气味辛、温，无毒。主破血，妇人月经不调，腹中结块，崩中淋露，产后诸血症，
血晕，暴血冲上，因损下血，煮酒或酒磨服。（《开宝》）
气味辛、温，无毒。主温中，消食止泄，治精冷，心腹胀痛，霍乱中恶，鬼气冷疰
，呕沫冷气，小儿乳霍。（《开宝》）
气味辛、温，无毒。主五劳七伤，风虚冷，骨髓伤败，肾冷精流，及妇人血气堕胎
。（《开宝》）
陈修园曰∶堕胎者，言其人素有堕胎之病，以此药治之，非谓以此药堕之也。上文主字，
直
贯至此。盖胎借脾气之长，借肾气之举，此药温补脾肾，所以大有固胎之功。数百年来，误
以黄芩为安胎之品，遂疑温药碍胎，见《开宝》有“堕胎”二字，遽以堕字不作病情解，另
作药功解，与上文不相连贯。李濒湖、汪 庵、叶天士辈因之，贻害千古。或问《本经》牛
膝本文，亦有“堕胎”二字，岂非以堕字作药功解乎？曰彼顶“逐血气”句来，唯其善逐，
所以善堕。古书错综变化，难与执一不通者道。
气味辛温，无毒。主积冷气，止吐逆反胃，消谷下气。（《开宝》）
气味辛、温、涩，无毒。主虚劳冷泻，宿食不消，赤白泄痢，腹中虚痛，下气。（
《开宝》）
气味苦、寒，无毒主血积，下气，生肌止血，破恶血，血淋，尿血，金疮。（《唐本
草》）
陈修园曰∶时医徇名有二误∶一曰生脉散，因其有生脉二字，每用之以救脉脱，入咽少
顷，
脉未生而人已死矣。一曰郁金，因其命名为郁，往往取治于气郁之症，数服之后，郁末解
，而血脱立至矣。医道不明，到处皆然，而江、浙、闽、粤尤其甚者。
气味辛、温，无毒。主治破血（破除瘀血），妇人月经不调，腹中结块，崩中淋露（非经期阴道大量出血或淋漓不尽），产后各种血症，血晕（因失血过多导致的头晕目眩甚至昏厥），暴血冲上（突然大量吐血或衄血），因损伤导致的下部出血，用酒煮服或用酒磨服。（《开宝本草》）
气味辛、温，无毒。主治温中（温暖中焦脾胃），消食止泄，治疗精冷（肾阳不足导致精液清冷），心腹胀痛，霍乱中恶（急性胃肠炎伴中毒症状），鬼气冷疰（古代指传染性寒性疾病），呕沫冷气（呕吐泡沫状痰涎及寒气），小儿乳霍（婴儿因哺乳不当引起的类似霍乱的病症）。（《开宝本草》）
气味辛、温，无毒。主治五劳七伤（多种慢性虚损性疾病），风虚冷，骨髓伤败，肾冷精流（肾阳虚衰导致遗精滑泄），以及妇人血气失调导致的堕胎。（《开宝本草》）
陈修园说：所谓“堕胎”，是指患者素有习惯性流产的病症，用此药来治疗它，并不是说此药能导致流产。上面的“主”字，一直贯穿到这里。大概是因为胎儿依靠脾气的滋养和肾气的固摄，此药能温补脾肾，所以有极大的安胎功效。几百年来，人们误以为黄芩是安胎的药物，于是怀疑温性药物会阻碍胎元，看到《开宝本草》中有“堕胎”二字，就急忙把“堕”字不按照病情解释，而是另作药效解释，这与上文不连贯。李时珍、汪昂、叶天士等人沿袭了这种错误，贻害千古。有人问：《神农本草经》牛膝原文中也有“堕胎”二字，难道不是把“堕”字作为药效来解释吗？回答说：那是承接“逐血气”一句而来，正因为善于驱逐血气，所以善于导致流产。古书文意错综变化，难以与固执不通的人说道理。
气味辛、温，无毒。主治积冷气，止吐逆反胃，消谷下气。（《开宝本草》）
气味辛、温、涩，无毒。主治虚劳冷泻，宿食不消，赤白泄痢（痢疾，大便带脓血），腹中虚痛，下气。（《开宝本草》）
气味苦、寒，无毒。主治血积（瘀血积聚），下气，生肌止血，破恶血，血淋（尿血伴有疼痛），尿血，金疮（金属利器造成的创伤）。（《唐本草》）
陈修园说：当时的医生拘泥于名称而有两种误解：一是名为“生脉散”，因为其中有“生脉”二字，每当用它来救治脉脱（脉搏微弱欲绝）时，药入咽喉不久，脉还没恢复人就已经死了。二是名为“郁金”，因为名字里带有“郁”字，往往用来治疗气郁的病症，服用几次之后，气郁未解，而血脱（严重失血）立刻发生了。医学道理不明朗，到处都这样，而江苏、浙江、福建、广东等地尤其严重。
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats breaking blood (resolving blood stasis), irregular menstruation in women, abdominal masses, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea (heavy or prolonged vaginal bleeding outside of the menstrual period), various postpartum blood disorders, syncope due to blood loss (dizziness or fainting caused by excessive hemorrhage), sudden upward rushing of blood (sudden massive hematemesis or epistaxis), lower body bleeding due to trauma; decocted in wine or ground with wine for administration. (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats warming the middle jiao (warming the spleen and stomach), resolving food stagnation, stopping diarrhea, treating cold essence (clear and cold semen due to kidney yang deficiency), abdominal distension and pain, cholera-like syndrome with malignant qi (acute gastroenteritis accompanied by toxic symptoms), ghostly cold transmission diseases (ancient term for contagious cold diseases), vomiting of frothy saliva and cold qi, infantile milk cholera (cholera-like symptoms in infants due to improper breastfeeding). (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats five labors and seven injuries (various chronic deficiency syndromes), wind-cold deficiency, bone marrow damage and degeneration, cold kidneys with seminal emission (seminal emission due to kidney yang deficiency), and miscarriage in women due to disharmony of blood and qi. (Kaibao Bencao)
