气味酸、平，无毒。主心下邪气，寒热，温中，逐寒湿痹，去三虫，久服轻身。（
去核）。
陈修园曰∶山茱萸色紫赤而味酸平，禀厥阴、少阳木火之气化。手厥阴心包、足厥阴肝，
皆
属于风木也；手少阳三焦、足少阳胆，皆属于相火也。心下巨阙穴，乃手阙阴心包之募，又
心下为脾之
分。曰邪气者，脾之邪实为肝木之邪也。足厥阴肝木，血少气亢则克脾土，并于阳则热，并
于阴则寒也。又寒热往来，为少阳之病，山萸禀木火之气化，故咸主之。山萸味酸收敛，敛
火归于下焦，火在下谓之少火，少火生气，所以温中。山萸味酸入肝，肝主藏血，血能充肤
热肉，所以逐周身寒湿之痹。三虫者，厥阴风木之化也；仲景乌梅丸之酸，能治蛔厥，即此
物悟出。肝者，敢也，生气生血之脏也。孙真人生脉散中，有五味之酸，能治倦怠而轻身，
亦从此物悟出。
张隐庵曰∶仲祖八味丸，用山茱萸，后人去附、桂改为六味丸，以山茱萸为固精补肾水
之药
，此外并无他用，皆因安于苟简，不深讨故也。今详观《本经》，山茱萸之功能如此，学人
能于《本经》之内会悟而广其用，庶无拘隘之弊。
气味辛、温，有小毒。主温中，下气，止痛，又除湿血痹，逐风邪，开腠理，咳逆
，寒热。（泡一次用）
陈修园曰∶吴萸气温，禀春气而入肝。味辛有小毒，得金味而入肺。气温能祛寒，而大
辛之
味，又能俾肺令之独行而无所旁掣；故中寒可温，气逆可下，胸腹诸痛可止；皆肺令下行，
坐镇而无余事。仲景取治阳明食谷欲呕症，及干呕吐涎沫症，从《本经》而会悟于言外之旨
也。肺喜温而恶寒，一得吴萸之大温大辛，则水道通调而湿去。肝藏血，血寒则滞而成痹，
一得吴萸之大辛大温，则血活而痹除。风邪伤人，则腠理闭，而为寒热咳逆诸症，吴萸大辛
大温，开而逐之，则咳逆寒热诸证俱平矣。然犹有疑者，仲景用药悉遵《本经》，而“少阴
病吐利，手足逆冷，烦燥欲死者，吴茱萸汤主之”二十字，与《本经》不符。而不知少阴之
脏，皆本阳明水谷以资生，而复交于中土。若阴阳之气不归中土，则上吐而不利；水火之气
不归中土，则下燥而上烦；中土之气内绝，则四肢逆冷而过肘膝，法在不治。仲景取吴茱萸
大辛大温之威烈，佐人参之冲和，以安中气，姜、枣之和胃，以行四末；专求阳明，是得绝
处逢生之妙。张隐庵、叶天士之解俱浅。
【山茱萸】
气味酸、平，无毒。主治心下部位的邪气，寒热往来，温补中焦，驱逐寒湿痹阻，去除体内寄生虫，长期服用可使身体轻健。（使用时需去核）。
陈修园说：山茱萸颜色紫赤而味道酸平，禀受了厥阴和少阳木火之气化。手厥阴心包经和足厥阴肝经，都归属于风木；手少阳三焦经和足少阳胆经，都归属于相火。心下的巨阙穴，是手厥阴心包经的募穴，同时心下部位也是脾脏的分野。所说的“邪气”，是指脾脏的邪实是由肝木之邪引起的。足厥阴肝属木，若血少气亢则会克制脾土，邪气并入阳气则表现为热，并入阴气则表现为寒。另外，寒热往来是少阳病的症状，山茱萸禀受木火之气化，所以能主治这些病症。山茱萸味酸具有收敛作用，能将火气收敛并引归到下焦，火在下焦称为“少火”，少火能够生气，因此能温补中焦。山茱萸味酸入肝，肝主藏血，血液能充盈皮肤、温暖肌肉，因此能驱逐周身寒湿引起的痹证。体内的寄生虫（三虫），是厥阴风木气化异常的产物；张仲景在乌梅丸中使用酸味药治疗蛔厥症，就是从这个道理领悟出来的。肝脏，意为果敢，是产生生气和生血的脏腑。孙思邈在生脉散中使用了五味子的酸味，能治疗倦怠并使身体轻健，也是从山茱萸的功效中领悟出来的。
张隐庵说：张仲景的八味丸（肾气丸）中使用山茱萸，后人去掉附子、桂枝改为六味地黄丸，认为山茱萸只是固精补肾水的药物，除此之外没有其他用途，这都是因为安于简便粗略，没有深入探讨的缘故。现在详细考察《神农本草经》，山茱萸的功能如此，学习者能在《本经》中融会贯通并拓展其应用，才不会有拘泥狭隘的弊病。
【吴茱萸】
气味辛、温，有小毒。主治温补中焦，降逆气，止痛，又能除湿血痹，驱逐风邪，开泄腠理，治疗咳逆，寒热。（使用时需泡洗一次）。
陈修园说：吴茱萸气温，禀受春气而入肝经。味道辛且有小毒，得金之味而入肺经。气温能祛除寒邪，而大辛的味道，又能使肺的肃降功能独立运行而不受牵制；所以中寒可以温煦，气逆可以下降，胸腹各种疼痛可以停止；这都是因为肺令下行，坐镇中州而没有其他干扰。张仲景取用它来治疗阳明病食谷欲呕的症状，以及干呕吐涎沫的症状，是从《本经》的字面之外领会到了深意。肺喜欢温暖而厌恶寒冷，一旦得到吴茱萸的大温大辛，则水道通调而湿气去除。肝藏血，血寒则停滞而成痹证，一旦得到吴茱萸的大辛大温，则血液流通而痹证消除。风邪伤人，则腠理闭塞，从而出现寒热、咳逆等症状，吴茱萸大辛大温，能开泄腠理并驱逐风邪，那么咳逆寒热等各种症状就都平息了。然而还有令人疑惑的地方，张仲景用药完全遵循《本经》，但“少阴病吐利，手足逆冷，烦躁欲死者，用吴茱萸汤主治”这二十个字，与《本经》记载不符。却不知道少阴脏器的生机，都源于阳明水谷的精微以资生，并且与中土相交。如果阴阳之气不能回归中土，则上吐而下利；水火之气不能回归中土，则下燥而上烦；中土之气内部断绝，则四肢逆冷超过肘膝，这在治法上属于不治之症。张仲景取吴茱萸大辛大温的猛烈威势，佐以人参的冲和之气，以安定中气，用姜、枣调和胃气，以通行四肢末端；专门求治阳明，这是得到了绝境逢生的妙处。张隐庵、叶天士的解释都比较浅显。
[Shanzhuyu / Cornus Officinalis Fruit]
