喉疳，喉间上 有青白红点平坦者是也，或亦有喉间作痛而溃烂者，此由肾虚火旺，沸
腾上部而发。治之须用六味丸加减。若山栀、黄芩、元参、丹参、女贞、知母、龟板之属，
随宜用之；吹药冰青散中加五倍子、白芷、牛黄、珍珠、黄连等物。又有肺经热毒积聚而发
者，其证生于咽喉之下，肺管之上，看之不见，吹药不到，饮食妨碍，此名过桥疳，溃烂作
痛，往往久而不愈。此或系天行疫毒，或系梅疮遗毒，俱宜服化毒丹、银花解毒汤或凉膈散
；吹药与上同。
喉菌状如浮萍，略高而浓紫色，生于喉旁，因忧郁气滞血热而生，妇人多患之。轻则半
月二十日，重者月余。要在治之得法，患者守戒忌口，方能痊愈。加味逍遥散主之。
夫喉痹者，咽喉肿痛无形（肿而无形者为喉痹，肿而有形即为蛾为痈），或肿一边，或肿
两边，妨于饮食，阻于呼吸，故名痹也。经曰∶一阴一阳结，谓之喉痹。一阴，少阴君火也
；一阳，少阳相火也，二脉俱络咽喉。或其人平素阴亏，君相无制，亢甚逆于喉中而结；或
外为风温所袭，助其火邪，致循肺络，入喉而结。其风热喉痹，内外皆肿，痰涎壅塞喉间。
治法先去其痰，肿甚者用刀点之，出血泻火，以冰硼散吹之，内服羚羊角散，或黄连解毒汤可
愈。至虚火上攻而为痹者，宜服六味地黄汤、知柏八味丸、大补阴丸之属，以滋阴壮水为主
。又有肾水衰竭，龙火不藏，上越于喉中而成痹者，以肾脉循喉咙，故火亢亦有此证。其人
必时时咳嗽，咽燥口渴，手足心热，脉细数。若但壮其水，而龙火不肯潜藏，须用导火归源
之法，从下而引之，方能退伏，若桂附八味丸是也。余如阿胶、麦冬、龟板、燕窝、女贞、
贝母、元参之类，清燥救肺，亦可随时酌用。
喉癣之生也，始时必有阴虚咳嗽，后遂喉中作痒而痛，咽唾随觉干燥，必再加咽唾而后
快，久则成形，或如哥窑纹样，又如秋叶背后红丝，又或红点密密，如蚊蚤咬迹之状。良以
真阴亏损，肾火上冲，肺金受烁，营卫枯槁而结。治法与喉痹大略相等。此证若久不愈，则
咽喉必至失音而成损怯，不可救矣。治以清燥救肺汤，或大补阴丸，或知柏八味丸。
喉疳，是指咽喉部位出现青白色或红色的平坦斑点。有时也会伴有咽喉疼痛并发生溃烂，这是由于肾阴亏虚、虚火旺盛，火热之气上腾至头部和面部而引发的。治疗时必须使用六味丸进行加减化裁。可以根据具体情况选用山栀、黄芩、玄参、丹参、女贞子、知母、龟板等药物；外用吹药可在冰硼散中加入五倍子、白芷、牛黄、珍珠、黄连等药材。又有因肺经热毒积聚而发作者，其病变生于咽喉下方、气管上方，肉眼难以看见，吹药也难以到达，导致饮食受阻，这称为“过桥疳”，表现为溃烂疼痛，往往久治不愈。这可能是由于时行疫毒所致，也可能是梅毒遗留的毒素，均适宜服用化毒丹、银花解毒汤或凉膈散；外用吹药与前述相同。
喉菌的形状像浮萍，略微隆起且呈浓紫色，生于咽喉旁边，是由于忧郁导致气机阻滞、血分有热而生成的，妇女多患此病。轻症半月到二十天可愈，重症则需月余。关键在于治疗方法得当，患者遵守禁忌、注意饮食，才能痊愈。主方用加味逍遥散。
所谓喉痹，是指咽喉肿痛但无明显肿块（肿而无明显形态者为喉痹，肿而有明显形态则为乳蛾或痈），可能只肿一边，也可能两边都肿，妨碍饮食，阻碍呼吸，因此称为“痹”。《内经》说：“一阴一阳结，谓之喉痹。”一阴指的是少阴君火；一阳指的是少阳相火，这两条经脉都联络咽喉。或者是此人平素阴液亏损，君火和相火失去制约，亢盛逆乱于喉中而凝结；或者是外受风温邪气侵袭，助长火邪，致使邪气顺着肺络进入喉中而凝结。对于风热引起的喉痹，内外皆肿，痰涎壅塞在喉间。治疗方法先去痰，肿胀严重的用刀刺破出血以泻火，然后用冰硼散吹入喉中，内服羚羊角散，或黄连解毒汤即可治愈。至于虚火上攻导致的喉痹，适宜服用六味地黄汤、知柏八味丸、大补阴丸等药物，以滋阴壮水为主。又有因肾水衰竭，龙雷之火不能潜藏，向上越出至喉中而形成喉痹的，因为肾脉循行经过喉咙，所以火气亢盛也会有这种证候。这种人必定时常咳嗽，咽干口渴，手足心发热，脉象细数。如果仅仅滋补阴液，而龙雷之火不肯潜藏，必须采用引火归源的方法，从下部引导火势下行，才能使伏火消退，比如桂附八味丸就是此类。其余如阿胶、麦冬、龟板、燕窝、女贞子、贝母、玄参之类，具有清燥救肺功效的药物，也可以随时酌情选用。
喉癣的发生，起初必然有阴虚咳嗽的症状，随后咽喉中感到瘙痒且疼痛，吞咽唾液时会觉得干燥，必须再吞咽唾液后才感觉舒适，时间久了形成特定形状，有的像哥窑瓷器的纹路，有的又像秋天树叶背面的红色丝络，或者红点密集，像蚊虫叮咬的痕迹一样。这是因为真阴亏损，肾火上冲，灼伤肺金，营卫气血枯槁而凝结。治疗方法与喉痹大致相同。此证如果长久不愈，咽喉最终会导致失音并发展成损怯之证，就无法救治了。治疗可用清燥救肺汤，或大补阴丸，或知柏八味丸。
Hougan (Ulcerative Lesions of the Throat) refers to flat, bluish-white or red spots appearing in the throat. Sometimes it is accompanied by soreness and ulceration of the throat. This condition arises from Kidney Yin deficiency with hyperactive fire, where heat flares upward to the head and neck region. Treatment requires the modification of Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). Depending on the specific presentation, herbs such as Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix), Nvzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), and Guiban (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum) may be selected appropriately. For external application, Wubeizi (Galae Chinensis), Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix), Niuhuang (Bovis Calculus), Zhenzhu (Margarita), and Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) can be added to Bingpeng San (Ice and Borax Powder). Another type arises from the accumulation of heat-toxin in the Lung Meridian. The lesion is located below the pharynx and above the trachea, invisible to the naked eye, inaccessible to powder application, and obstructs swallowing; this is named "Guoqiao Gan" (Over-the-Bridge Ulcer). It presents with ulceration and pain, often becoming chronic. This may be caused by epidemic toxic pathogens or residual toxins from syphilis (Meichuang). In all these cases, Huadu Dan (Toxin-Detoxifying Pill), Yinhua Jiedu Tang (Honeysuckle Decoction for Detoxification), or Liangge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder) are suitable. The external powder application is the same as mentioned above.
Houjun (Throat Fungus-like Growth) resembles floating duckweed, slightly elevated and deep purple in color, growing on the sides of the throat. It is caused by emotional depression leading to Qi stagnation and Blood heat, and is more common in women. Mild cases resolve within half a month to twenty days, while severe cases may take over a month. Recovery depends on appropriate treatment and the patient's adherence to dietary restrictions and behavioral taboos. The primary formula is Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder).
