陈实功曰∶痼发乃天时不正之气，感而发之，非毒内作也。此患多生手足掌心，
或腰腿臀下伸缩之处，漫肿无头，憎寒壮热，四肢沉重，烦渴为甚。初起宜服万灵
丹发汗解表，如仍不消者，必欲作脓，均照痈疽已成治法。（《正宗》）
《心法》曰∶此证疼如痛风，其色淡红。
陈实功曰∶臭田螺者，乃足阳明胃经，湿火攻注，多生足指脚丫，随起白斑作烂，
先痒后痛，破流臭水，形同螺靥，甚者脚面俱肿，恶寒发热，先宜甘草汤洗净，贴
蟾酥饼，三日三换，后用珍珠散猪脊髓调搓膏盖，肿处以真君妙贴散敷之。（《正宗》）
《心法》曰∶臭田螺由胃经湿热下注而生，脚丫破烂，其患甚小，其痒搓之不能
住痒，必搓至皮烂流腥臭水觉痛时，其痒方止，次日依然作痒，经年不愈，极其缠绵。（《金鉴》）
申斗垣曰∶青蛙毒因着湿鞋潮袜，一时不觉，日久渐成此毒。状如青蛙，红赤
者可治，紫黑者痛如刀刺，经年者难愈。必用乳香血竭膏贴之，内服活血祛风之剂。（《启玄》）
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申斗垣曰∶脚丫毒是足经受证，足背趺是足三阳经，足掌心丫是足三阴经受证，
当分何经加引经药以治之。（《启玄》）
汪省之曰∶伏鼠疽多生于手足指上丫间，在背外历历三五疽，如球在皮中，痛
相应者，乃伏鼠疽。若不早治，毒瓦斯攻心即死。（《理例》）
陈实功说：痼发是由于感受了自然界不正之气而引发的，并非体内毒素自行作祟。这种病症多发生在手掌、足底中心，或者腰部、腿部、臀部等伸缩活动的部位，表现为漫肿无头，憎恶寒冷且高热，四肢沉重，烦渴症状严重。初起时适宜服用万灵丹以发汗解表，如果仍然不消退，必然化脓，均按照痈疽已成期的治法处理。（《医宗金鉴·外科正宗》）
陈实功说：臭田螺，是由于足阳明胃经的湿火攻注所致，多生长在脚趾间或脚丫处，随即出现白斑并溃烂，先痒后痛，破溃后流出臭水，形状像田螺壳，严重的连脚面都肿胀，伴有恶寒发热。初期宜用甘草汤清洗，贴上蟾酥饼，三天换三次药，之后用珍珠散配合猪脊髓调制成膏状覆盖，肿胀处以真君妙贴散敷之。（《医宗金鉴·外科正宗》）
《医宗心法》说：臭田螺是由胃经湿热下注而生，导致脚丫破烂，虽然患处看似不大，但瘙痒剧烈，搓揉不能止痒，必须搓至皮肤破损流出腥臭的水感到疼痛时，瘙痒才会停止，次日依然作痒，常年不愈，极其缠绵难愈。（《医宗金鉴》）
申斗垣说：青蛙毒是因为穿着湿鞋潮袜，一时未察觉，日久逐渐形成此毒。形状像青蛙，颜色红赤的可以治愈，紫黑色的疼痛如刀刺，病程长达一年的难以痊愈。必须用乳香血竭膏贴敷，内服活血祛风的药剂。（《外科启玄》）
申斗垣说：脚丫毒是足部经络的证候，足背趺属足三阳经，足掌心及趾缝属足三阴经，应当分辨是哪条经络受病，加入引经药来治疗。（《外科启玄》）
汪省之说：伏鼠疽多生于手足指间的缝隙中，在背部外侧零星分布三五颗疽，像球一样在皮中，疼痛相互感应，这就是伏鼠疽。如果不尽早治疗，毒瓦斯攻心就会死亡。（《外科理例》）
Chen Shigong stated: Guofa (Stubborn Hair Disease) is triggered by pathogenic qi from abnormal weather conditions, rather than internal toxins arising spontaneously. This condition mostly occurs on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, or in areas of flexion and extension such as the waist, legs, and buttocks. It presents with diffuse swelling without a head, aversion to cold with high fever, heaviness in the four limbs, and severe irritability and thirst. In the initial stage, it is appropriate to administer Wanling Dan (Ten Thousand Spirits Pill) to induce sweating and release the exterior. If the swelling does not subside, suppuration will inevitably occur; treatment should then follow the methods for established carbuncles and ulcers (Yongju). (from *Waike Zhengzong*)
*Yixue Xinfa* states: This syndrome involves pain similar to gout, with a pale red color.
Chen Shigong stated: Choutianluo (Stinky Snail) is caused by damp-heat fire attacking and pouring down through the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. It commonly arises between the toes or in the interdigital spaces of the feet. White patches appear and rot; itching precedes pain. Upon rupture, foul-smelling fluid flows out. The shape resembles a snail shell. In severe cases, the dorsum of the foot swells, accompanied by aversion to cold and fever. Initially, wash the area with Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction), apply Chansu Bing (Toad Venom Cake), changing it every three days. Subsequently, use Zhenzhu San (Pearl Powder) mixed with pig spinal cord to form a paste for covering. Apply Zhenjun Miaotie San (True Lord's Wonderful Pasting Powder) to the swollen area. (from *Waike Zhengzong*)
*Yixue Xinfa* states: Choutianluo arises from damp-heat pouring downward from the Stomach Meridian, causing the interdigital spaces to break and rot. Although the lesion appears small, the itching is intense. Rubbing cannot stop the itch; only when the skin breaks and foul-smelling fluid flows out, causing pain, does the itching cease. However, the itching returns the next day. It persists for years without healing, being extremely lingering and difficult to cure. (from *Yizong Jinjian*)
Empirical Prescription: Wash the area with a decoction of Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Yiyiren (Coicis Semen), then moisten with Huanglian Gao (Coptidis Ointment).
Shen Douyuan stated: Qingwadu (Frog Poison) results from wearing wet shoes and damp socks. Unnoticed initially, it gradually develops over time. The shape resembles a frog. Cases with redness are treatable; those with purple-black discoloration involve pain like knife stabs and are difficult to cure if chronic. Must apply Ruxiang Xuexue Gao (Frankincense and Dragon's Blood Ointment) externally, and internally administer formulas that invigorate blood and dispel wind. (from *Waike Qixuan*)
Shen Douyuan stated: Jiaoyadu (Interdigital Toxicity) is a syndrome of the foot meridians. The dorsum of the foot belongs to the Three Yang Meridians of the Foot, while the sole and interdigital spaces belong to the Three Yin Meridians of the Foot. One must distinguish which meridian is affected and add guiding herbs (Jingyin Yao) to treat it. (from *Waike Qixuan*)
Wang Shengzhi stated: Fushuju (Hidden Rat Carbuncle) mostly arises in the interdigital spaces of the hands and feet. On the lateral aspect of the back, there may be three to five scattered carbuncles, spherical in shape within the skin, with radiating pain. This is Fushuju. If not treated early, toxic vapors attacking the Heart will lead to death. (from *Waike Lili*)