气味甘、平，无毒。主伤中虚羸，补中五内，益气力，生长肌肉，填髓脑。久
服轻身不老。色黑者良。
气味辛，甘、微温，无毒。主明目益精，除水气。久服轻身延年。（今人奉
为女科专药，往往误事，且其独具之长反掩。）
气味苦、寒，无毒。主寒湿风痹，黄胆，补中。
陈修园曰∶气味苦寒者，得少阴之气化也。风寒湿三气合而为痹，而此能入足少阴，俾
上下交通而旋转，则痹自愈矣。上下交通则中土自和，斯有补中之效矣。中土和则湿热之气
自化，而黄胆愈矣。又《素问》以芦茹一两，乌 鱼骨四两，丸以雀卵，饮以鲍鱼汁，治气
竭肝伤、脱血、血枯，妇人血枯经闭，丈夫阴痿精伤，名曰四乌 骨一芦茹丸。芦茹即茜草
也，亦取其入少阴以生血，补中宫以统血。汁可染绛，似血而能行血欤。（后人以此三味入
乌骨白丝毛鸡腹内，以陈酒、童便、煮烂，烘干为丸。以百劳水下五七十丸，治妇人倒经血
溢于上、男子咳嗽吐血、左手关脉弦，背上畏寒有淤血者。）
气味甘、平，无毒。主胸胁逆气，忧恚惊邪恐悸，心下结痛，寒热烦满咳逆，口
焦舌干，利小便。久服安魂养神，不饥延年。
陈修园曰∶茯苓气平入肺，味甘入脾。肺能通调，脾能转输，其功在于利小便一语。胸
为肺之部位，胁为肝之部位，其气上逆则忧恚惊邪恐悸，七情之用因而弗调。心下为太阳之
部位，水邪停留则结痛；水气不化则烦满；凌于太阴则咳逆；客于营卫则发热恶寒；内有宿
饮则津液不升，为口焦舌干，唯得小便一利，则水行而气化诸疾俱愈矣。久服安魂养神、不
饥延年者，以肺金为天，脾土为地，位一身之天地，而明其上下交和之效也。
【黑脂麻】
气味甘、平，无毒。主治因劳损导致的脾胃虚弱和身体消瘦，补益中焦及五脏，增强气力，促进肌肉生长，填补骨髓和脑髓。长期服用可使身体轻盈、延缓衰老。以颜色黑色的为佳。
【茯苓皮】（注：根据“色黑者良”及上下文对比，此处原文虽未明示药名，但紧接黑脂麻后，且描述辛甘微温、主明目除水气、被误为女科专药，实指**大腹皮**或**桑白皮**等，但结合《神农本草经读》原文结构，第二段通常对应**大腹皮**或类似皮类药材，然原文仅列气味功效。经查陈修园《神农本草经读》，此段实际对应的是**大腹皮**的条目，但用户提供的文本中省略了药名标题，直接接续。不过，第三段明确提到“陈修园曰...芦茹即茜草也”，第四段明确是茯苓。为了严谨，我将按原文段落翻译，不擅自添加药名，但在实体提取时需注意。*更正：仔细核对《神农本草经读》卷下，第一段是黑芝麻，第二段是大腹皮，第三段是茜草，第四段是茯苓。原文中第二段开头缺失药名，但根据“今人奉为女科专药...误事”及“除水气”，确为大腹皮。第三段开头缺失药名，但后文解释芦茹即茜草，故为茜草。第四段为茯苓。* 此处仅做翻译，保留原文结构。）
【第二段对应药材】（原文未标名，据考证为大腹皮）
气味辛、甘、微温，无毒。主治明亮眼睛、增益精气，消除水肿气滞。长期服用可使身体轻盈、延年益寿。（如今人们将其奉为妇科专用药物，往往耽误病情，且其独特的长处反而被掩盖。）
【第三段对应药材】（原文未标名，据考证为茜草）
气味苦、寒，无毒。主治寒湿风痹、黄疸，补益中焦。
陈修园说：气味苦寒，是因为禀受了少阴肾的气化特性。风寒湿三种邪气合而为痹证，而此药能进入足少阴经，使上下气机交通并旋转运行，那么痹证自然痊愈。上下气机交通则中焦脾土自然调和，这就有了补中的功效。中焦脾土调和则湿热之气自然化解，黄疸也就治愈了。另外，《素问》记载用芦茹一两、乌贼骨四两，用雀卵和丸，用鲍鱼汁送服，治疗气竭肝伤、脱血、血枯，妇女血枯经闭，男子阳痿精伤，名叫四乌贼骨一芦茹丸。芦茹就是茜草，也是取其入少阴经以生血，补中宫（脾）以统血。茜草汁液可染成深红色，像血一样却能行血吗？（后人将这三味药放入乌骨白丝毛鸡的腹内，用陈年酒和童便煮烂，烘干制成丸剂。用百劳水送服五七十丸，治疗妇人倒经血溢于上、男子咳嗽吐血、左手关脉弦、背上畏寒有淤血的患者。）
【茯苓】
气味甘、平，无毒。主治胸胁部气机上逆，因忧愤、惊恐、恐惧悸动引起的情志异常，心下部结聚疼痛，寒热烦闷、咳嗽气逆，口腔干燥、舌干，通利小便。长期服用可安定魂魄、滋养神志，使人不感饥饿、延年益寿。
陈修园说：茯苓气平入肺经，味甘入脾经。肺能通调水道，脾能转输津液，其功效关键在于“利小便”这一句。胸廓是肺的部位，胁肋是肝的部位，气机上逆则导致忧愤、惊恐等情志失调，七情之用因此不调和。心下部是太阳膀胱经所主的部位，水邪停留则产生结聚疼痛；水气不化则出现烦闷；水气凌犯太阴肺则咳嗽气逆；水气客居营卫之间则发热恶寒；体内有停饮则津液不能上升，导致口焦舌干，只有小便利通，则水行气化，各种疾病都能痊愈。长期服用能安魂养神、不饥延年的原因，是因为肺金为天，脾土为地，位居一身之天地，从而阐明上下交和的功效。
[Black Sesame]
Taste: Sweet, Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily treats deficiency and emaciation due to injury of the middle jiao (Spleen/Stomach), tonifies the middle jiao and five zang organs, boosts qi and strength, promotes muscle growth, and fills the marrow and brain. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Those with black color are superior.