Taste and Nature: Sour, neutral, non-toxic. Indications: Mainly treats pathogenic factors in the epigastrium, alternating cold and heat, warms the middle jiao, expels cold-dampness bi syndrome, removes three types of parasites, and long-term use makes the body feel light and agile. (Remove the pit before use).
Chen Xiuyuan states: Shanzhuyu is purple-red in color and sour-neutral in taste, inheriting the qi transformation of Jueyin and Shaoyang wood and fire. The Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian and Foot-Jueyin Liver Meridian both belong to Wind-Wood; the Hand-Shaoyang Sanjiao Meridian and Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian both belong to Ministerial Fire. The Juque acupoint in the epigastrium is the Front-Mu point of the Hand-Jueyin Pericardium Meridian, and the epigastrium is also the domain of the Spleen. The term "pathogenic factors" refers to spleen excess caused by Liver Wood pathogenic factors. When Foot-Jueyin Liver Wood has insufficient blood and hyperactive qi, it overacts on Spleen Earth; when the pathogen merges with Yang, it manifests as heat; when it merges with Yin, it manifests as cold. Furthermore, alternating cold and heat are symptoms of Shaoyang disease. Since Shanzhuyu inherits the qi transformation of Wood and Fire, it can treat these conditions. Shanzhuyu has a sour taste and astringent properties, which gather fire and guide it back to the Lower Jiao. Fire located in the lower part is called "Shaohuo" (Ministerial Fire), which generates Qi, thus warming the Middle Jiao. Shanzhuyu enters the Liver due to its sour taste; the Liver stores Blood, and Blood can nourish the skin and warm the muscles, thereby expelling whole-body Bi syndrome caused by cold-dampness. The "three parasites" are the result of abnormal Jueyin Wind-Wood transformation; Zhang Zhongjing's use of sour substances in Wumei Wan (Mume Pill) to treat ascariasis colic was inspired by this principle. The Liver, implying courage, is the zang organ that generates vital Qi and produces Blood. Sun Simiao included the sour taste of Wuweizi (Schisandra Chinensis Fruit) in Shengmai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) to treat fatigue and make the body feel light, also derived from insights into Shanzhuyu.
