味甘平。主湿痹。腰脊膝痛。补中除暴疾。益精气。强志。令耳目聪明。久服轻身
。不饥耐老神仙。一名雁啄实。生池泽。
橐韬川植。论斗剥肤。 毛青涌。鸡啄红敷。盘轮绉 。囊截明珠。上池华液。挹注嗫
嚅。
周礼疏。川泽植物宜膏物。莲芡之实有橐韬者。黄庭坚诗。明珠论斗煮鸡头。易。剥床以肤
。王叟岩诗。琉璃涌出青毛 。李时珍曰。芡。生紫花。在苞顶如鸡啄。叶贴水。皱文如
。宋
文同诗。芡盘圆圆如碧轮。姜特立诗。明珠截锦囊。东坡杂记。吴子野云。食芡必枚啮而细
嚼。终日嗫嚅。足以致上池之水。使人华液通流。转相挹注。
味甘平。主伤中虚羸。补五内。益气力。长肌肉。填髓脑。久服轻身不老。一名巨胜
。叶名青 。生川泽。
种督儿曹。 先嘉耦。八拗生殊。四宜具有。烛持溪头。杯流洞口。绿叶华滋。沐宜螓
首。
梅尧臣诗。胡麻养气血。种以督儿曹。唐慎微曰。俗传胡麻须夫妇同种则茂盛。左传。
嘉耦
曰妃。鸡肋编。胡麻性有八拗。雨 时薄收。大旱方熟。开花向下。结子向上。炒焦压榨。
才得生油。膏车则滑。钻针乃涩。戴元表赋。芘本近仁。向明近智。蹈约而不移。近信在困
。而能恭近义以为君子之道。四宜乎。拾遗记。背明之国。有通明麻食者夜行不持烛。是巨
胜也。曹唐诗。吃尽溪头巨胜花。神仙记。刘晨阮肇入天台采药。见一杯流下。有胡麻饭。
陆龟蒙诗。不敢窥洞口。古诗。绿叶发华滋。寇宗 曰。青 叶汤浸。妇人以之梳发。诗。
螓首蛾眉。
芡实（鸡头实）：味甘，性平。主治湿痹（因湿邪阻滞经络引起的关节疼痛、重着等症）。缓解腰脊及膝盖疼痛。补益中气，消除突发疾病。增益精气。增强意志。使耳聪目明。长期服用可使人身体轻盈，不感饥饿，延缓衰老，被视为神仙之食。又名雁啄实。生长于池塘沼泽之中。
（赞曰）川泽中种植，论斗剥去外皮。青色毛刺涌出，如鸡嘴般啄开红色外壳。圆盘状皱缩，囊中截断如明珠。汲取上池的华液，细细咀嚼吞咽。
《周礼疏》说：川泽中的植物适宜作为膏脂之物。莲子和芡实的果实有包裹的外壳。黄庭坚诗云：“明珠论斗煮鸡头。”《易经》中有“剥床以肤”之句。王叟岩诗云：“琉璃涌出青毛刺。”李时珍说：芡实开紫花，位于苞顶，形状像鸡嘴啄食。叶子贴在水面上，纹理皱缩如车轮。宋代文同诗云：“芡盘圆圆如碧轮。”姜特立诗云：“明珠截锦囊。”东坡杂记记载：吴子野说，吃芡实必须一颗颗咬碎细嚼，整天嗫嚅不停，足以引致上池之水（指唾液或津液），使人体华液通流，相互灌注滋养。
胡麻（巨胜）：味甘，性平。主治内伤导致的虚弱消瘦。补益五脏。益气力。增长肌肉。填补髓脑。长期服用可使人身体轻盈，延缓衰老。又名巨胜。叶片名为青葙（此处原文可能有误，通常指胡麻叶，但依原文翻译）。生长于川泽之地。
（赞曰）种植督促儿辈。先结佳偶。八种拗性生于殊异之处。四种适宜具备。手持蜡烛在溪头，杯流于洞口。绿叶繁茂滋润，沐浴宜用洗螓首（形容头发乌黑光亮）。
梅尧臣诗云：“胡麻养气血，种以督儿曹。”唐慎微说：俗传胡麻须夫妇共同种植才会茂盛。《左传》云：“嘉耦曰妃。”《鸡肋编》记载：胡麻性情有八种拗性：雨多时收成薄，大旱时才成熟；开花向下，结子向上；炒焦压榨，才能得到生油；涂车则滑，钻针则涩。戴元表赋云：“芘本近仁，向明近智。蹈约而不移，近信在困。而能恭近义以为君子之道。四宜乎。”《拾遗记》记载：背明之国，有食用通明麻的人夜间行走不需持烛，这就是巨胜。曹唐诗云：“吃尽溪头巨胜花。”《神仙记》记载：刘晨、阮肇进入天台山采药，看见一杯水流出，里面有胡麻饭。陆龟蒙诗云：“不敢窥洞口。”古诗云：“绿叶发华滋。”寇宗奭说：青葙叶汤浸，妇人用它来梳头。《诗经》云：“螓首蛾眉。”
Euryale Seed (Jitou Shi): The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral. It primarily treats damp-bi syndrome (joint pain and heaviness caused by pathogenic dampness). It alleviates pain in the lower back, spine, and knees. It tonifies the Middle Jiao (Spleen and Stomach), eliminates acute illnesses, benefits essence and qi, strengthens willpower, and makes the ears and eyes sharp. Long-term consumption lightens the body, prevents hunger, delays aging, and is regarded as food for immortals. Also known as Yan Zhuo Shi. It grows in ponds and marshes.
