浮脉,属阴,主表,举指轻按而得之,曰浮。
浮而有力为洪。
浮而无力为芤。
浮而长大为实。
沉脉,属阴,主里,举指重按而得之,
曰沉。
沉而有力为滑。
沉而无力为弱。
沉而似有似无为微。
沉而至骨为伏。
迟脉,属阴,在脏,举指半重,按之在内,再按乃见,一息三至,曰迟。
迟而有力为涩。
迟而无力为濡。
迟而似有似无为缓。
数脉,属阳,在腑,举指轻按而极急,
一息六至,曰数。
数而有力为弦。
数而无力为紧。
左寸心部 浮数头痛热梦惊,浮迟腹冷胃虚真,沉数狂言并舌强,沉迟气短力
难成。(主气不相接续。)
左关肝部 浮数患风筋脉抽,浮迟冷眼泪难收,沉数背疮常怒气,沉迟不睡损双眸。
左尺肾部 浮数劳热小便赤,浮迟阴肿浊来侵,沉数腰疼生赤浊,沉迟白浊耳虚鸣。
右寸肺部 浮数中风喉热闭,浮迟冷气泻难禁,沉数风痰并气喘,沉迟气弱冷涎停。
右关脾部 浮数龈宣并盗汗,浮迟胃冷气虚膨,沉数热多兼口臭,沉迟腹满胀坚生。
右尺命门 浮数世精三焦热,浮迟冷气浊时淋,沉数渴来小便数,沉迟虚冷小便频。
内因脉(喜怒忧思悲恐惊,内应气口。)喜怒伤
心脉必虚,思伤脾脉结中居,因忧伤肺脉必涩,怒气伤肝脉更濡,恐伤于肾脉沉是,
缘惊伤胆动相须,脉紧因悲伤胞络,七情气口内因之。
外因脉(风寒暑湿燥火,内应人迎。)紧则伤寒肾不移,虚因伤暑向胞推,涩缘伤燥须观
肺,细缓伤湿要观脾,浮则伤风肝部应,弱为伤火察心知,六邪合脉须当审,免使将寒作热医。
不内不外因脉 劳神役虑定伤心,虚涩之中仔细寻,劳役阴阳伤肾部,忽然紧
脉必相侵,房帷任意伤心络,微涩之中宜忖度,疲极筋力更伤肝,指下寻之脉弦弱,
饮食饥饱定伤脾,未可轻将一例推,饥则缓弦当别议,若然滑实饱无疑,叫呼损气
因伤气,燥弱脉中宜熟记,能推不内外中因,生死吉凶都在是。
浮脉,属于阴,主表证,手指轻按即可触及,称为浮。
浮而有力的是洪脉。
浮而无力的则是芤脉。
浮且形态长大的是实脉。
沉脉,属于阴,主里证,手指重按才能触及,称为沉。
沉而有力的是滑脉。
沉而无力的则是弱脉。
沉且似有似无的是微脉。
沉且需按至骨部才能触及的是伏脉。
迟脉,属于阴,对应脏病,手指半重按,感觉脉搏在内层,再按方能感知,一呼一吸间脉动三次,称为迟。
迟而有力的是涩脉。
迟而无力的则是濡脉。
迟且似有似无的是缓脉。
数脉,属于阳,对应腑病,手指轻按时感觉极急迫,一呼一吸间脉动六次,称为数。
数而有力的是弦脉。
数而无力的则是紧脉。
左寸心部:若见浮数脉,主头痛、发热、多梦、惊悸;若见浮迟脉,主腹部寒冷、胃气虚弱;若见沉数脉,主胡言乱语、舌体僵硬;若见沉迟脉,主气短、气息难以接续(主要指气不相接续)。
左关肝部:若见浮数脉,主患风邪、筋脉抽搐;若见浮迟脉,主冷泪难收;若见沉数脉,主背部疮疡、常发怒气;若见沉迟脉,主失眠、双目受损。
左尺肾部:若见浮数脉,主劳热、小便色赤;若见浮迟脉,主阴部肿胀、浊气侵袭;若见沉数脉,主腰痛、产生赤色浊物;若见沉迟脉,主白浊、耳鸣虚损。
右寸肺部:若见浮数脉,主中风、喉部发热闭塞;若见浮迟脉,主冷气、腹泻难以控制;若见沉数脉,主风痰、气喘;若见沉迟脉,主气弱、冷涎停滞。
右关脾部:若见浮数脉,主牙龈出血、盗汗;若见浮迟脉,主胃寒、气虚腹胀;若见沉数脉,主热盛兼有口臭;若见沉迟脉,主腹部胀满坚硬。
右尺命门:若见浮数脉,主相火妄动、三焦热盛;若见浮迟脉,主冷气、时发淋浊;若见沉数脉,主口渴、小便频数;若见沉迟脉,主虚冷、小便频繁。
内因脉(喜怒忧思悲恐惊七情,内应于气口):喜悦或愤怒伤心,脉象必然虚弱;思虑伤脾,脉象结滞居中;忧伤肺,脉象必然涩滞;愤怒伤肝,脉象更加濡软;恐惧伤肾,脉象表现为沉;惊恐伤胆,脉象动而相须(相互呼应);悲伤导致胞络受损,脉象紧束。这是七情通过气口反映出的内因脉象。
外因脉(风寒暑湿燥火六淫,内应于人迎):脉紧是伤寒,病位在肾不移;脉虚是伤暑,病位向胞宫推断;脉涩是伤燥,须观察肺部;脉细缓是伤湿,须观察脾部;脉浮是伤风,应验于肝部;脉弱是伤火,察之于心可知。对于六邪合致的脉象必须审慎辨别,以免将寒证误作热证治疗。
不内不外因脉:劳神过度定伤心,需在虚涩的脉象中仔细探寻;劳役过度损伤阴阳及肾部,忽然出现紧脉必定相互侵扰;房事随意损伤心之络脉,需在微涩的脉象中斟酌判断;极度疲劳损伤筋骨则更伤肝,指下寻得脉象弦弱;饮食饥饱不定定伤脾,不可轻易一概而论,饥饿时脉象缓弦应当另议,若是滑实脉则无疑是饱食所致;叫呼过度损耗元气因而伤气,应在燥弱的脉象中熟记于心。能推演出不内外因的脉理,生死吉凶便都包含其中了。