Zhang Yinan states: In Zhang Zhongjing's Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), Shanzhuyu is used. Later generations removed Fuzi (Prepared Aconite Lateral Root) and Guizhi (Cinnamon Twig) to create Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), regarding Shanzhuyu merely as an herb for consolidating essence and tonifying Kidney Water, with no other uses. This is due to complacency with simplicity and a lack of deep investigation. Now, carefully observing the *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica), the functions of Shanzhuyu are as described above. If learners can comprehend and expand its applications within the *Bencao Jing*, they will avoid the drawback of narrow-mindedness.
[Wuzhuyu / Euodiae Fructus]
Taste and Nature: Pungent, warm, slightly toxic. Indications: Mainly warms the middle jiao, directs rebellious Qi downward, stops pain, dispels dampness and blood Bi syndrome, expels wind pathogens, opens the cou li (skin pores), and treats coughing upward, alternating cold and heat. (Soak once before use).
Chen Xiuyuan states: Wuzhuyu has a warm nature, inheriting Spring Qi to enter the Liver Meridian. Its pungent taste with slight toxicity corresponds to Metal and enters the Lung Meridian. Its warm nature can dispel cold, while its strongly pungent taste allows the Lung's descending function to operate independently without interference; thus, middle cold can be warmed, rebellious Qi can be directed downward, and various chest and abdominal pains can be stopped. This is because the Lung's descending function takes command, stabilizing the center without other distractions. Zhang Zhongjing utilized it to treat Yangming disease symptoms such as desire to vomit after eating, and dry vomiting with salivary froth, grasping the implicit meaning beyond the literal text of the *Bencao Jing*. The Lung prefers warmth and dislikes cold; upon receiving the strong warmth and pungency of Wuzhuyu, the water passages become regulated and dampness is eliminated. The Liver stores Blood; if Blood is cold, it stagnates and forms Bi syndrome. Upon receiving the strong pungency and warmth of Wuzhuyu, the Blood becomes active and the Bi syndrome is resolved. When wind pathogens injure the body, the cou li close, leading to symptoms such as alternating cold and heat and coughing upward. Wuzhuyu's strong pungency and warmth open the cou li and expel the pathogens, thereby resolving coughing, alternating cold and heat, and other syndromes. However, there is still a point of doubt: Zhang Zhongjing's medication strictly follows the *Bencao Jing*, yet the phrase "in Shaoyin disease, with vomiting and diarrhea, cold extremities, and extreme restlessness bordering on death, Wuzhuyu Tang is indicated" does not seem to align with the *Bencao Jing*. One should not fail to realize that the vitality of the Shaoyin organs originates from the water and grain of the Yangming, nourishing life and interacting with the Central Earth. If Yin and Yang Qi do not return to the Central Earth, there is upper vomiting and lower diarrhea; if Water and Fire Qi do not return to the Central Earth, there is lower dryness and upper irritability; if the Qi of the Central Earth is internally severed, the extremities become cold beyond the elbows and knees, which is considered untreatable. Zhang Zhongjing employed the fierce potency of Wuzhuyu's strong pungency and warmth, assisted by the mild harmony of Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma) to stabilize the Middle Qi, and Ginger and Jujube to harmonize the Stomach and circulate to the four extremities. By specifically targeting the Yangming, he achieved the miracle of finding life in a desperate situation. The interpretations of Zhang Yinan and Ye Tianshi are relatively superficial.