味辛温。主伤寒温疟寒热。破症瘕结聚坚积。留饮痰癖。大腹水胀。荡练五脏六腑。
开通闭塞。利水谷道。去恶内。除鬼毒蛊注邪物。杀虫鱼。一名巴叔。生川谷。
如菽如豆。蜀栈凌云。棱尖雄辨。细紧雌分。房开双瓣。线起纵纹。疗牛肥鼠。物性偏
欣。
李时珍曰。此物出巴蜀。形如菽豆故名。有棱及两头尖者是雄。紧小者是雌。用之得宜。
皆
有功效。苏颂曰。木高一二丈。五六月结实作房。一房有二瓣。或一子或三子。戎州出者壳
上有纵纹。隐起如线一道至二三道。牛经。巴豆研油灌之。疗牛疫。陶弘景曰。鼠食之肥。
物性相耐如此。
味辛温。主邪气咳逆温中。逐骨节皮肤死肌寒湿痹痛下气。久服之。头不白。身轻增
年。生川谷。
使者含丸。馨香下抑。叶叠滑坚。枝森刺棘。浮艳衣红。摇光瞳黑。一合一开。茂州嘉
植。
清异录。一名含丸使者。服椒诀。其气馨香。其性下行。苏颂曰。本似茱萸而小。有针
刺
。叶坚而滑。寇宗 曰。凡用蜀椒。去里面黄壳。取红用。李时珍曰。其子光黑。如人之瞳
子。他椒不似之。四川志。各州俱有。以茂州出者为佳。其壳一开一合者最妙。孟郊诗。嘉
植鲜危柯。
味辛咸温。主风痹死肌。邪气风头。泪出。利九窍。杀精物。生川谷。
长垂脂浓。短具牙形。铁封蕃茂。篾束飘零。熏烟溽散。调酒风停。苍鳞百岁。去垢常
青。
李时珍曰。一种长而肥浓多脂。一种小如猪牙。不结实者。树凿一孔。入生铁三五斤。
泥封
之。即结实。其树多刺。难以上采。以篾束之。一夜自落。寇宗 曰。溽暑久雨。合苍术烧
烟辟邪疫。简要方。中风口噤。温酒调服少许。张耒诗。不缘去垢须青荚。自爱苍鳞百岁根
。
【巴豆】
味辛、温。主治伤寒、温疟引起的寒热往来。破除症瘕（腹内结块）、积聚坚积，消除留饮、痰癖（痰饮停聚形成的癖块），治疗大腹水胀。能荡涤五脏六腑，开通闭塞，通利大小便，去除体内的恶毒之物，驱除鬼毒、蛊注等邪气，杀灭寄生虫和鱼类。又名巴叔。生长在川谷地带。果实像菽豆一样大小。蜀地的栈道高耸入云。棱角尖锐、形状雄健的是雄性药材，细小紧实的是雌性药材。果房裂开呈双瓣状，表面有纵向的纹路。用于治疗牛肥鼠病，这是物性相克相制的体现。
李时珍说：这种药产于巴蜀地区，形状像菽豆，因此得名。有棱角且两头尖的是雄品，细小紧实的是雌品。只要使用得当，都有疗效。苏颂说：树木高一二丈，五六月间结果成房，一房有两瓣，每房有一子或三子。戎州出产的巴豆壳上有纵纹，隐起如线一道至二三道。《牛经》记载，将巴豆研成油灌服，可治疗牛疫。陶弘景说：老鼠吃了巴豆会变肥，这就是物性相互制约的道理。
【蜀椒】
味辛、温。主治邪气引起的咳嗽气逆，温暖中焦，驱逐骨节皮肤中的死肌、寒湿痹痛，下气。长期服用，头发不会变白，身体轻盈，延年益寿。生长在川谷地带。使者含在口中的丸药，香气浓郁向下渗透。叶片层层叠叠，质地坚硬光滑；枝条丛生，带有刺棘；外表艳丽呈红色，摇动时光泽如黑瞳。一开一合之间，茂州的优质植物显现。
《清异录》记载：又名含丸使者。服用花椒诀法，其气馨香，其性下行。苏颂说：原本类似茱萸但较小，有针刺，叶片坚硬而滑。寇宗奭说：凡是用蜀椒，需去掉里面黄色的壳，取红色的部分使用。李时珍说：它的种子光亮漆黑，像人的瞳孔，其他花椒不像这样。《四川志》记载：各州都有，以茂州出产的为佳。其壳一开一合的最为奇妙。孟郊诗云：“嘉植鲜危柯。”
【皂荚】
味辛、咸、温。主治风痹、死肌，邪气引起的头风，流泪，通利九窍，杀灭精怪之物。生长在川谷地带。长的皂荚脂肪浓厚，短的具有牙形。用铁封包裹使其繁茂，用竹篾束住使其飘落。熏烟在潮湿空气中散开，调和酒后酒风停止。苍老的树皮百年去垢，依然常青。
李时珍说：一种长而肥厚多脂，一种小如猪牙，不结果的树，在树干凿一个孔，放入生铁三五斤，用泥封住，就会结果。这种树多刺，难以采摘，用竹篾束住，一夜之间自然掉落。寇宗奭说：在湿热久雨时节，将皂荚与苍术一起烧烟，可以辟除邪疫。《简要方》记载：治疗中风口噤，用温酒调服少许。张耒诗云：“不缘去垢须青荚，自爱苍鳞百岁根。”
[Ba Dou]
Taste: Acrid, Warm. Indications: Mainly treats chills and fever caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage) or Wen Nue (Warm Malaria). Breaks up Zheng Jia (abdominal masses), accumulations, and hard consolidations; eliminates retained fluid retention and Tan Pi (phlegm-rheum癖); treats massive abdominal distension with water swelling. It cleanses the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, opens blockages, promotes urination and defecation, removes malignant internal toxins, expels evil influences such as Gui Du (ghost poison), Gu Zhu (gu poison invasion), and other pathogenic factors, and kills parasites and fish. Also known as Ba Shu. Grows in river valleys. The fruit resembles soybeans. In Shu, plank roads reach the clouds. Those with sharp edges and pointed ends are considered "male" (stronger potency); those that are fine and tight are "female." The pod splits into two valves, with longitudinal lines on the surface. Used to treat cattle obesity and rat diseases, reflecting the principle of mutual restraint among substances.