Floating pulse (Fu Mai, floating pulse) belongs to Yin and governs exterior syndromes; it is obtained by light palpation with the fingers and is called Floating.
A Floating pulse that is forceful is termed Hong pulse (Hong Mai, surging pulse).
A Floating pulse that is powerless is termed Kou pulse (Kou Mai, scallion stalk pulse).
A Floating pulse that is large and long is termed Shi pulse (Shi Mai, excess pulse).
Sinking pulse (Chen Mai, deep pulse) belongs to Yin and governs interior syndromes; it is obtained by heavy palpation with the fingers and is called Sinking.
A Sinking pulse that is forceful is termed Hua pulse (Hua Mai, slippery pulse).
A Sinking pulse that is powerless is termed Ruo pulse (Ruo Mai, weak pulse).
A Sinking pulse that seems present yet absent is termed Wei pulse (Wei Mai, faint pulse).
A Sinking pulse that can only be felt when pressing to the bone is termed Fu pulse (Fu Mai, hidden pulse).
Chi pulse (Chi Mai, slow pulse) belongs to Yin and corresponds to Zang organ diseases; it requires half-heavy pressure, feeling the pulse in the interior layer, becoming visible upon further pressing, beating three times per respiration cycle, and is called Chi.
A Chi pulse that is forceful is termed Se pulse (Se Mai, choppy pulse).
A Chi pulse that is powerless is termed Ru pulse (Ru Mai, soggy pulse).
A Chi pulse that seems present yet absent is termed Huan pulse (Huan Mai, moderate pulse).
Shu pulse (Shu Mai, rapid pulse) belongs to Yang and corresponds to Fu organ diseases; it feels extremely urgent under light palpation, beating six times per respiration cycle, and is called Shu.
A Shu pulse that is forceful is termed Xian pulse (Xian Mai, bowstring pulse).
A Shu pulse that is powerless is termed Jin pulse (Jin Mai, tight pulse).
Left Cun position (Heart region): A Floating-Shu pulse indicates headache, fever, vivid dreams, and palpitations; a Floating-Chi pulse indicates abdominal coldness and true deficiency of Stomach Qi; a Sinking-Shu pulse indicates delirious speech and tongue stiffness; a Sinking-Chi pulse indicates shortness of breath and difficulty in sustaining breath (primarily referring to discontinuity of Qi).
Left Guan position (Liver region): A Floating-Shu pulse indicates wind disease with tendon and vessel spasms; a Floating-Chi pulse indicates cold tears difficult to restrain; a Sinking-Shu pulse indicates back sores and frequent anger; a Sinking-Chi pulse indicates insomnia and damage to the eyes.
Left Chi position (Kidney region): A Floating-Shu pulse indicates labor-induced heat and red urine; a Floating-Chi pulse indicates swelling of the yin organs and invasion by turbid pathogens; a Sinking-Shu pulse indicates lower back pain and generation of red turbidity; a Sinking-Chi pulse indicates white turbidity and tinnitus due to deficiency.
Right Cun position (Lung region): A Floating-Shu pulse indicates wind-stroke with throat heat and obstruction; a Floating-Chi pulse indicates cold qi and uncontrollable diarrhea; a Sinking-Shu pulse indicates wind-phlegm and asthma; a Sinking-Chi pulse indicates weak Qi and stagnation of cold saliva.
Right Guan position (Spleen region): A Floating-Shu pulse indicates gingival bleeding and night sweats; a Floating-Chi pulse indicates Stomach cold, Qi deficiency, and abdominal distension; a Sinking-Shu pulse indicates excessive heat accompanied by bad breath; a Sinking-Chi pulse indicates abdominal fullness and hardness.
Right Chi position (Mingmen/Gate of Life): A Floating-Shu pulse indicates ministerial fire hyperactivity and heat in the Triple Burner; a Floating-Chi pulse indicates cold qi and intermittent dysuria with turbidity; a Sinking-Shu pulse indicates thirst and frequent urination; a Sinking-Chi pulse indicates deficiency-cold and frequent urination.
Internal Cause Pulses (Joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear, and fright correspond internally to the Qi Kou [Radial Artery]): Joy or anger injuring the Heart results in a necessarily deficient pulse; thought injuring the Spleen results in a knotted pulse situated centrally; grief injuring the Lung results in a necessarily choppy pulse; anger injuring the Liver results in a more soggy pulse; fear injuring the Kidney results in a sinking pulse; fright injuring the Gallbladder results in a moving pulse that correlates mutually; sorrow causing injury to the Pericardium Collateral results in a tight pulse. These are the internal cause pulses reflected through the Qi Kou from the Seven Emotions.
External Cause Pulses (Wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness, and fire correspond internally to the Ren Ying [Carotid Artery]): A tight pulse indicates cold damage, with the pathology fixed in the Kidney; a deficient pulse indicates summer-heat damage, with the pathology inferred towards the Bao (Uterus/Pericardium); a choppy pulse indicates dryness damage, requiring observation of the Lung; a fine and moderate pulse indicates dampness damage, requiring observation of the Spleen; a floating pulse indicates wind damage, corresponding to the Liver region; a weak pulse indicates fire damage, discernible by observing the Heart. The combined pulses of the Six Evils must be carefully examined to avoid treating cold syndromes as heat syndromes.
Non-Internal Non-External Cause Pulses: Mental overwork definitely injures the Heart; one must carefully search within deficient and choppy pulses. Physical overwork damages Yin-Yang and the Kidney region; a sudden appearance of a tight pulse indicates mutual invasion. Indulgence in sexual activity injures the Collaterals of the Heart; one should deliberate within micro-choppy pulses. Extreme physical fatigue injures the tendons and bones, thereby further injuring the Liver; searching with the fingers reveals a string-taut and weak pulse. Irregular eating and drinking definitely injure the Spleen; one cannot lightly generalize. Hunger presents with a moderate and string-taut pulse, which requires separate discussion; if slippery and excess, it is undoubtedly due to satiety. Loud calling damages Qi and thus injures Qi; this should be well remembered within dry and weak pulses. One who can deduce the non-internal non-external causes finds life, death, auspiciousness, and misfortune all contained therein.