《腹中论》曰∶何以知怀子之且生也？岐伯曰∶身有病而无邪脉也。（言怀子之将生者，
身虽经闭而脉则无病也。身有病者，经闭也。无邪脉者，尺中之脉和匀也。凡妇人怀妊三月，则阴阳之精尚未变
化，三月则精气正变，其气熏蒸冲胃而为恶阻，三、四月则恶阻少止，脉甚滑疾，盖男女正成形质，其气未定
也。五、六月以后则形质已定，男女已分，及八、九、十月其脉平和如无娠然，非医工深明脉理，病家肯明言者，
难以诊而知也。《脉诀》云∶滑疾不散，胎三月。但疾而散，五月至六月，已后则疾速亦无矣。然亦有始终洪数
不变者，其气甚盛，不可以一例拘也。）
《痹论篇》曰∶痹，其时有死者，或疼久者，或易已者，其故何也？岐伯曰∶其
入脏者死，其留连筋骨间者疼久，其留皮肤间者易已。（入脏者死，以神去也。筋骨疼久，以
其定也。皮肤易已，以浮浅也。由斯深浅，故有不同。）荣者，水谷之精气也，和调于五脏，洒陈于
六腑，乃能入于脉也。（《正理论》曰∶谷入于胃，脉道乃行，水入于经，其血乃成。）故循脉上下，贯
五脏，络六腑也。（荣行脉内，故无所不至。）卫者，水谷之悍气也，其气 疾滑利，不能入于
脉也，（悍气，谓浮盛之气也。以其浮盛之气，故 疾滑利，不能入于脉中也。）故循皮肤之中，分肉之
间，熏于肓膜，散于胸腹，（皮肤之中分肉之间，谓脉外也。肓膜，谓五脏之间鬲中膜也。以其浮盛，故
能布散于胸腹之中，空虚之处，熏其肓膜，令气宣通也。）逆其气则病，从其气则愈，不与风寒湿气
合，故不为痹。（夫荣卫之所行者如此，必逆荣卫之气则病，而顺荣卫之气则愈。则此荣卫者，乃气也，非
筋骨肌皮脉与五脏六腑之有形者也。不与风寒湿三气相合者也。故荣卫在人不为痹也。）痹或痛，或不痛，
或不仁，或寒，或热，或燥，或湿，其故何也？痛者，寒气多也，有寒故痛也。其
不痛不仁者，病久入深，荣卫之行涩，经络时疏，故不通，皮肤不营，故为不仁。（不
仁者，皮顽不知有无也。）其寒者，阳气少，阴气多，与病相益，故寒也。（病本生于风寒湿气，故
阴气益之也。）其热者，阳气多，阴气少，病气胜阳遭阴，故为痹热。（阴气不胜故为热。）其多
汗而濡者，此其逢湿甚也，阳气少，阴气盛，两气相感，故汗出而濡也。（言痹之所以痛
者，以其寒气多也，有寒故痛也。故曰∶其寒气胜者，为痛痹也。痹之所以不痛者，以病久则邪气日深，荣卫之
行涩，经络之脉有时而疏，故亦不为痛也。痹之所以不仁者，以其皮肤之中，少气血以为之营运，故皮顽不动，
而为不仁也。痹之所以体寒者，以卫气少，营气多，惟营气多则与病相益，故寒冷也。痹之所以体热者，以卫
气多，营气少，故邪气胜，则风气为阳，阳与营气相遭，而阴气不能胜之，故为痹热也。痹之所以湿者，以其遇
湿甚也，卫气少，营气多，两阴相感，故汗出而湿也。痹之所以燥者，虽未之言而即湿者，以反观之，则卫气多，
营气少，遇热太甚两阳相感，则可以知其为燥矣。）夫痹之为病，不痛何也？痹在于骨则重，在于
脉则血凝而不流，在于筋则屈不伸，在于肉则不仁，在皮则寒，故具此五者，则不
痛也。凡痹之类，逢寒则虫，逢热则纵。（虫，谓皮中如虫行。纵，谓纵缓不相就。）
《腹中论》说：怎样知道孕妇即将分娩呢？岐伯说：身体虽有妊娠反应（如停经等），但脉象没有病态。（意思是，将要分娩的孕妇，身体虽然出现停经等现象，但脉象却是正常的。所谓“身有病”，指的是停经；所谓“无邪脉”，指的是尺部脉象调和均匀。大凡妇女怀孕三个月时，阴阳精气尚未发生显著变化；到了第三个月，精气开始正变，其气熏蒸冲犯胃腑，导致恶阻（妊娠呕吐）；三、四个月时，恶阻症状稍减，脉象变得非常滑利快速，这是因为男女胎儿正在形成形体本质，其气尚不稳定。五、六个月以后，形体本质已经确定，男女性别已分，等到八、九、十个月时，脉象平和如同未怀孕一样。如果不是医生深刻精通脉理，产妇愿意明确告知情况，很难通过诊察得知。《脉诀》说：脉象滑利快速而不散乱，是怀孕三个月的特征。如果脉象快而散乱，则是五到六个月。之后这种快速脉象也就消失了。然而也有始终洪大数急不变的，这是胎气很盛，不能一概而论。）
