论双味治病
天师曰∶偶治者，方中不能一味奏功，乃用二味兼而治之也。如吐血用当归、黄 之类∶中寒用附
子、人参之类；中热用元参、麦冬之类是也。夫吐血则必血虚，用当归一味以补血足矣，何以又佐之黄
也。盖血乃有形之物，不能速生，必得气旺以生血，故必用黄 以补其气也。夫中寒之症，阴寒逼人，
阳气外越，祛寒用附子足矣，必加之人参者何也。盖元阳既不归合，则一线之气在若存若亡之间，不急补
其气，则元阳出走而不返矣，故必兼用人参，以挽回于绝续之顷也。夫中热之症，上焦火气弥漫，不用
降火之品，何能救焚，似乎用元参以退其浮游之火足矣，何以加入麦冬。盖胃火沸腾，则肺金自燥，胃口
自救不暇，又何以取给以分润肺金之气，故必用麦冬以润之，则肺足以自养，不藉胃土之奉膳，则胃
土足以自资，而火自然可息。此皆偶治之妙法，谁能知奥耶。
举三方可通其余，至于三之四之，至于十之外。均可于偶方之法广悟也。
论目痛 头痛 手痛 脚痛
天师曰∶形治者，四肢头面有形可据而治之也。如见其目痛则治目，见其头痛则治头，见其手痛则
治手，见其脚痛则治脚也。其病见之形象，何必求之于无形，此形治之宜审也。审何经之病，用何经之
药，自然效应。如手之麻木，乃气虚而风湿中之。必须用手经之药引入手中，而去风去湿之药始能有效，
否则，亦甚无益。倘舍外形之可据，而求内象之无端。无怪其不相入也。方用白术五钱，防风五分，黄
五钱，人参二钱，陈皮五分，甘草一钱，桂枝五分，水煎服。（〔批〕逐风汤。）方中黄 、人参、白
术，俱补气去湿之药，防风乃去风之品，然必得桂枝，始能入于手经也。经络既清，自然奏功。举一而可
类推，愿人审诸。
张公曰∶天师太略，予补一二可也。脚痛之症最多，而最难治。盖脚乃人身之下流，水湿之气一犯，
则停蓄不肯去，须提其气，而水湿之气始可散也。今人动以五苓散治湿，亦是正经，然终不能上升而尽去
其湿也。予今立一方，可以通治湿气之侵脚者。方用人参，白术各三钱，黄 一两，防风一钱，肉桂一
钱，薏仁五钱，芡实五钱，陈皮五分，柴胡一钱，白芍五钱，半夏二钱，水煎服。（〔批〕升气去湿
汤。）此方乃去湿之神剂。防风用于黄 之中，已足提气而去湿，又助之柴
胡以舒气，则气更升腾，气升则水亦随之而入于脾矣。方中又有白术、芡实、薏仁，俱是去水去湿之圣
药。有不奏功如响者乎。凡有湿病，幸以此方治之。
目之红肿也，乃风火入于肝胆之中。湿气不散，合而成之也。初起之时，即用舒肝舒胆之药，而加之
去湿散火之品，自然手到功成。无如人止知散邪，而不知合治之法，所以壅结而不能速效，少不慎疾，
或解郁于房闱，或留情于声色，或冒触于风寒，遂变成烂眼流泪之症，甚则 肉扳睛有之。吾今定一方，即
于初起之三五日内、连服二剂，即便立愈。方用柴胡三钱，白芍三钱，白蒺藜三钱，甘菊花二钱，半夏
三钱，白术五钱，荆芥一钱，甘草一钱，草决明一钱，水煎服。（〔批〕清目散。）一剂轻，二剂愈。有热
者，加栀子三钱，无热者不必加入。此方之妙在火、风、湿同治，而又佐之治目之品，所以药入口而目即
愈也。其余有形之治，可以类推。
论双味治病
天师说：所谓“偶治”，是指单味药无法奏效，必须用两味药配合来治疗。例如：吐血用当归、黄芪之类；中寒用附子、人参之类；中热用玄参、麦冬之类。吐血必然导致血虚，只用一味当归补血就够了，为什么还要佐以黄芪呢？因为血是有形的物质，不能迅速生成，必须依靠气的旺盛来生血，所以必须用黄芪来补气。中寒的病症，阴寒之气逼人，阳气外越，祛寒用附子就够了，为什么一定要加入人参呢？因为元阳如果不能回归聚合，那么一线元气就在似有似无之间，如果不紧急补气，元阳就会出走而无法返回，所以必须兼用人参，在生死存亡之际挽回元气。中热的病症，上焦火气弥漫，不用降火的药物，怎么能救焚灭灾，似乎只用玄参退去浮游之火就够了，为什么要加入麦冬呢？因为胃火沸腾，肺金自然干燥，胃自身自救都来不及，又从哪里获取津液来滋润肺金呢？所以必须用麦冬来滋润它，这样肺就能自我滋养，不依赖胃土的供养，胃土也就能够自给自足，而火气自然可以平息。这些都是“偶治”的妙法，谁能知晓其中的奥妙呢？
列举三个方子可以通晓其余的道理，至于用到三味、四味，甚至十味以上，都可以从“偶方”的方法中广泛领悟。
天师说：所谓“形治”，是指四肢头面有具体的形体可依据来进行治疗。比如看见目痛就治疗眼睛，看见头痛就治疗头部，看见手痛就治疗手部，看见脚痛就治疗脚部。疾病显现出的形象，何必去求之于无形的东西呢？这就是“形治”应当审察清楚的地方。审察是哪条经络的病，使用哪条经络的药，自然会有疗效。例如手的麻木，是气虚而风湿侵入所致。必须用手经的药物引入手中，加上祛风除湿的药物才能有效，否则，也非常没有益处。如果舍弃外形可依据的症状，而去追求内象中无端的原因，难怪药物不相入病所。方剂用白术五钱，防风五分，黄芪五钱，人参二钱，陈皮五分，甘草一钱，桂枝五分，水煎服。（批注：逐风汤。）方中的黄芪、人参、白术，都是补气祛湿的药物，防风是祛风的药品，但必须得到桂枝，才能进入手经。经络既然清除了邪气，自然能奏效。举一例可以类推其他，希望人们仔细审察。
张公说：天师说得太过简略，我补充一两点也可以。脚痛的病症最多，而且最难治。因为脚是人身的下流部位，水湿之气一旦侵犯，就会停蓄不肯离去，必须提升其气，水湿之气才可以消散。现在的人动不动就用五苓散治疗湿气，这也是正理，但最终不能让湿气上升并完全去除。我现在设立一个方子，可以通用治疗湿气侵袭脚部的病症。方用人参、白术各三钱，黄芪一两，防风一钱，肉桂一钱，薏仁五钱，芡实五钱，陈皮五分，柴胡一钱，白芍五钱，半夏二钱，水煎服。（批注：升气去湿汤。）这个方子是祛湿的神效药剂。防风用在黄芪之中，已经足以提气去湿，再加上柴胡辅助以舒展气机，气就更升腾，气升则水也随之进入脾脏。方中又有白术、芡实、薏仁，都是去水祛湿的圣药。哪有不能像回声一样迅速见效的呢？凡是患有湿病的，幸好可以用这个方子治疗。
