喜泰顺曰∶诸风掉眩,皆属肝木,惟痘疮之发,毒犯于肝,寻窍而出,故先惊
搐,手足厥冷,目睛上窜如风之证。医者当辨痘疹惊搐,不可遽投凉心之剂,苟不
审而概以惊药治之,则心寒而肌敛,毒瓦斯内陷,痘何由而出也。然痘先惊者多吉,痘
后惊者多凶;先惊则毒得外泄,而热自解,后惊则气血虚而毒反凝滞。恐后日之浆脓不附故凶,医者当谨辨之。
喜泰顺曰∶诸痛为实,诸痒为虚,痛为佳兆,痒为恶征。经曰∶实者,邪气实
也,虚者,正气虚也。又疮证为火,火盛则痛,火微则痒。如痘疮结实高耸而作痒
者,是火溢于皮肤之间,游移往来,故尔
作痒,法宜清凉解毒,外以茵陈、芫荽等药熏之,其痒自止。若七八日之期,皮薄
浆清而有是证者,是血不能附气化浆,所以作痒,其痒万不能禁,以致头面抓破。如
有鲜血淋漓,急以败草散、牛粪灰敷之,内用清凉攻毒之剂,以待变臭发毒,虽然恶
候尚在可医;若是抓破,并无脓血,痘必干枯,音哑作呛,种种变证,势必频加,临期十日,命厄归泉。
喜泰顺曰∶痘至八九日来,浆行半足,根晕未收,忽而一齐紫黑,古人名为倒靥,
请君莫认结痂,攻发若得其宜,此证犹堪复活,旁生血点再行浆危证,还当又治。若
见气急腹胀,烦躁喘渴,此毒瓦斯内攻,重归脏腑,总为恶候,定是难医。
喜泰顺说:各种风病引起的震颤和眩晕,都属于肝木(肝脏功能失调)的范畴。唯独痘疮发作时,毒邪侵犯肝脏,顺着孔窍向外透发,所以先出现惊厥抽搐、手足冰冷、眼球上翻等类似风病的症状。医生应当辨别这是痘疹引起的惊搐,不能立刻投用寒凉清心的药物。如果不加审察,一概用治惊的药物来治疗,就会导致心气寒冷而肌肉收敛,毒邪内陷,痘疮又怎么能透发出来呢?然而,痘疮发出前出现惊搐的多为吉兆,痘疮发出后出现惊搐的多为凶兆;发出前的惊搐是因为毒邪得以向外宣泄,热势自然解除;发出后的惊搐则是由于气血虚弱,毒邪反而凝滞。担心的是日后浆液脓疱不能充盈饱满,所以是凶兆,医生应当谨慎辨别。
喜泰顺说:各种疼痛属于实证,各种瘙痒属于虚证,疼痛是好的征兆,瘙痒是坏的征象。医经说:实证,是指邪气盛实;虚证,是指正气虚弱。另外,疮疡病症属于火邪,火邪旺盛则疼痛,火邪微弱则瘙痒。例如痘疮坚实高耸并且感到瘙痒的,这是火邪溢于皮肤之间,游走不定,所以才会瘙痒,治疗方法宜用清凉解毒法,外用茵陈、芫荽等药物熏蒸,其瘙痒自然会停止。如果是发病七八天时,皮薄浆清而出现这种症状的,这是血液不能依附气化生成浆液,所以产生瘙痒,这种瘙痒极其难以忍受,导致头面部被抓破。如果有鲜血淋漓,急忙用败草散、牛粪灰外敷,内服清凉攻毒的药物,等待痘疮变臭发毒,虽然这是恶候但尚可医治;如果是抓破后,并没有脓血,痘疮必然干枯,声音嘶哑呛咳,种种变证势必频繁加重,临近第十天,性命难保。
喜泰顺说:痘疮到了八九天的时候,浆液运行已经半满,根部的红晕尚未消退,忽然全部变成紫黑色,古人称之为“倒靥”(痘疮塌陷),请不要误认为是结痂。如果透发治疗得当,此证还有复活的可能;若是旁生血点且再次陷入危重证候,还应当继续治疗。如果见到呼吸急促、腹胀、烦躁气喘口渴,这是毒邪内攻,重新回归脏腑,总归是恶候,必定难以医治。
Xi Taishun stated: All wind diseases characterized by tremors and dizziness belong to the category of Liver Wood (liver dysfunction). However, when smallpox erupts, pathogenic toxins invade the Liver, seeking exit through orifices; thus, it initially presents with convulsions, cold extremities, and upward deviation of the eyes, resembling wind syndromes. Physicians must differentiate these convulsions caused by smallpox rash and must not hastily administer cooling agents for the Heart. If one fails to examine carefully and indiscriminately treats with anti-convulsant medicines, the Heart Qi will become cold and muscles will contract, causing toxins to sink inward, making it impossible for the pox to erupt. Nevertheless, convulsions occurring before the eruption of smallpox are mostly auspicious, while those after eruption are mostly inauspicious. Pre-eruption convulsions indicate that toxins are being vented outward, and heat naturally resolves; post-eruption convulsions indicate that Qi and Blood are deficient, causing toxins to stagnate. The concern is that the pustules may fail to fill adequately later, hence it is inauspicious. Physicians must exercise caution in differentiation.
Xi Taishun stated: All pain belongs to Excess patterns, and all itching belongs to Deficiency patterns. Pain is a favorable sign, while itching is an adverse sign. The Classics state: Excess refers to the abundance of pathogenic factors; Deficiency refers to the weakness of healthy Qi. Furthermore, sores and ulcers are associated with Fire. When Fire is vigorous, there is pain; when Fire is mild, there is itching. For instance, if smallpox lesions are firm, elevated, and itchy, this indicates Fire overflowing between the skin layers, wandering back and forth, thus causing itching. The treatment method should be cooling and detoxifying, fumigating externally with herbs such as Yinchen (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) and Yuansu (Coriandri Fructus), which will stop the itching. If, around the seventh or eighth day, the skin is thin and the fluid clear yet itching occurs, this signifies that Blood cannot attach to transform into fluid via Qi transformation. Such itching is extremely difficult to endure, leading to scratching until the head and face are broken. If fresh blood flows profusely, immediately apply Baicao San (Defective Grass Powder) and cow dung ash externally, and internally administer cooling and attacking-toxin formulas, waiting for the lesions to turn foul and expel toxins. Although this is an adverse condition, it remains treatable; however, if scratched open without pus or blood, the lesions will inevitably dry up, accompanied by hoarseness and choking. Various complications will intensify, and by the tenth day, death is inevitable.
Xi Taishun stated: By the eighth or ninth day of smallpox, when the fluid has reached half-fullness and the red halo at the base has not yet receded, if the lesions suddenly turn entirely purple-black, ancients termed this "Dao Ye" (reversed indentation/collapse). Do not mistake this for scabbing. If the method of promoting eruption is appropriate, this condition can still recover. If petechiae appear on the sides and the condition becomes critical again, further treatment is warranted. However, if one observes rapid breathing, abdominal distension, irritability, panting, and thirst, this indicates toxins attacking inward and returning to the Zang-Fu organs. This is universally an adverse prognosis and is definitely difficult to treat.