《痹论篇》说：痹证，有的患者会死亡，有的疼痛持久，有的容易治愈，这是什么原因呢？岐伯说：邪气侵入五脏的会死亡，邪气停留在筋骨之间的疼痛持久，邪气停留在皮肤之间的容易治愈。（侵入五脏会死亡，是因为神气离散。筋骨疼痛持久，是因为病位固定。皮肤容易治愈，是因为病位浅表。由于病位深浅不同，所以预后也不同。）营气，是水谷的精微之气，它在五脏中调和，散布于六腑，然后才能进入脉管。（《正理论》说：食物进入胃中，脉道才能运行，水液进入经脉，血液才能生成。）所以营气循着脉管上下运行，贯穿五脏，联络六腑。（营气行于脉内，所以无处不到。）卫气，是水谷的悍烈之气，它的性质疾速滑利，不能进入脉管中，（悍气，指的是浮盛之气。因为它是浮盛之气，所以疾速滑利，不能进入脉管中。）所以它循行于皮肤之中，肌肉间隙之间，熏蒸于肓膜，散布于胸腹。（皮肤之中、肌肉间隙之间，指的是脉外。肓膜，指的是五脏之间膈中的膜。因为它浮盛，所以能布散于胸腹之中空虚之处，熏蒸肓膜，使气机宣通。）如果逆乱了营卫之气就会生病，顺应了营卫之气就会痊愈，如果不与风寒湿邪相合，就不会形成痹证。（荣卫之气运行如此，必须逆乱荣卫之气才会生病，顺应荣卫之气才会痊愈。那么这里的荣卫，指的是气，而不是筋骨肌肉皮肤脉管以及五脏六腑这些有形之物。它们不与风寒湿三气相合。所以荣卫在人体内不会形成痹证。）痹证有的疼痛，有的不痛，有的麻木不仁，有的发冷，有的发热，有的干燥，有的湿润，这是什么原因呢？疼痛，是因为寒气多，有寒所以疼痛。那些不痛且麻木不仁的，是因为病程长久，邪气深入，营卫运行涩滞，经络有时空虚疏泄，所以不通畅，皮肤得不到气血濡养，所以成为麻木不仁。（麻木不仁，是指皮肤顽钝，不知痛痒有无。）那些发冷的，是因为阳气少，阴气多，与病邪相益，所以寒冷。（病本由风寒湿气引起，所以阴气助长了它。）那些发热的，是因为阳气多，阴气少，病气胜过阳气，遭遇阴气制约，所以表现为痹热。（阴气不能胜阳，所以发热。）那些多汗且湿润的，是因为逢遇湿邪严重，阳气少，阴气盛，两气相互感应，所以出汗且湿润。（解释痹证之所以疼痛，是因为寒气多，有寒所以痛。所以说：寒气胜的，称为痛痹。痹证之所以不痛的，是因为病久则邪气日益深入，营卫运行涩滞，经络脉气有时疏泄，所以也不痛。痹证之所以麻木不仁的，是因为皮肤之中，缺少气血来营运，所以皮肤顽钝不动，成为麻木不仁。痹证之所以体寒的，是因为卫气少，营气多，只有营气多则与病邪相益，所以寒冷。痹证之所以体热的，是因为卫气多，营气少，所以邪气胜，风气属阳，阳与营气相遭，而阴气不能胜之，所以为痹热。痹证之所以湿的，是因为遇湿甚，卫气少，营气多，两阴相感，所以汗出而湿。痹证之所以燥的，虽然文中未直接言及，但从湿证反观，若卫气多，营气少，遇热太甚，两阳相感，就可以推知其为燥了。）夫痹证这种病，为什么不痛呢？痹证在骨则沉重，在脉则血液凝滞不流，在筋则屈伸不利，在肉则麻木不仁，在皮则寒冷，所以具备这五种情况，就不痛了。大凡痹证之类，逢遇寒邪则拘急（如虫行感），逢遇热邪则弛纵。（虫，指皮肤中像有虫子爬行的感觉。纵，指弛缓不相连接。）