Houbi (Sore Throat with Obstruction) refers to swelling and pain in the throat without obvious distinct masses (swelling without a defined shape is Houbi; swelling with a defined shape constitutes Ru'e [Pillars of Fauces] or Yong [Abscess]). It may affect one side or both sides, hindering swallowing and obstructing breathing, hence the name "Bi" (Obstruction). The Classics state: "When one Yin and one Yang knot together, it is called Houbi." One Yin refers to the Shaoyin Ministerial Fire; One Yang refers to the Shaoyang Ministerial Fire. Both meridians connect to the throat. This condition may arise because the individual has chronic Yin deficiency, causing Ministerial Fire to lose control, become hyperactive, and knot in the throat. Alternatively, it may result from external invasion by Wind-Warmth, which aids the pathogenic fire, allowing it to follow the Lung meridians into the throat and knot there. In Wind-Heat Houbi, both internal and external aspects are swollen, with phlegm-fluids obstructing the throat. The treatment method first removes phlegm. For severe swelling, incision with a knife to bleed and drain fire is performed, followed by blowing Bingpeng San (Ice and Borax Powder) into the throat. Internally, Lingyangjiao San (Antelope Horn Powder) or Huanglian Jiedu Tang (Coptis Decoction for Detoxification) can be used for cure. For Houbi caused by Deficient Fire attacking upward, formulas such as Liuwei Dihuang Tang (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Decoction), Zhibai Bawei Wan (Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and Eight-Ingredient Pill), and Dabu Yin Wan (Great Tonify Yin Pill) are appropriate, focusing on nourishing Yin and strengthening Water. In cases where Kidney Water is exhausted and Dragon Fire (Ministerial Fire) fails to hide, ascending to the throat to cause Houbi, this occurs because the Kidney meridian circulates around the throat, so hyperactive fire can produce this syndrome. Patients typically experience frequent coughing, dry throat and thirst, heat in the palms and soles, and a fine, rapid pulse. If merely tonifying Water is insufficient to subdue the Dragon Fire, the method of guiding fire back to its source must be employed, drawing the fire downward from below to dissipate the latent heat, such as using Gui Fu Bawei Wan (Cinnamon Twig, Aconite Root and Eight-Ingredient Pill). Other herbs like Ejiao (Donkey-Hide Gelatin), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Guiban (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Yanwo (Swallow's Nest), Nvzhenzi (Ligustri Lucidi Fructus), Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus), and Xuanshen (Scrophulariae Radix), which clear dryness and rescue the Lungs, may also be used酌情ly according to circumstances.
The onset of Houquan (Throat Lichen) initially involves Yin-deficiency cough, followed by itching and pain in the throat. Swallowing saliva feels dry, and relief is only achieved after repeated swallowing. Over time, specific morphological changes occur: some resemble the crackle patterns of Ge ware porcelain, others look like red veins on the underside of autumn leaves, or dense red spots resembling mosquito bites. This is fundamentally due to the depletion of True Yin, with Kidney Fire rushing upward, scorching Lung Metal, and causing the Ying and Wei (Nutrient and Defensive) systems to wither and knot. The treatment principles are roughly similar to those for Houbi. If this condition persists untreated, the throat will eventually lose voice and progress to a consumptive weakness syndrome, becoming incurable. Treatment involves Qingzao Jiufei Tang (Clear Dryness and Rescue the Lungs Decoction), Dabu Yin Wan (Great Tonify Yin Pill), or Zhibai Bawei Wan (Anemarrhena, Phellodendron and Eight-Ingredient Pill).