunately, life is preserved because the eruption occurs spontaneously. Therefore, when encountering very few spots, one must carefully examine the red streaks behind the ears, review the patterns on the whole body, and assess the Qi and Blood of the face. If it is not typical "Reporting Smallpox," having only a few spots can be considered entirely auspicious. If the situation is still unclear, one must pierce the initial spot with a silver needle and seal it with rouge (Yanzhi) so that toxins do not attack inwardly, and subsequent eruptions will also be sparse.
Red Smallpox (Chi Dou): Also known as "Nine Scorched" (Jiu Jiao). The lesions are pointed and round, easy to grow and suppurate, with roots showing severe redness, appearing as if due to Blood Heat. However, the eruption is irregular in timing. By the third day, the fluid reaches the lesions, but they suppurate and recede immediately. Because they inevitably become scorched within nine days, it is named "Nine Scorched." This belongs to the Fu Organ syndrome (Fu Zheng) and is a mild condition.
Water Smallpox (Shui Dou): Its fever, swelling, and suppuration processes, as well as its color and appearance, are identical to normal smallpox. The difference lies in that upon eruption, the apex is white and bright, the root is scattered and large, the fluid is pale white, and there is no central dimple (Dou Yan). This also belongs to the Fu Organ syndrome (Fu Zheng), and there is no need to worry about life or death. However, if the method of releasing the exterior is too excessive, it will later transform into sores that ulcerate for a long time, consuming the person's Yuan Qi (Original Qi).
Stone Smallpox (Shi Dou): This is the first category among standard smallpox. It feels hard like stone upon palpation, is easy to erupt, easy to suppurate, and easy to crust over. The patient laughs and smiles as usual, and eats and drinks normally. Fluid arrives by the third day, recedes by the seventh day, and recovery is achieved by the tenth day.
Wood Smallpox (Mu Dou): Its fever and visible skin patterns all exhibit characteristics of smallpox. However, upon eruption, the number of spots appears inconsistently. By the first or second day, they gradually feel coarse and plump; by the second or third day, they反而 become thin and indistinct. These have shape but no fluid. This also belongs to the Fu Organ syndrome (Fu Zheng), and there is no need for other concerns. However, these five types of smallpox, whenever smallpox epidemics occur, often mix with each other, so careful differentiation is necessary.