The *Abdominal Discussion* states: How can one know that a pregnant woman is about to give birth? Qibo said: The body has symptoms (such as amenorrhea), but the pulse shows no signs of disease. (This means that for a pregnant woman near delivery, although the body exhibits amenorrhea, the pulse is normal. "Body having disease" refers to amenorrhea; "No pathological pulse" refers to the Chi position pulse being harmonious and even. Generally, when a woman is three months pregnant, the essence of Yin and Yang has not yet undergone significant transformation. By the third month, the essence and Qi undergo positive changes; this Qi steams upward and harasses the Stomach, causing morning sickness (emesis gravidarum). At three to four months, morning sickness subsides slightly, and the pulse becomes very slippery and rapid, as the male or female fetus is forming its physical structure, and its Qi is not yet stable. After five to six months, the physical structure is established, and the sex is determined. By eight, nine, or ten months, the pulse is peaceful and calm, resembling that of an unpregnant person. Unless the physician deeply understands pulse diagnosis and the patient is willing to speak clearly, it is difficult to diagnose through palpation alone. The *Pulse Classic* says: A slippery and rapid pulse that does not scatter indicates three months of pregnancy. If the pulse is rapid and scattered, it indicates five to six months. Afterward, this rapid quality disappears. However, there are cases where the pulse remains full, large, and rapid throughout, indicating vigorous fetal Qi; such cases cannot be judged by a single rule.)
