《水热穴论》曰∶少阴何以主肾？肾何以主水？肾者至阴也，至阴者盛水也，肺
者太阴也，少阴者冬脉也，故其本在肾，其末在肺，皆积水也。（阴者，谓寒也。冬月至寒，肾
气合应，故云肾者至阴也。水旺于冬，故云至阴者盛水也。肾少阴脉，从肾上贯肝鬲，入肺中，故云其本在肾，
其末在肺也。肾气上逆，则水气客于肺中，故云皆积水
也。）肾何以能聚水而生病？肾者胃之关也。关闭不利，故聚水而从其类也。（关者，所以司
出入也。肾主下焦，膀胱为府，主其分注，关窍二阴，故肾气化则二阴通，二阴闭则胃 满，故云肾者胃之关也。
关闭则水积，水积则气停，水积气溢，气水同类，故云关闭不利，聚水而从其类也。）上下溢于皮肤，故为
肿。 肿者，聚水而生病也。（上谓肺，下谓肾，肺肾俱溢，故聚水于腹中而生病也。）帝曰∶诸水
皆生于肾乎？伯曰∶肾者牝脏也。（牝，阴也。主阴位，故曰牝脏。）地气上者属于肾，而生水液
也。故曰至阴。勇而劳甚则肾汗出，肾汗出逢于风，内不得入于脏腑，外不得越于
皮肤，客于玄府，行于皮里，传于 肿，本之于肾，名曰风水。（勇而劳甚，谓力房也。劳勇汗
出则玄府开，汗出逢风则玄府复闭，闭则余汗未出，内伏皮肤，专化为水，从风而水，故名风水。）所谓玄府
者，汗空也。（汗液色玄，从空而出，以汗聚于里，故谓之玄府。此言风水之病，本之于肾，传之于肺也。）水
俞五十七处者，是何主也？肾俞五十七穴，积阴之所聚也，水所从出入也。尻上五行
行五者，此肾俞。（背部之俞，凡有五行，当其中者，督脉气所发，次两旁四行，皆太阳脉气也。）故水病下
为跗肿大腹，上为喘呼，（水下居于肾，则腹至足而跗肿。若上入于肺，则喘息贲急而大呼也。）不得卧
者，标本俱病，（标本者，肺为标，肾为本。是肺肾俱水为病也。）分为相输，俱受者水气之所留
也。（分其居处以名之，则是气相输应。本其俱受病气，则皆水所留也。）伏兔上各二行行五者，此肾之
街也。（街，谓道也。腹部正俞凡有五行，侠脐两旁则肾脏足少阴脉及冲脉气所发，次两旁则胃府足阳明脉气
所发，此四行穴则伏兔之上也。）三阴之所交结于脚也。踝上各一行行六者，此肾脉之下行也，
名曰太冲。凡五十七穴者，皆脏之阴络，水之所客也。（经所谓五十七者，尻上计有五行，每行计
有五穴，此肾之俞也。其中行系督脉一经，旁四行系足太阳膀胱经，以肾与膀胱为表里也，伏兔上各二行，每
行有五穴者，此肾脉所通之街，谓夹中行任脉两旁冲脉也。且足经三阴之所交者，必结于脚内踝上三寸，有穴
名三阴交。肾肝脾三经之所交也。其踝上各一行，每行六穴者，此肾脉之所行，名曰太冲，以肾与冲脉并皆下
行于足，合而盛大，故曰太冲，其穴在内踝之上，凡此五十七穴者，皆阴脏之阴络，水之所客处也。故治水者，
治此诸穴耳。）
《水热穴论》说：为什么少阴经主管肾脏？肾脏为什么主管水液代谢？肾属于至阴之脏，至阴之脏能盛纳水液；肺属于太阴经，少阴经对应冬季的脉象。因此，水肿病的根本在肾，标末在肺，都是水液停聚所致。（所谓“阴”，指的是寒。冬至时节寒气最盛，肾气与之相应，所以说肾是至阴之脏。水气在冬季旺盛，所以说至阴之脏盛纳水液。足少阴肾经，从肾脏向上穿过肝脏和膈肌，进入肺部，所以说病本在肾，病标在肺。如果肾气上逆，水气就会侵犯肺部，所以说两者都导致水液停聚。）肾脏为什么能够聚集水液而引发疾病？肾是胃的关口。如果这个关口开合不利，就会导致水液聚集并同类相召。（“关”的功能是掌管出入。肾主下焦，膀胱是其腑，负责水液的分布排泄，通过前阴和后阴两个窍道，所以肾气化功能正常则二便通畅，二便闭塞则胃脘胀满，因此说肾是胃的关口。如果关口闭塞则水液积聚，水液积聚则气机停滞，水积气溢，气和水性质同类，所以说关闭不利，水液聚集而同类相从。）水液上下溢出到皮肤，所以形成水肿。水肿，就是水液聚集而引发的疾病。（“上”指肺，“下”指肾，肺肾两脏水液均溢出，所以水聚于腹部从而引发疾病。）黄帝问：所有的水液病都产生于肾吗？岐伯回答：肾是牝脏（雌性之脏）。（“牝”意为阴。肾主阴位，所以称为牝脏。）地气上升者归属于肾，并由此生成水液。所以称其为至阴之脏。如果人勇猛用力且过度劳累，就会使肾汗外出；肾汗外出后若遭遇风邪，内不能进入脏腑，外不能透达皮肤，风邪客留于玄府，行走在皮里肉间，传变为水肿，其根本在于肾，病名叫做风水。（“勇而劳甚”，指的是房事过度或强力劳作。劳作勇猛出汗则玄府张开，汗出遇风则玄府重新闭合，闭合则剩余汗水未能排出，潜伏在皮肤之内，专门化为水湿，随风邪与水结合，所以名叫风水。）所谓玄府，就是汗孔。（汗液色泽黑暗，从孔隙中排出，因为汗聚积于体内，所以称之为玄府。这里说的是风水病，根源在肾，传变影响到肺。）治疗水病的俞穴有五十七处，这些穴位主要主治什么？这五十七个肾俞穴，是阴气聚集的地方，也是水液出入的通道。尾骨上方有五行穴位，每行五个，这就是肾俞穴。（背部背部的俞穴，共有五行，中间一行是督脉之气所发，旁边四行都是足太阳膀胱经脉气所发。）所以水病患者，下部表现为足背肿胀、腹部胀大，上部表现为气喘呼叫，（水邪下居于肾，则腹部至足背出现肿胀。如果水邪上入于肺，则喘息急促而大声呼叫），不能平卧，这是标本俱病，（所谓标本，肺为标，肾为本。这是肺肾两脏都因水邪致病），分为相输应，共同受病是水气停留所致。（根据水气停留的部位来命名，则是气机相互输应。追溯其共同受病的原因，则是水气停留的结果。）伏兔穴上方各有两行，每行五个穴位，这是肾气的街道（通道）。（“街”，意思是道路。腹部正中的俞穴共有五行，夹脐两旁的是足少阴肾经及冲脉之气所发，再旁边则是足阳明胃经之气所发，这四行穴位位于伏兔穴上方。）这是三条阴经在脚部交汇的地方。脚踝上方各有一行，每行六个穴位，这是肾脉向下行走的路径，名叫太冲。总共五十七个穴位，都是脏器的阴络，是水气客居的地方。（经文所说的五十七穴，尾骨上方计算共有五行，每行计算有五个穴位，这是肾的俞穴。其中间一行系属督脉这一条经脉，旁边四行系属足太阳膀胱经，因为肾与膀胱互为表里。伏兔上方各有两行，每行五个穴位，这是肾脉通行的街道，指的是夹持中行任脉两侧的冲脉。而且足三阴经的交会之处，一定结聚于脚内踝上三寸处，有一个穴位名叫三阴交，是肝、脾、肾三条经脉的交会处。其脚踝上方各有一行，每行六个穴位，这是肾脉所行的路径，名叫太冲，因为肾脉与冲脉都下行于足，汇合而盛大，所以叫太冲，这些穴位在内踝之上。凡此五十七个穴位，都是阴脏的阴络，是水气客居的地方。所以治疗水病，就是治疗这些穴位罢了。）
The *Treatise on Water and Heat Acupoints* states: Why does the Shaoyin meridian govern the Kidney? Why does the Kidney govern water metabolism? The Kidney is the organ of extreme Yin (Zhiyin, an organ characterized by extreme yin nature); the organ of extreme Yin accumulates water. The Lung belongs to the Taiyin meridian, and the Shaoyin meridian corresponds to the winter pulse. Therefore, the root of edema lies in the Kidney, while its branch manifests in the Lung; both involve the accumulation of fluid. (By "Yin," cold is meant. At the Winter Solstice, cold is at its peak, and Kidney Qi resonates with it, hence the Kidney is called the organ of extreme Yin. Water qi flourishes in winter, hence the organ of extreme Yin accumulates water. The Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian ascends from the Kidney, pierces through the Liver and Diaphragm, and enters the Lung; thus, the root is in the Kidney, and the branch is in the Lung. If Kidney Qi rebels upward, water qi invades the Lung, hence both lead to fluid accumulation.) How can the Kidney gather water and cause disease? The Kidney is the gate of the Stomach. If this gate fails to open and close properly, water gathers and attracts similar elements. ("Gate" refers to the function of controlling entry and exit. The Kidney governs the Lower Jiao, and the Bladder is its Fu organ, responsible for the distribution and excretion of fluids via the two orifices of the lower body. Thus, when Kidney Qi transforms normally, the two orifices are patent; if they are closed, the Stomach becomes full. Hence, the Kidney is said to be the gate of the Stomach. If the gate closes, water accumulates; if water accumulates, Qi stagnates. With water accumulation and Qi overflow, Qi and water are of the same nature, hence improper closure leads to water gathering and following its kind.) When water overflows up and down into the skin, edema results. Edema is disease caused by the accumulation of water. ("Up" refers to the Lung, "down" to the Kidney. When both Lung and Kidney have overflowing water, fluid gathers in the abdomen, causing disease.) The Yellow Emperor asked: Do all water diseases originate from the Kidney? Bo (Qibo) answered: The Kidney is a Pin Zang (female/ Yin organ). ("Pin" means Yin. As it governs the Yin position, it is called a Pin Zang.) Earthly Qi ascending belongs to the Kidney and generates fluid liquids. Hence it is called the organ of extreme Yin. If one exerts oneself vigorously and works excessively, Kidney sweat emerges. If this Kidney sweat encounters wind, it cannot enter the Zang-Fu organs internally, nor can it vent onto the skin externally. It lodges in the Xuanfu (pores), travels within the subcutaneous tissue, and transmits into edema. Its root is in the Kidney, and the disease is named Fengshui (Wind Edema). ("Vigorous exertion and excessive labor" refers to sexual intercourse or strenuous physical effort. Vigorous labor causes sweating, opening the Xuanfu; sweating followed by wind exposure causes the Xuanfu to close again. Closure prevents remaining sweat from exiting, causing it to hide within the skin and transform specifically into water. Following wind and combining with water, it is named Fengshui.) What is referred to as Xuanfu are the sweat pores. (Sweat has a dark hue and exits through the pores; because sweat gathers internally, it is called Xuanfu. This describes Fengshui disease, rooted in the Kidney and transmitting to the Lung.) There are fifty-seven Shu points for treating water diseases. What do they primarily govern? These fifty-seven Kidney Shu points are where Yin Qi gathers and where water enters and exits. Above the sacrum, there are five