眼睛红肿，是风火侵入肝胆之中，湿气不散，结合而成的。初起之时，立即使用舒肝舒胆的药物，加上祛湿散火的药品，自然手到成功。无奈人们只知道散邪，却不知道合治的方法，所以壅结而不能快速见效，稍有不慎或患病，或者在房事中解郁，或者沉迷于声色，或者冒犯风寒，于是变成烂眼流泪的病症，严重的甚至有胬肉攀睛的情况。我现在定下一个方子，即在初起的三五日内，连服两剂，便能立刻痊愈。方用柴胡三钱，白芍三钱，白蒺藜三钱，甘菊花二钱，半夏三钱，白术五钱，荆芥一钱，甘草一钱，草决明一钱，水煎服。（批注：清目散。）一剂减轻，二剂痊愈。有热者，加栀子三钱，无热者不必加入。这个方子的妙处在于火、风、湿同治，又辅以治疗眼睛的药物，所以药入口而眼睛即刻痊愈。其余有形的治疗，可以类推。
On Treating Diseases with Paired Herbs (Ou Zhi)
The Heavenly Master said: "Ou Zhi" (Paired Treatment) refers to the situation where a single herb cannot achieve efficacy, necessitating the use of two herbs in combination for treatment. For example: treating hematemesis (vomiting blood) with Dang Gui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis) and Huang Qi (Astragali Radix); treating cold invasion with Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) and Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma); treating heat invasion with Xuan Shen (Scrophulariae Radix) and Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix). Hematemesis inevitably leads to Blood deficiency; using only Dang Gui to tonify Blood should suffice. Why add Huang Qi? Because Blood is a tangible substance that cannot be generated rapidly; it must rely on robust Qi to generate Blood. Therefore, Huang Qi must be used to tonify Qi. In cases of Cold invasion, Yin-Cold presses severely, and Yang Qi floats outward. Using Fu Zi alone is sufficient to dispel Cold. Why must Ren Shen be added? Because if Yuan Yang (Primordial Yang) fails to return and gather, the thread-like Qi exists in a state between being and non-being. If Qi is not urgently tonified, Yuan Yang will depart and fail to return. Thus, Ren Shen must be concurrently used to salvage Qi at the critical moment of life and death. In cases of Heat invasion, Fire Qi pervades the Upper Jiao. Without fire-descending herbs, how can one extinguish the burning disaster? It seems sufficient to use Xuan Shen alone to subdue floating Fire. Why add Mai Dong? Because when Stomach Fire boils vigorously, Lung Metal naturally becomes dry. The Stomach is too busy saving itself to provide fluids to moisten Lung Metal. Therefore, Mai Dong must be used to moisten it. This allows the Lung to nourish itself without relying on the Stomach Earth's provisions, enabling the Stomach Earth to sustain itself, and the Fire will naturally subside. These are all the subtle methods of Ou Zhi. Who can know their profundity?
