两动一止或三四,三动一止六七死,四动一止即八朝,以此推排但根据次。(池氏曰∶暴
病者,喜怒惊恐,其气暴逆,致风寒暑湿所侵,病生之暴,损动胃气而绝,即死不过十日也。脉两动而一止,乃
胃气将绝,犹得三四日方死。三动一止,而胃气将尽,犹得六七日方死,谷气绝尽方死。仿此而推,若至十五动
而二止,乃死期在于一年矣。)
又歌曰∶寸平无病何谓死,尺泽原来脉不存,君知此理是何物,犹如草木已无
根。(人之有尺,犹树之有根,枝叶虽枯槁,根本将自生,病患两尺有根,虽病不死,若诊得两尺无根,有病必死,
无病之人,亦主暴亡。)
病患肝绝八日死,何以知之?面青但欲伏眠,目视而不见人,汗(一作泣)出如水不止。(一曰二日死。)
病患胆绝七日死,何以知之?眉为之倾。
病患筋绝九日死,何以知之?手足爪甲青,呼骂不休。(一曰八日死。)
病患心绝一日死,何以知之?肩息回视立死。(一曰口亭亭,二日死。)
病患肠绝(一曰小肠绝。)六日死,何以知之?发直如干麻,不得屈伸,自汗不止。
病患脾绝十一日死,何以知之?口冷足肿,腹热胪胀,泄利不觉,出无时度。(一曰五日死)
病患胃绝五日死,何以知之?脊痛腰中重,不可反复。(一曰脬肠平,九日死。)
病患肉绝六日死,何以知之?干舌皆肿,溺血,大便赤泄。(一曰足肿九日死。)
病患肺绝三日死,何以知之?口张但气出而不收。(一曰鼻口虚张短气。)
病患大肠绝不治,何以知之?泄利无度,利绝则死。
病患肾绝四日死,何以知之?齿为暴枯,面为正黑,自中黄色,腰中欲折,自
汗出如流水。(一曰人中平,七日死。)
病患骨绝齿黄落,十日死。诸浮脉无根者皆死。已上五脏六腑为根也。
(脉象)跳动两次出现一次停顿,或者跳动三次出现一次停顿,预后尚可;若跳动三次出现一次停顿且持续六七天,或跳动四次出现一次停顿至第八天,则主死亡。以此类推排比,皆依据此规律。(池氏说:暴病,是由于喜怒惊恐导致气机突然逆乱,致使风寒暑湿等邪气侵袭,病情发作急骤,损伤胃气而致绝,通常在十日内死亡。脉象跳动两次出现一次停顿,是胃气即将断绝之兆,大约还能存活三四天;跳动三次出现一次停顿,胃气将尽,大约还能存活六七天,直到谷气完全断绝才会死亡。仿照此类推演,若跳动十五次出现两次停顿,则死期在一年之后。)
又有一首口诀说:寸口脉象平和看似无病,为何却判定为死证?因为尺部原本就没有脉搏。你若明白这个道理是什么,这就好比草木已经失去了根基。(人的尺部脉,就像树木的根系一样,枝叶虽然干枯凋谢,但根基尚存就能重新生长。如果患者双侧尺部脉有根,即使患病也不会死亡;如果诊察发现双侧尺部脉无根,若有病必死,即便没有明显病症的人,也会发生突然死亡。)
肝气绝的患者,八日后死亡,如何知道呢?面色发青,只想趴着睡觉,眼睛直视却无法看清人,汗水像水一样流出不止。(另一种说法是两到三日死亡。)
筋气绝的患者,九日后死亡,如何知道呢?手足指甲发青,呼叫谩骂不停歇。(另一种说法是八日死亡。)
心气绝的患者,一日后死亡,如何知道呢?呼吸时肩膀耸动(肩息),目光呆滞回视,立即死亡。(另一种说法是口唇颤动,两日死亡。)
肠气绝(一说小肠气绝)的患者,六日后死亡,如何知道呢?头发直立像干麻草一样,身体不能屈伸,自汗不止。
脾气绝的患者,十一日后死亡,如何知道呢?口冷足肿,腹部发热且胸腹胀满,腹泻失禁,排泄没有定时限度。(另一种说法是五日死亡。)
胃气绝的患者,五日后死亡,如何知道呢?脊柱疼痛,腰部沉重,无法翻身转动。(另一种说法是膀胱与肠道功能平复,九日死亡。)
肉气绝的患者,六日后死亡,如何知道呢?舌头干燥且全部肿胀,尿血,大便呈赤色泄泻。(另一种说法是足肿,九日死亡。)
肺气绝的患者,三日后死亡,如何知道呢?口张不开,只有气呼出而无法吸入。(另一种说法是鼻口虚张,呼吸短促。)
大肠气绝者属不治之症,如何知道呢?腹泻痢疾没有节制,当利下停止时即死亡。
肾气绝的患者,四日后死亡,如何知道呢?牙齿突然枯槁,面色正黑,人中部位发黄,腰部感觉要折断,自汗流出如流水一般。(另一种说法是人中部位平满,七日死亡。)
(Pulse) If there is one intermission after two beats, or after three to four beats, the prognosis is relatively stable; if there is one intermission after three beats persisting for six to seven days, or after four beats up to the eighth day, it indicates death. This deduction follows this sequence. (Chi Shuo: Acute diseases arise from sudden emotional disturbances such as anger, joy, fear, and fright, causing Qi to rebel violently. This allows pathogenic factors like Wind-Cold, Summer-Heat, and Dampness to invade. The disease manifests abruptly, damaging Stomach Qi until it perishes, leading to death within ten days. A pulse with one intermission after two beats indicates that Stomach Qi is about to perish, with survival expected for three to four more days. One intermission after three beats indicates Stomach Qi is nearly exhausted, with survival expected for six to seven more days until Grain Qi is completely depleted. By analogy, if there are two intermissions after fifteen beats, the time of death is in one year.)
Another verse states: Why is a patient declared dead when the Cun (inch) position pulse appears normal and free of disease? It is because the Chi (cubit) position originally lacks a pulse. If you understand the principle behind this, it is like a plant that has lost its roots. (The Chi pulse in humans is analogous to the roots of a tree. Although the branches and leaves may wither, if the root remains, life can regenerate. If a patient's bilateral Chi pulses have a root, they will not die despite illness. If the bilateral Chi pulses lack a root, death is certain if ill; even if asymptomatic, sudden death may occur.)