Li Shizhen stated: This substance originates from Ba and Shu regions and is named for its resemblance to soybeans. Those with ridges and pointed at both ends are male; those that are tight and small are female. When used appropriately, all possess efficacy. Su Song stated: The tree grows one to two zhang high. Fruits form pods in the fifth and sixth lunar months. Each pod has two valves, containing one or three seeds. Those from Rongzhou have longitudinal wrinkles on the shell, raised like one to three threads. The *Niu Jing* (Classic of Cattle) records that grinding Ba Dou into oil and administering it orally cures cattle plague. Tao Hongjing stated: Rats become fat after eating this, demonstrating how natures mutually counteract each other.
[Shu Jiao / Sichuan Pepper]
Taste: Acrid, Warm. Indications: Mainly treats cough and counterflow qi due to evil pathogens, warms the Middle Jiao, drives out dead flesh in bones, joints, and skin, alleviates cold-damp Bi syndrome pain, and directs qi downward. Long-term use prevents graying of hair, lightens the body, and extends lifespan. Grows in river valleys. The pill held by envoys emits a fragrant aroma that sinks downward. Leaves are layered, hard, and smooth; branches are dense with thorns; the exterior is gaudy red, shaking with luster like black pupils. Opening and closing, the excellent plant of Maozhou appears.
*Qing Yi Lu* records: Also known as Han Wan Shi Zhe (Envoy Holding Pill). According to the method of consuming pepper, its aroma is fragrant, and its nature moves downward. Su Song stated: Originally resembling Cornus officinalis but smaller, with thorns; leaves are hard and slippery. Kou Zongshi stated: When using Shu Jiao, remove the yellow inner husk and use only the red part. Li Shizhen stated: Its seeds are glossy and black, resembling human pupils; other peppers do not resemble this. *Sichuan Zhi* records: Found in all prefectures, with those from Maozhou being superior. Those shells that open and close once are most exquisite. Meng Jiao’s poem says: "Excellent plants rarely have dangerous branches."
[Zao Jia / Chinese Tamarisk Pod]
Taste: Acrid, Salty, Warm. Indications: Mainly treats Wind-Bi syndrome, dead flesh, head wind caused by evil pathogens, tearing, unblocks the Nine Orifices, and kills spirit entities. Grows in river valleys. Long pods are thick and fatty; short ones resemble pig teeth. Sealed with iron to promote growth, bound with bamboo strips to cause falling. Smoky vapor disperses in humid air; mixed with wine, wind-pathogens cease. Old scales last a hundred years, shedding dirt while staying green.
Li Shizhen stated: One type is long, plump, and fatty; another is small like pig teeth and does not bear fruit. For non-fruiting trees, drill a hole, insert 3–5 jin of raw iron, seal with mud, and fruits will develop. These trees are thorny and difficult to harvest; binding them with bamboo strips causes them to fall overnight. Kou Zongshi stated: During prolonged heat and rain, burning Zao Jia together with Cang Zhu smoke repels evil epidemics. *Jian Yao Fang* records: For stroke causing jaw lock, mix a small amount with warm wine and administer. Zhang Lei’s poem says: "Not because removing dirt requires green pods, but loving the old scales of a hundred-year root."