By understanding three formulas, one can comprehend the rest. Whether using three, four, or even more than ten herbs, one can broadly grasp the principles of paired formulas.
On Eye Pain, Headache, Hand Pain, and Foot Pain
The Heavenly Master said: "Xing Zhi" (Form-Based Treatment) refers to treating diseases based on the tangible forms of the limbs, head, and face. For instance, if eye pain is observed, treat the eyes; if headache is observed, treat the head; if hand pain is observed, treat the hands; if foot pain is observed, treat the feet. Since the disease manifests in visible forms, why seek causes in the intangible? This is what requires careful examination in Form-Based Treatment. By examining which meridian is affected and using herbs corresponding to that meridian, efficacy will naturally follow. For example, numbness in the hands is caused by Qi deficiency allowing Wind-Dampness to invade. One must use herbs entering the Hand meridians to guide the medication into the hands, combined with Wind-dispelling and Dampness-resolving herbs, to be effective. Otherwise, it is of little benefit. If one abandons the tangible external symptoms to pursue intangible internal causes, it is no wonder the medicine does not enter the pathogenic site. The formula uses Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 5 qian, Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) 5 fen, Huang Qi 5 qian, Ren Shen 2 qian, Chen Pi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) 5 fen, Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 1 qian, and Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 5 fen. Decoct in water and take orally. (Comment: Zhu Feng Tang / Wind-Expelling Decoction.) In this formula, Huang Qi, Ren Shen, and Bai Zhu are all Qi-tonifying and Dampness-resolving herbs. Fang Feng is a Wind-dispelling agent, but it requires Gui Zhi to enter the Hand meridians. Once the meridians are cleared, efficacy will naturally occur. From one example, others can be inferred; I hope people examine this carefully.
Master Zhang said: The Heavenly Master was too brief; let me supplement a point or two. Foot pain is the most common yet most difficult to treat. The foot is the lowest part of the body; once Water-Dampness invades, it stagnates and refuses to leave. One must lift the Qi so that the Water-Dampness can dissipate. Nowadays, people often use Wu Ling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) to treat Dampness, which is correct, but it ultimately cannot ascend to completely eliminate the Dampness. I have established a formula that can generally treat Dampness invading the feet. The formula uses Ren Shen and Bai Zhu, each 3 qian, Huang Qi 1 liang, Fang Feng 1 qian, Rou Gui (Cinnamomi Cortex) 1 qian, Yi Yi Ren (Coicis Semen) 5 qian, Qian Shi (Euryales Semen) 5 qian, Chen Pi 5 fen, Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) 1 qian, Bai Shao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) 5 qian, and Ban Xia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) 2 qian. Decoct in water and take orally. (Comment: Sheng Qi Qu Shi Tang / Qi-Lifting and Dampness-Removing Decoction.) This formula is a divine agent for removing Dampness. Fang Feng used within Huang Qi is already sufficient to lift Qi and remove Dampness; adding Chai Hu to assist in soothing the Qi makes the Qi rise further. When Qi rises, Water follows into the Spleen. The formula also contains Bai Zhu, Qian Shi, and Yi Yi Ren, all holy medicines for removing Water and Dampness. How could it fail to produce immediate results like an echo? For any Dampness disease, fortunately, this formula can be used.
Redness and swelling of the eyes are caused by Wind-Fire invading the Liver and Gallbladder, combined with unresolved Dampness. At the initial stage, one should immediately use herbs to soothe the Liver and Gallbladder, combined with Dampness-resolving and Fire-scattering agents, achieving success effortlessly. Unfortunately, people only know how to scatter pathogens but do not understand combined treatment methods, leading to congestion and slow efficacy. With slight negligence or during illness, if one indulges in sexual activity to relieve depression, remains attached to sensual pleasures, or is exposed to Wind-Cold, the condition may transform into rotting eyes with tearing, or in severe cases, pterygium (fleshy growth over the cornea). I have now fixed a formula: taken continuously for two doses within the first three to five days of onset, it will cure immediately. The formula uses Chai Hu 3 qian, Bai Shao 3 qian, Bai Ji Li (Tribuli Fructus) 3 qian, Gan Ju Hua (Chrysanthemi Flos) 2 qian, Ban Xia 3 qian, Bai Zhu 5 qian, Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Spica) 1 qian, Gan Cao 1 qian, and Cao Jue Ming (Cassiae Semen) 1 qian. Decoct in water and take orally. (Comment: Qing Mu San / Eye-Clearing Powder.) One dose alleviates, two doses cure. Add Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus) 3 qian if there is Heat; do not add if there is no Heat. The subtlety of this formula lies in simultaneously treating Fire, Wind, and Dampness, assisted by herbs targeting the eyes. Thus, upon ingestion, the eyes heal immediately. Other form-based treatments can be inferred from this.