The *Bi Syndrome Discussion* states: In Bi syndrome, some patients die, some suffer from prolonged pain, and some recover easily. What is the reason? Qibo said: If the pathogen enters the Zang organs, death ensues; if it lingers between the sinews and bones, the pain persists; if it stays in the skin, it is easy to cure. (Entering the Zang organs leads to death because the Shen [Spirit] departs. Pain in the sinews and bones persists because the location is fixed. Ease of cure in the skin is due to its superficiality. Due to these differences in depth, the outcomes differ.) Ying [Nutritive] Qi is the refined essence of food and water. It harmonizes within the Five Zang organs and distributes to the Six Fu organs, thereby entering the vessels. (The *Zheng Li Lun* states: When grain enters the Stomach, the vessel pathways begin to flow; when water enters the meridians, blood is formed.) Thus, Ying Qi circulates up and down along the vessels, penetrating the Five Zang organs and connecting with the Six Fu organs. (Ying Qi travels within the vessels, so it reaches everywhere.) Wei [Defensive] Qi is the fierce and robust Qi derived from food and water. Its nature is swift and slippery, and it cannot enter the vessels. (Fierce Qi refers to floating and abundant Qi. Because it is floating and abundant, it is swift and slippery, unable to enter the vessels.) Therefore, it circulates among the skin and between the muscles, steaming the Huang membrane [a specific anatomical region], and dispersing in the chest and abdomen. (Among the skin and between the muscles refers to outside the vessels. The Huang membrane refers to the membranes between the Zang organs and the diaphragm. Because it is floating and abundant, it can disperse into the empty spaces of the chest and abdomen, steaming the Huang membrane to promote the free flow of Qi.) If the flow of Ying and Wei Qi is reversed, illness occurs; if it follows the natural flow, recovery ensues. If it does not combine with Wind, Cold, or Dampness, Bi syndrome does not form. (As Ying and Wei Qi function thus, reversing their flow causes illness, while following their flow leads to health. Thus, Ying and Wei refer to Qi, not to tangible structures like sinews, bones, muscles, skin, vessels, Zang, or Fu organs. They do not combine with the three pathogens of Wind, Cold, and Dampness. Therefore, Ying and Wei within the human body do not constitute Bi syndrome.) Bi syndrome may present with pain, without pain, numbness, cold, heat, dryness, or dampness. What is the reason? Pain is caused by excessive Cold; presence of Cold leads to pain. Cases of no pain and numbness occur because the disease has been long-standing and deep-seated; Ying and Wei Qi flow becomes sluggish, and the meridians are sometimes sparse and deficient, leading to blockage. The skin lacks nourishment, resulting in numbness. (Numbness refers to skin insensitivity, unawareness of touch or pain.) Cold sensations arise from deficiency of Yang Qi and excess of Yin Qi, which exacerbate the pathological condition, leading to cold. (The disease originates from Wind, Cold, and Dampness, so Yin Qi aids the pathology.) Heat sensations arise from excess Yang Qi and deficiency of Yin Qi. The pathogenic factor overcomes Yang, encountering Yin, resulting in Bi-Heat. (Yin Qi fails to overcome Yang, hence heat.) Profuse sweating and dampness occur when Dampness is severe. Yang Qi is deficient, Yin Qi is abundant, and the two energies interact, causing sweating and dampness. (To explain why Bi causes pain: it is due to excess Cold; presence of Cold causes pain. Hence, it is said: Excess Cold constitutes Pain-Bi. Why Bi may not cause pain: because prolonged disease drives pathogens deeper, Ying and Wei flow becomes sluggish, and meridian Qi is sometimes sparse, so pain does not occur. Why Bi causes numbness: lack of Qi and Blood circulation in the skin makes it insensible and immobile. Why Bi causes cold body sensation: Wei Qi is deficient, Ying Qi is abundant; excess Ying Qi interacts with the pathogen, causing cold. Why Bi causes heat body sensation: Wei Qi is abundant, Ying Qi is deficient; thus, the pathogen prevails. Wind belongs to Yang; Yang encounters Ying Qi, and Yin cannot overcome it, resulting in Bi-Heat. Why Bi causes dampness: due to severe exposure to Dampness; Wei Qi is deficient, Ying Qi is abundant, two Yins interact, causing sweat and dampness. Why Bi causes dryness: although not explicitly stated, observing the reverse of dampness: if Wei Qi is abundant, Ying Qi is deficient, and heat is extreme, two Yangs interact, indicating dryness.) Why does Bi syndrome sometimes not cause pain? If Bi is in the bone, there is heaviness; if in the vessels, blood coagulates and stagnates; if in the sinews, flexion and extension are impaired; if in the flesh, there is numbness; if in the skin, there is cold. Possessing any of these five conditions results in absence of pain. Generally, Bi syndromes contract or feel like insects crawling upon exposure to Cold, and become flaccid or relaxed upon exposure to Heat. (Crawling sensation refers to the feeling of insects moving under the skin. Flaccidity refers to relaxation and loss of tension.)