When Liver Qi perishes, death occurs after eight days. How is this known? The face turns blue-green, the patient desires to lie prone, eyes stare fixedly but cannot see people, and sweat flows continuously like water. (Another account says death occurs in two to three days.)
When Gallbladder Qi perishes, death occurs after seven days. How is this known? The eyebrows droop or tilt.
When Tendon Qi perishes, death occurs after nine days. How is this known? The fingernails and toenails turn cyanotic, and the patient calls out and curses incessantly. (Another account says death occurs in eight days.)
When Heart Qi perishes, death occurs after one day. How is this known? Shoulder breathing (Shanxi) is present, gaze is fixed and staring, leading to immediate death. (Another account says lip tremors occur, with death in two days.)
When Intestine Qi perishes (or Small Intestine Qi perishes), death occurs after six days. How is this known? Hair stands straight like dry hemp, the body cannot bend or stretch, and spontaneous sweating continues without stop.
When Spleen Qi perishes, death occurs after eleven days. How is this known? The mouth feels cold and feet swell, the abdomen is hot and distended, diarrhea is incontinent, and excretion has no regular interval. (Another account says death occurs in five days.)
When Stomach Qi perishes, death occurs after five days. How is this known? There is pain in the spine and heaviness in the waist, making it impossible to turn over. (Another account says bladder and intestinal functions flatten, with death in nine days.)
When Flesh Qi perishes, death occurs after six days. How is this known? The tongue is dry and swollen throughout, hematuria occurs, and stool is red and loose. (Another account says foot swelling occurs, with death in nine days.)
When Lung Qi perishes, death occurs after three days. How is this known? The mouth is open, only air exits but cannot be inhaled. (Another account says the nose and mouth are vacuously open with shortness of breath.)
Intestine Qi perishing is incurable. How is this known? Diarrhea and dysentery are uncontrolled; when the discharge ceases, death follows.
When Kidney Qi perishes, death occurs after four days. How is this known? Teeth become suddenly brittle, the face turns black, the area between the nose and upper lip (Ren Zhong) turns yellow, the waist feels as if it will break, and spontaneous sweat flows like running water. (Another account says Ren Zhong becomes flat, with death in seven days.)
Bone Qi perishing involves yellowing and falling of teeth, with death occurring after ten days. All floating pulses lacking a root indicate death. These above describe the fundamental signs of Qi perishing in the Five Zang and Six Fu organs.