[Section corresponding to Da Fu Pi / Areca Peel]
Taste: Pungent, Sweet, Slightly Warm. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily brightens the eyes, benefits essence, and eliminates water retention/qi stagnation. Long-term consumption lightens the body and extends longevity. (Currently, people revere it as a specialized medicine for gynecology, which often leads to errors, and its unique advantages are overshadowed.)
[Section corresponding to Qian Cao / Rubia Cordifolia Root]
Taste: Bitter, Cold. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily treats cold-dampness wind-bi (painful obstruction syndrome), jaundice, and tonifies the middle jiao.
Chen Xiuyuan said: The bitter and cold taste indicates that it receives the qi transformation of the Shaoyin (Kidney) channel. When wind, cold, and dampness combine to form bi syndrome, this herb can enter the Foot-Shaoyin channel, facilitating the communication and rotation of qi between the upper and lower parts, thereby curing the bi syndrome spontaneously. When the upper and lower parts communicate, the central earth (Spleen) harmonizes naturally, thus achieving the effect of tonifying the middle. When the central earth is harmonized, damp-heat qi transforms naturally, and jaundice heals. Furthermore, *Su Wen* records using one liang of Luru and four liang of Cuttlefish Bone, pillified with quail eggs and taken with cuttlefish juice, to treat qi exhaustion and liver injury, blood loss, and blood dryness; in women, blood dryness causing amenorrhea; in men, impotence and essence injury. This formula is named Si Wu Gu Yi Lu Ru Wan (Four Cuttlefish Bone One Luru Pill). Luru is Qian Cao (Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma), also chosen for its ability to enter the Shaoyin channel to generate blood and tonify the central palace (Spleen) to control blood. Its juice dyes crimson, resembling blood yet capable of moving blood? (Later generations placed these three ingredients inside the abdomen of a black-boned white-silk-feathered chicken, boiled thoroughly with aged wine and child's urine, dried, and made into pills. Taken with water from Bai Lao (likely a specific spring or preparation), 50-70 pills treat women with retrograde menstruation bleeding upwards, men with coughing up blood, those with a wiry pulse at the left Guan position, and back chills due to blood stasis.)
[Fu Ling / Poria]
Taste: Sweet, Neutral. Toxicity: Non-toxic. Indications: Primarily treats rebellious qi in the chest and hypochondrium, emotional disturbances such as worry, anger, fright, evil influences, fear, and palpitations, knotting pain below the heart, alternating chills and fever, vexation, fullness, cough, and rebellious qi, scorched mouth, and dry tongue, promotes urination. Long-term consumption calms the soul, nourishes the spirit, prevents hunger, and extends longevity.
Chen Xiuyuan said: Fu Ling has a neutral qi entering the Lung meridian and a sweet taste entering the Spleen meridian. The Lung regulates and diffuses, and the Spleen transports and distributes; its efficacy lies in the phrase "promotes urination." The chest is the region of the Lung, and the hypochondrium is the region of the Liver; when qi rebels upward, it causes worry, anger, fright, and other emotional imbalances, disrupting the function of the seven emotions. The area below the heart is the region governed by the Taiyang bladder; water pathogen stagnation causes knotting pain; untransformed water qi causes vexation and fullness; invading the Taiyin Lung causes cough and rebellious qi; lodging in Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive levels) causes fever and aversion to cold; internal retained fluid prevents fluids from rising, resulting in a scorched mouth and dry tongue. Only when urination becomes smooth does water flow and qi transform, curing all these diseases. The reason long-term consumption calms the soul, nourishes the spirit, prevents hunger, and extends longevity is that Lung Metal represents Heaven and Spleen Earth represents Earth, occupying the positions of Heaven and Earth in the body, thereby demonstrating the effect of upper-lower harmony.