味苦平。主目赤痛。 伤泪出。瘀血血闭。寒热酸 。无子。一名魂常生川泽。
蚊为民害。虻亦 愁。岭南雾集。塞北尘浮。卷从木叶。化起溪流。蜩蝉形似。鼓翼鸣
秋。
埤雅。 害民。故曰蚊。虻害蚊。故曰虻。陈藏器曰。塞北亦有。岭南极多。从木叶中
出。
卷叶如子。形圆。着叶上。破之。初出如白蛆。渐大子化。折破便飞。即能啮物。扬雄文。
雾集雨散。辛德源诗。扇举细尘浮。酉阳杂俎。南方溪涧中多水蛆。长寸余。色黑。夏末变
为虻。苏恭曰。绿色如蜩蝉。李时珍曰。以翼鸣其声虻虻。韩愈序。以虫鸣秋。
味苦微寒。主逐瘀血。破下血。积坚。痞症瘕。寒热。通利血脉及九窍。生川谷。
蚕蛹生蛾。营飞逞快。饱饫血腥。猛同针虿。毒化坚凝。苦攻瘀败。譬彼多藏。浓亡堪
喟。
陈藏器曰。木虻是叶内者。蜚虻是已飞者。正如蚕蛹与蛾耳。梁武帝诗。黄鸟营飞时。
陶弘
景曰。啖牛马血。因其腹满。掩取干之。寇宗 曰。大如蜜蜂。腹凹褊。微黄绿色。李时珍
曰。虻食血而治血。成无己曰。血结不行者。以苦攻之。老子。多藏必浓亡。
味咸寒。主血瘀。症坚寒热。破积聚。喉咽痹。内寒。无子。生川泽。
负盘腹赤。名美香娘。稻花朝采。姜味中藏。寒逃屋角。飞爱灯光。中神保守。夷食称
良。
苏恭曰。一名负盘。名医曰。腹下赤。李时珍曰。俗呼香娘子。尔雅翼。此物好以清旦
食稻
花。日出则散。陶弘景曰。有两三种。以作廉姜气者为真。本生草中。八九月知寒。多逃入
人家屋里。李时珍曰。两翅能飞。喜灯火光。其气甚臭。徐之才曰。立夏之先。蜚廉生为参
苓使。主腹中七节。保神守中。西南夷食之。亦有谓也。
【木虻】
味苦，性平。主治眼睛红肿疼痛，流泪不止，瘀血阻滞及经血闭止，寒热往来，肢体酸痛，以及不孕症。一名魂常生，生长于山川沼泽地带。
蚊子是百姓的祸害，虻虫也令人发愁。岭南地区雾气聚集，塞北之地尘土飞扬。它们从卷曲的树叶中生出，由溪流变化而来。外形像蝉，在秋天振动翅膀鸣叫。
《埤雅》记载：蚊伤害百姓，所以叫“蚊”；虻伤害蚊，所以叫“虻”。陈藏器说：塞北也有，岭南极多，从树叶中生出。
将叶子卷起像茧子一样，形状圆润，附着在叶子上。破开它，初出时像白色的蛆，逐渐长大化蛹，折断后便飞出来，立刻就能叮咬物体。扬雄的文章中说：“雾气聚集雨水消散。”辛德源的诗中说：“扇子举起细尘飞扬。”《酉阳杂俎》记载：南方溪涧中有很多水蛆，长一寸多，颜色黑，夏末变为虻。苏恭说：绿色像蝉。李时珍说：因为翅膀鸣叫声音为“虻虻”。韩愈序言中说：“虫子在秋天鸣叫。”
【蜚虻】
味苦，微寒。主治驱除瘀血，破除下部出血，坚硬积聚，痞块和癥瘕（腹内结块），寒热往来，通利血脉及九窍。生长在川谷地带。
蚕蛹化为飞蛾，在空中飞舞逞能饱食血腥，凶猛如同蝎子的毒刺。毒性化解坚凝之物，苦味攻逐瘀败之血，就像那些囤积过多的人，最终难免灭亡，令人叹息。
陈藏器说：木虻是在叶内的幼虫，蜚虻是已经飞出来的成虫。正好像蚕蛹与飞蛾的关系。梁武帝的诗中说：“黄鸟在空中飞舞之时。”陶弘景说：吸食牛马的血，因为腹部饱满，捕捉后晒干。寇宗奭说：大如蜜蜂，腹部凹陷扁平，微黄绿色。李时珍说：虻吃血而治疗血病。成无己说：血液凝结不行的，用苦味药来攻逐。老子说：“囤积过多必然导致灭亡。”
【蜚廉】
味咸，寒。主治血瘀，坚硬积聚伴寒热，破除积聚，喉咽痹阻，体内寒冷，以及不孕症。生长在川泽地带。
背负圆盘状腹部且发红，名叫美香娘。清晨采集稻花上的它，其中藏着姜的味道。天冷时逃到屋角，飞行时喜爱灯光。它能守护神灵安宁，西南夷人食用称其良好。
苏恭说：一名负盘。名医说：腹部下方红色。李时珍说：俗呼香娘子。《尔雅翼》记载：此物喜欢清晨吃稻花，日出就散开。陶弘景说：有两三种，以具有姜香气的是真品。原本生于草丛中，八九月感到寒冷，多逃入人家屋里。李时珍说：两翅能飞，喜灯火光，气味很臭。徐之才说：立夏之前，蜚廉生成作为人参、茯苓的使药，主治腹中七节，保神守中。西南夷人食用它，也是有道理的。
[Mu Meng (Wood Horsefly)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Redness and pain of the eyes, excessive tearing, blood stasis and amenorrhea, alternating chills and fever, limb soreness, and infertility. Another name is Hun Chang Sheng (Soul's Long Life), growing in rivers, mountains, and marshes.
