《东医宝鉴》云∶杖伤大概通滞血，皆以酒引。盖血滞则气壅瘀，气壅瘀则经络
满急，经络满急故肿且痛。凡打仆，着肌肉必肿痛者，以经络伤，气血不行，故如此。
申斗垣曰∶叫号伤气，忍痛伤血，亦有血奔心而死者，宜热尿灌之。（《启玄》）
《种杏》云∶凡杖毕，即用童便好酒各一盅合而温服，免血攻心甚妙，仍用葱白
捣烂，炒热 杖处，冷则易止痛，散血如神。
冯鲁瞻曰∶宜用紫荆皮、乳香、没药、生地、大黄、黄柏之类。（《锦囊》）
朱丹溪曰∶黄柏、生地、紫荆皮，皆敷杖疮之要药也。若血热作痛，宜凉血去
瘀血为先，加血竭、红花更佳。（《心法》）
《入门》云∶凡杖疮忽干黑陷，毒瓦斯攻心，恍惚烦闷，呕吐者死。
陈实功曰∶杖疮已破肉者，以清凉膏敷之，疼肿即消，未破瘀血内攻者，用针
放出内蓄瘀血，再以大成汤下之，便通自愈。如伤处瘀腐，已作痛疼者，玉红膏搽
之，自然腐化生新而愈。至于辱刑重刑，难受之时，宜预服铁布衫丸方，得保全身命也。（《正宗》）
陈远公曰∶腿受官刑，皮肉腐烂，死血未散，疼痛呼号，是宜用膏药、末药外
治为佳，受刑深重，不急内消，专恃外治，
则消遥膜外，安能卫心，使恶血不相犯乎！故内治宜速也，世人外治之方，多有神奇，
而内治之方，绝无应验，往往多一时心乱而死者，虽犯法遭刑，其中情真罪当者固
多，而受冤遭陷者更复不少，冤气在心则肝叶开张，肝气填急，尤善引血入心，使
无辜之人一旦轻死，固非医人之罪，而治之无法是谁之愆与！余得异方，凡受官刑，
实时煎服，服后用膏药、末药，内外兼治，疮口易愈，必无性命之忧矣！卫心仙丹∶大
黄、红花、丹皮、木耳各三钱，白芥子二钱，当归、生地各一两，桃仁三十粒，水
煎一服，恶血散矣。不必二剂，再以膏贴之，名护心仙丹∶大黄、白蜡、败龟版、当
归各一两，三七根、乳香、没药各三钱，骨碎补、松香各五钱，麝香五分为末，先用
猪油一两，同白蜡、松香入铜锅化开，再下各药拌为膏，贴伤处，外用油纸包裹，以
布扎住，轻者一张，重者两张足矣。如夹棍重伤，不须四张，即可行步，二方至神
至奇，内方使恶血尽散，外方使死肉速生，合而用之，何至损命，叹医治之无术耳！（《冰鉴》）
《东医宝鉴》说：杖刑造成的伤害，大体上都是导致瘀血阻滞，治疗时都应该用酒作为引经药。因为血液停滞则气机壅塞瘀阻，气机壅塞瘀阻则经络充满且拘急，经络充满拘急所以出现肿胀和疼痛。凡是被打或跌倒，伤及肌肉必然肿痛的原因，是因为经络受损，气血运行不畅，所以才会这样。
申斗垣说：大声呼号会耗伤气，强忍疼痛会损伤血，也有因血气奔涌攻心而死亡的，适宜用热尿灌服来救治。（出自《启玄》）
《种杏》说：凡是杖打结束后，立即取童便（儿童尿液）和好酒各一杯混合后温热服用，可以避免血气攻心，非常奇妙；仍然要用葱白捣烂，炒热后敷在杖打处，冷了就要更换以止痛，散除瘀血效果如神。
冯鲁瞻说：适宜使用紫荆皮、乳香、没药、生地、大黄、黄柏这类药物。（出自《锦囊》）
朱丹溪说：黄柏、生地、紫荆皮，都是敷治杖疮的重要药物。如果因血热引起疼痛，应该以凉血去除瘀血为先，加入血竭、红花效果更好。（出自《心法》）
《入门》说：凡是杖疮突然变得干燥发黑并凹陷，毒瓦斯攻心，出现神志恍惚、烦闷、呕吐症状的，属于死证。
陈实功说：杖疮已经破溃伤肉的，用清凉膏敷贴，疼痛肿胀即刻消退；尚未破溃但瘀血内攻的，用针放出内部蓄积的瘀血，再用大成汤通下大便，大便通畅后自然痊愈。如果受伤处瘀腐，已经产生疼痛的，用玉红膏涂抹，自然会腐肉脱落、新肉生长而痊愈。至于遭受耻辱性的重刑，难以忍受之时，适宜预先服用铁布衫丸方，可以保全身体性命。（出自《正宗》）
陈远公说：腿部遭受官刑，皮肉腐烂，死血未散，疼痛呼号，这时适宜用膏药、末药进行外治为佳。但如果受刑深重，不急于从内部消除瘀滞，专门依赖外治，那么瘀血就会逍遥于膜外，怎么能护卫心脏，使恶血不侵犯心脏呢！所以内治必须迅速。世人对外治的方法，多有神奇疗效，而对内治的方法，却绝无应验，往往导致人一时心慌意乱而死。虽然犯法受刑的人中，情真罪当者固然很多，但蒙冤受陷者也不在少数。冤气郁结在心中则肝叶开张，肝气填塞急促，尤其善于引导血液进入心脏，使无辜之人一旦轻易死亡。这固非医生的罪过，但治疗没有方法又是谁的过错呢！我得到奇异药方，凡是遭受官刑，立即煎服，服药后再用膏药、末药，内外兼治，疮口容易愈合，必定没有性命之忧了。卫心仙丹：大黄、红花、丹皮、木耳各三钱，白芥子二钱，当归、生地各一两，桃仁三十粒，水煎一次服用，恶血即可消散。不必服用第二剂，再贴上膏药，名为护心仙丹：大黄、白蜡、败龟版、当归各一两，三七根、乳香、没药各三钱，骨碎补、松香各五钱，麝香五分研为细末，先用猪油一两，同白蜡、松香放入铜锅中熔化，再加入各药搅拌制成膏药，贴在伤口处，外用油纸包裹，用布扎紧，轻症一张，重症两张就够了。如果是夹棍重伤，不需要四张，就可以行走。这两个方子极其神奇，内方使恶血完全消散，外方使死肉快速生长，合起来使用，怎么会损害性命，只是感叹医生缺乏医治手段罢了！（出自《冰鉴》）
The *Dongui Bogam* states: Injuries from beating generally involve the stagnation of blood, and wine should be used as a guiding agent in treatment. This is because when blood stagnates, qi becomes obstructed and stasis occurs; when qi is obstructed and stasis occurs, the meridians become full and tense, leading to swelling and pain. Whenever one is beaten or falls, injury to the muscles inevitably causes swelling and pain because the meridians are damaged and the movement of qi and blood is impeded.
Shen Douyuan said: Crying out injures qi, while enduring pain injures blood. There are cases where blood rushes to the heart causing death, which should be treated by administering hot urine orally. (From *Qixuan*)
*Zhongxing* states: After beating is completed, immediately mix one cup of child's urine (Tongbian) and good wine, warm it, and take it orally to prevent blood from attacking the heart, which is extremely effective. Additionally, crush scallion whites, heat them by frying, apply them to the beaten area, and change them when cool to relieve pain; this disperses blood stasis with miraculous effect.
Feng Luzhan stated: It is suitable to use herbs such as Broussonetia papyrifera bark (Zijingpi), Frankincense (Ruxiang), Myrrh (Moyao), Rehmannia glutinosa root (Shengdi), Rhubarb (Dahuang), and Phellodendron amurense bark (Huangbai). (From *Jinnang*)
Zhu Danxi stated: Huangbai, Shengdi, and Zijingpi are all essential herbs for applying to beat injuries. If pain is caused by blood heat, clearing blood heat and removing blood stasis should be prioritized; adding Hematite (Xuejie) and Safflower (Honghua) is even better. (From *Xinfang*)
*Rumen* states: If a beat injury suddenly becomes dry, black, and depressed, with toxic factors attacking the heart, accompanied by delirium, restlessness, and vomiting, it is a fatal condition.
Chen Shigong stated: For beat injuries that have broken the skin and flesh, apply Qingliang Gao (Cooling Ointment); pain and swelling will subside immediately. For those not yet broken but with internal blood stasis attack, puncture with a needle to release the accumulated internal blood stasis, then administer Dacheng Tang (Great Achievement Decoction) to promote bowel movement; recovery will occur naturally once bowels are unblocked. For injured areas with necrotic tissue causing pain, apply Yuhong Gao (Jade Red Ointment); necrotic tissue will naturally slough off and new tissue will grow, leading to healing. Regarding severe humiliating punishments that are hard to endure, it is advisable to pre-administer Tie Bushan Wan (Iron Shirt Pill) to preserve life and health. (From *Zhengzong*)
Chen Yuan Gong stated: When the legs suffer official punishment, resulting in rotting skin and flesh, undispersed dead blood, and painful crying, external treatment with plasters and powders is preferable. However, if the punishment is deep and severe, and internal elimination of stasis is not urgent, relying solely on external treatment allows stasis to roam freely outside the membranes. How can this protect the heart and prevent evil blood from invading? Therefore, internal treatment must be swift. People often find external treatments miraculous but internal treatments ineffective, frequently leading to death due to sudden panic. Although many who suffer punishment are truly guilty, many others are wrongly accused. Grievance qi accumulating in the heart causes the liver lobes to expand and liver qi to become congested and tense, which easily guides blood into the heart, causing innocent people to die lightly. This is not necessarily the doctor's fault, but whose fault is it that there is no method of treatment? I obtained an extraordinary prescription: for anyone suffering official punishment, decoct and take it immediately. After taking it, use plasters and powders for combined internal and external treatment; wounds will heal easily without risk to life. Weixin Xian Dan (Heart-Protecting Immortal Pill): Dahuang, Honghua, Mudanpi, and Black Fungus (Mu'er) each 3 qian, Baijiezhi 2 qian, Danggui and Shengdi each 1 liang, Tao Ren 30 grains. Decoct in water and take once; evil blood will disperse. No need for a second dose. Then apply a plaster named Huxin Xian Dan (Heart-Guarding Immortal Pill): Dahuang, Beila, Baiguiban, and Danggui each 1 liang, Sanqi Gen, Ruxiang, and Moyao each 3 qian, Gusuibu and Songxiang each 5 qian, She Xiang 0.5 fen, ground into powder. First, melt 1 liang of lard with Beila and Songxiang in a copper pot, then add all other medicines and mix to form a plaster. Apply to the wound, wrap externally with oiled paper, and bind with cloth. One sheet is sufficient for mild cases, two for severe cases. Even with severe clamp injuries, walking is possible without needing four sheets. These two formulas are extremely miraculous: the internal formula disperses all evil blood, and the external formula promotes rapid growth of new tissue. Used together, how could they cause loss of life? It is merely lamentable that doctors lack treatment methods! (From *Bingjian*)