rows of acupoints, each row containing five points; these are the Kidney Shu points. (The Shu points on the back total five rows. The middle row is where the Qi of the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) emerges, and the four adjacent rows are where the Qi of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian emerges.) Therefore, in water diseases, the lower part presents with swelling of the dorsum of the foot and abdominal distension, while the upper part presents with panting and loud calling. (When water evil resides below in the Kidney, swelling occurs from the abdomen to the dorsum of the foot. If water evil moves up into the Lung, panting becomes rapid and loud calls occur.) Inability to lie flat indicates that both the root and branch are diseased. (Regarding root and branch, the Lung is the branch, and the Kidney is the root. This indicates that both Lung and Kidney are diseased by water.) They are divided into mutual transmission and reception; simultaneous involvement is due to the retention of water Qi. (Naming based on the location of water accumulation implies mutual transmission of Qi. Tracing the cause of simultaneous disease reveals it is due to retained water Qi.) Above the Futu point, there are two rows on each side, each with five points; these constitute the "streets" (channels) of the Kidney. ("Street" means pathway. The central Shu points on the abdomen total five rows. Flanking the navel are the emergence points of the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel). Further lateral are the emergence points of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. These four rows of points are located above Futu.) This is where the three Yin meridians intersect at the feet. Above each ankle, there is one row of six points; this is the downward path of the Kidney Meridian, named Taichong. All fifty-seven points are the Yin collaterals of the Zang organs and places where water Qi lodges. (The scripture mentions fifty-seven points: counting above the sacrum, there are five rows, each with five points, which are the Kidney Shu points. The middle row belongs to the Du Mai, and the four side rows belong to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, as the Kidney and Bladder are exterior-interior pairs. Above Futu, two rows on each side with five points each represent the streets through which the Kidney Meridian passes, referring to the Chong Mai flanking the Ren Mai (Conception Vessel) in the center. Furthermore, the intersection of the Foot Three Yin meridians must converge three cun above the medial malleolus, at a point named Sanyinjiao (Three Yin Intersection), which is the convergence of the Liver, Spleen, and Kidney meridians. The single row above each ankle with six points represents the path of the Kidney Meridian, named Taichong, because both the Kidney Meridian and Chong Mai descend to the foot, merging and becoming vigorous, hence "Taichong." These points are above the medial malleolus. All these fifty-seven points are the Yin collaterals of the Yin Zang organs and places where water Qi lodges. Therefore, to treat water diseases, one treats these various points.)