Mosquitoes are a plague to the people, and horseflies also cause distress. In Lingnan, fog gathers; in the northern frontiers, dust floats. They emerge from curled leaves and transform from streams. Their shape resembles cicadas, and they beat their wings and cry in autumn.
*Pi Ya* states: Mosquitoes harm the people, hence called "Wen" (Mosquito); Horseflies harm mosquitoes, hence called "Meng" (Horsefly). Chen Cangqi said: They exist in the north but are extremely numerous in Lingnan, emerging from leaves.
Leaves are curled like cocoons, round in shape, attached to the leaf surface. Upon breaking them, they initially appear as white maggots, gradually growing larger and transforming into pupae. When broken, they fly out immediately and can bite objects. Yang Xiong wrote: "Fog gathers, rain scatters." Xin Deyuan's poem says: "Lifting the fan, fine dust floats." *Youyang Zazu* records: In southern streams, there are many water maggots, over an inch long, black in color, transforming into horseflies at the end of summer. Su Gong said: Green like cicadas. Li Shizhen said: The sound of their wing vibration is "meng meng". Han Yu's preface says: "Insects cry in autumn."
[Fei Meng (Flying Horsefly)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Slightly Cold. Indications: Expelling blood stasis, breaking lower body bleeding, hard accumulations, masses and lumps (Zhen Jia), alternating chills and fever, unblocking blood vessels and the nine orifices. Grows in river valleys.
Silkworm pupae turn into moths, flying vigorously to satiate themselves on blood. Fierce like the sting of a scorpion, toxins resolve hardness, bitterness attacks stasis and decay. It is like those who hoard too much, eventually facing loss, which is lamentable.
Chen Cangqi said: Mu Meng refers to those inside leaves, Fei Meng refers to those already flying. Just as silkworm pupae differ from moths. Emperor Wu of Liang's poem says: "When yellow birds fly in the air." Tao Hongjing said: They feed on cattle and horse blood, becoming full-bellied; captured and dried. Kou Zongshi said: Large as bees, with concave and flat bellies, slightly yellow-green. Li Shizhen said: Horseflies consume blood and thus treat blood disorders. Cheng Wuji said: For blood结 (stagnation) that does not flow, use bitterness to attack it. Laozi said: "Hoarding too much inevitably leads to loss."
[Fei Lian (Blue Bottle Fly/Other Fly Species)]
Taste: Salty. Nature: Cold. Indications: Blood stasis, hard accumulations with alternating chills and fever, breaking accumulations, pharyngeal obstruction, internal cold, and infertility. Grows in rivers and marshes.
Carrying a disc-like red belly, named Mei Xiang Niang (Beautiful Fragrant Lady). Harvested from rice flowers in the morning, containing the flavor of ginger. When cold, they flee to corners of houses; when flying, they love light. They protect the spirit and maintain centrality; Western Yi people eat them and praise them highly.
Su Gong said: Also known as Fu Pan. Famous physicians said: The underside of the abdomen is red. Li Shizhen said: Commonly called Xiang Niang Zi. *Erya Yi* records: This creature likes to eat rice flowers early in the morning, scattering after sunrise. Tao Hongjing said: There are two or three types; those with the scent of ginger are authentic. Originally born in grass, by August and September feeling cold, they often flee into human houses. Li Shizhen said: With two wings capable of flight, they prefer lamp light, and their odor is very strong. Xu Zhicai said: Before Start of Summer, Fei Lian forms and serves as an assistant to Ren Shen (Ginseng Root) and Fu Ling (Poria), treating the seven segments of the abdomen, preserving the spirit and guarding the center. Western Yi people eating it also has validity.