Chen Xiuyuan stated: The term "miscarriage" refers to a patient who has a history of habitual abortion, and this herb is used to treat that condition; it does not mean that this herb causes abortion. The word "primarily treats" above extends directly to this point. Generally, the fetus relies on the nourishing power of the spleen qi and the securing power of the kidney qi. This herb warms and tonifies the spleen and kidney, thus having great efficacy in stabilizing the fetus. For hundreds of years, people mistakenly believed that Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) was an herb for calming the fetus, leading them to suspect that warm herbs hinder fetal development. Upon seeing the words "miscarriage" in Kaibao Bencao, they hastily interpreted "miscarry" not as a disease manifestation but as a drug effect, which disconnects it from the preceding context. Li Shizhen, Wang Ang, Ye Tianshi, and others followed this error, causing harm for generations. One might ask: The original text of Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing also contains the words "miscarriage"; does this not interpret "miscarry" as a drug effect? The answer is: That follows the phrase "driving out blood and qi." Precisely because it is good at driving out blood and qi, it is good at causing miscarriage. Ancient texts have complex and varied meanings; one cannot discuss them with those who are rigid and inflexible.
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats accumulated cold qi, stops regurgitation and reverse flow of stomach contents, promotes digestion and directs qi downward. (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, astringent, non-toxic. Primarily treats deficiency-related cold diarrhea, indigestion of retained food, dysentery with red and white discharge (pus and blood in stool), empty pain in the abdomen, and directing qi downward. (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats blood accumulation (blood stasis), directs qi downward, generates flesh, stops bleeding, breaks bad blood (severe blood stasis), bloody strangury (painful urination with blood), hematuria, and metal weapon wounds. (Tang Bencao)
Chen Xiuyuan stated: Contemporary physicians make two errors due to following names blindly: First, Shengmai San (Pulse-Generating Powder), because it contains the characters "Sheng Mai" (generate pulse), is often used to rescue pulse collapse (weak or imperceptible pulse). However, shortly after ingestion, the pulse has not regenerated, and the patient dies. Second, Yujin (Curcuma aromatica Rhizome), because its name contains "Yu" (depression/stagnation), is often taken to treat qi depression syndromes. After several doses, the qi depression remains unresolved, while blood depletion occurs immediately. The lack of understanding of medical principles is common everywhere, but it is particularly severe in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces.