味咸平。主心痛。温中。去长虫。白 。蛲虫。蛇螫毒。症瘕诸虫。一名 芦。生池
泽。
深秋丛苇。过雨繁钉。轻虚酥脆。表里光荧。攻蛔羹 。御虺尘腥。桑菰竹蓐。和美同
馨。
李时珍曰。 当作 。芦苇之属。此菌生于其下故名。韩保升曰。秋雨以时即有。汪藻
诗。
累累万钉繁。苏恭曰。其菌色白轻虚。表里相似。杨万里诗。酥茎娇脆手轻拾。外台秘要。
蛔虫攻心。羊肉 和食之效。李质赋。极惊蛇而走虺。元好问诗。闹嫌人迹带尘腥。潘之恒
谱。埋桑木于土中。浇以米汁生菰。竹蓐。生朽竹根节。得溽湿之气而成。吕氏春秋。和之
美者。越骆之菌。
味苦平。主痈肿。恶创。败疽。疡阴。死肌。胃中邪气。贼风鬼击。痱缓不收。一名
甘根。一名连芨草。生川谷。
科茁独茎。根偏连芨。舌吐红尖。脐凝白汁。菱角歧分。螺纹旋密。阳中之阴。秋金收
翕。
李时珍曰。其根白色。连及而生。但一科止抽一茎。开花匀红色。中心如舌。其根如菱
角。
有脐。如凫茈之脐。又如扁螺旋纹。性涩。而收得秋金之令。李杲曰。此阳中之阴也。
味苦寒。主蛊毒。十二水肿满。急痛。积聚中风。皮肤疼痛。吐逆。一名邛钜。
俨森列戟。锋畏喉 。凝浆中注。直干高充。披绵藏颖。攒紫摇溶。附生宣泄。荠 消
融。
左传。富父终甥 其喉以戈。李时珍曰。其根辛苦。戟人咽喉故名。生平泽。甚多。直
茎高
二三尺。中空。折之有白浆。杭州紫大戟为上。北方绵大戟。根皮柔韧。甚峻利。范成大诗
。山头云气尚披绵。骆宾王序。藏颖重岩。谢 诗。发萼初攒紫。李商隐诗。黄河摇溶天上
来。王好古曰。此为泻水之药。湿胜者苦燥除之也。雷 论。凡使勿用附生者。误服令人泄
气。即煎荠 汤解之。
【白芨】
味咸，性平。主治心痛。温暖中焦。驱除长虫（蛔虫）。治疗蛲虫。蛇咬中毒。症瘕（腹内结块）及各类寄生虫病。又名 芦。生长于池塘沼泽地带。
深秋时节丛生的芦苇旁，雨后菌菇繁茂如钉。质地轻虚酥脆，内外光泽晶莹。可攻杀蛔虫用于羹汤，抵御毒蛇与尘土腥气。生于桑木、菰米竹席下的菌菇，味道和美同享馨香。
李时珍说： 应当写作“ ”，属于芦苇一类。这种菌生长在芦苇之下，因此得名。韩保升说：秋雨按时节落下时就会出现。汪藻的诗写道：“累累万钉繁。”苏恭说：这种菌颜色白而轻虚，内外质地相似。杨万里的诗写道：“酥茎娇脆手轻拾。”《外台秘要》记载：蛔虫攻心，用羊肉和着吃此菌有效。李质的赋写道：“极惊蛇而走虺。”元好问的诗写道：“闹嫌人迹带尘腥。”潘之恒的谱书记载：将桑木埋于土中，浇灌米汁生出菰；竹席生于朽烂的竹根节上，都是凭借潮湿之气而成。《吕氏春秋》说：味道美的菌，是越骆地方的菌。
【大戟】
味苦，性平。主治痈肿。恶疮。败疽。疡阴。死肌。胃中邪气。贼风鬼击（突发性剧痛或中风）。痱缓不收（肢体痿废不用）。又名甘根。又名连芨草。生长于山川河谷。
丛生独茎，根部偏斜相连如芨草。舌状花吐出红尖，脐部凝结白色汁液。形状像菱角分叉，纹理如螺纹旋密。属阳中之阴，顺应秋季金气收敛之令。
李时珍说：其根白色，连接而生，但一科只抽出一茎，开花均匀呈红色，中心如舌头。其根如菱角，有脐，像凫茈（荸荠）的脐，又像扁螺旋纹。性涩，且得秋季金气的收敛特性。李杲说：这是阳中之阴的药。
【大戟】
味苦，性寒。主治蛊毒。十二种水肿胀满。急痛。积聚中风。皮肤疼痛。呕吐逆气。又名邛钜。
严正森列如戟，锋芒令人畏惧咽喉刺痛。凝浆从中流出。直干高大充实，披着绵状外皮藏着颖穗。攒聚紫色摇曳溶溶。附生宣泄，荠菜帮助消融。
《左传》记载：富父终甥用戈刺穿他的喉咙。李时珍说：其根辛苦，刺人咽喉，因此得名。生长于平原沼泽，数量很多。直茎高约二三尺，中空，折断后有白色浆液。杭州产的紫大戟为上品。北方产的绵大戟，根皮柔韧，药性甚为峻烈。范成大的诗写道：“山头云气尚披绵。”骆宾王的序文写道：“藏颖重岩。”谢朓的诗写道：“发萼初攒紫。”李商隐的诗写道：“黄河摇溶天上来。”王好古说：这是泻水的药物，湿气胜者可用其苦燥之性去除。雷敩论说：凡使用不要选用附生的，误服会让人泄气，即煎煮荠菜汤来解毒。
[Baiji (Bletilla striata)]
Taste: Salty. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Heart pain. Warms the Middle Jiao (Middle Burner). Expels long worms (Ascaris lumbricoides). Treats Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms). Snakebite toxicity. Zhengjia (abdominal masses) and various parasitic diseases. Also known as Lu. Grows in ponds and marshes.
In late autumn, amidst clusters of reeds, after rain, fungi proliferate densely like nails. The texture is light, void, crisp, and brittle; the surface and interior are luminous and clear. It can attack roundworms when used in soups, and defend against venomous snakes and dusty odors. Fungi growing under mulberry wood, gulu bamboo mats, share a harmonious and fragrant taste.
Li Shizhen stated: "Lu" should be written as " ", belonging to the category of reeds. This fungus grows beneath them, hence the name. Han Baosheng said: They appear when autumn rains fall on schedule. Wang Zao's poem reads: "Countless dense nails flourish." Su Gong said: The fungus is white, light, and void, with similar texture inside and out. Yang Wanli's poem reads: "Crisp stems are delicate and brittle, picked up lightly by hand." *Waitai Miyao* records: For roundworms attacking the heart, eating this fungus with mutton is effective. Li Zhi's fu reads: "Startling snakes away from vipers." Yuan Haowen's poem reads: "Annoyed by human traces bringing dusty odors." Pan Zhiheng's record states: Burying mulberry wood in soil and watering it with rice juice produces gu; bamboo mats grow at the joints of rotting bamboo roots, formed by dampness. *Lüshi Chunqiu* states: The most delicious fungi are those from Yue Luo.
[Daji (Knoxiae Root)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Carbuncles and swellings. Malignant sores. Decaying ulcers. Yin ulcers. Necrotic tissue. Pathogenic qi in the stomach. Zeifeng Guiji (sudden severe pain or stroke-like symptoms). Feihuan bu shou (flaccid paralysis and inability to move). Also known as Gen Gen. Also known as Lianji Cao. Grows in river valleys and mountains.
Clusters with a single stem; the root slants and connects like Ji grass. Tongue-shaped florets emit red tips; the navel condenses white juice. Shape resembles divided water caltrops; texture features dense spiral threads like snail shells. Belongs to Yin within Yang, following the autumn Metal energy of contraction.
Li Shizhen stated: The root is white, growing in connection, but each cluster produces only one stem. Flowers bloom evenly in red, with the center resembling a tongue. The root resembles a water caltrop, having a navel like that of Eleocharis dulcis (water chestnut), and a pattern like a flat spiral. Its nature is astringent, acquiring the contracting command of autumn Metal. Li Gao stated: This is Yin within Yang.
[Daji (Euphorbiae Pekinensis Radix)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Indications: Gu poison. Twelve types of edema and fullness. Acute pain. Accumulations and wind-stroke. Skin pain. Vomiting and rebellious Qi. Also known as Qiong Ju.
Standing solemnly like halberds, its sharp edges fear causing throat constriction. Coagulated fluid pours from within. Straight stalks are tall and substantial, draped in cottony outer layers hiding the inner essence. Purple clusters sway and ripple. Attached growths disperse and vent, while shepherd's purse helps dissolve.
*Zuo Zhuan* records: Fu Fu Zhongsheng pierced his throat with a ge (dagger-axe). Li Shizhen stated: The root is bitter and pungent, irritating the throat, hence the name. It grows in plains and marshes, in great abundance. The straight stem is two to three chi high, hollow inside, exuding white latex when broken. Purple Daji from Hangzhou is of the highest quality. Mian Daji from the north has tough and flexible root bark, with very potent and harsh properties. Fan Chengda's poem reads: "Cloud mist on the mountain peak still drapes like cotton." Luo Binwang's preface reads: "Hiding its essence in deep rocks." Xie Tiao's poem reads: "Buds first gather purple." Li Shangyin's poem reads: "The Yellow River sways and ripples down from heaven." Wang Haogu stated: This is a drug for draining water; for conditions where dampness prevails, its bitter-drying nature removes it. Lei Xiao's treatise states: When using, do not employ attached-growth varieties. Accidental ingestion causes Qi depletion; decocting shepherd's purse (Shepherd's Purse Herb) can detoxify it.