(Verse) Planted in rivers and marshes, counted by the dou when peeling the skin. Green thorns emerge, like a chicken's beak pecking open the red coating. Round plates with wrinkles, sacs cut like bright pearls. Drawing from the upper pool's nectar, chewing and swallowing slowly.
The Commentary on the Rites of Zhou states: Plants in rivers and marshes are suitable as oily substances. The fruits of lotus and Euryale have protective casings. Huang Tingjian's poem says: "Bright pearls counted by the dou, boiled Jitou." The I Ching contains the phrase "Peeling the bed to the skin." Wang Souyan's poem says: "Glazed vessels emerge with green thorns." Li Shizhen said: Euryale bears purple flowers at the top of the calyx, resembling a chicken's beak pecking. The leaves lie flat on the water surface, with wrinkled patterns like chariot wheels. Song Dynasty poet Wen Tong wrote: "The Euryale plate is round like a green wheel." Jiang Telib's poem says: "Bright pearls cut into brocade bags." Dongpo's Miscellaneous Records record: Wu Ziye said, eating Euryale requires biting each one and chewing carefully, mumbling all day, which is sufficient to generate the water of the upper pool (saliva/jin fluids), allowing the body's nectar to flow freely and nourish each other.
Sesame (Jusheng): The flavor is sweet, and the nature is neutral. It primarily treats internal injury leading to deficiency and emaciation. It tonifies the five Zang organs. It boosts qi and strength, promotes muscle growth, fills the marrow and brain. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. Also known as Jusheng. The leaves are named Qing Xiang (Note: Text likely refers to Sesame leaves, but translates literally as Qing Xiang). It grows in rivers and marshes.
(Verse) Planting urges the children. First forming good pairs. Eight stubborn traits born from differences. Four suitability factors possessed. Holding candles at the stream head, cups flowing at the cave mouth. Green leaves flourish and moisten, bathing suits washing the forehead (describing shiny black hair).
Mei Yaochen's poem says: "Sesame nourishes qi and blood, planted urging the children." Tang Shenwei said: Folk tradition holds that sesame must be planted by husband and wife together to thrive. The Zuo Zhuan says: "A good match is called a consort." The Chicken Rib Compilation records: Sesame has eight stubborn traits: harvest is thin when it rains, matures only during severe drought; flowers face downward, seeds face upward; roasted until scorched and pressed, raw oil is obtained; lubricates carts but makes drilling needles slippery. Dai Yuanbiao's Fu says: "Bi Ben is close to benevolence, facing brightness is close to wisdom. Treading simplicity without deviation, closeness to trust lies in adversity. And being respectful and close to righteousness constitutes the way of the gentleman. How fitting these four suitability factors." The Record of Gleanings states: In the Country Facing Away from Brightness, there are people who eat Transparent Sesame and can walk at night without holding candles; this is Jusheng. Cao Tang's poem says: "Having eaten all the Jusheng flowers at the stream head." The Record of Immortals states: Liu Chen and Ruan Zhao entered Mount Tiantai to gather herbs, saw a cup flowing down containing sesame rice. Lu Guimeng's poem says: "Dare not peek into the cave mouth." Ancient poem says: "Green leaves bloom and flourish." Kou Zongshi said: Soaking Qing Xiang leaves in soup, women use it to comb their hair. The Book of Songs says: "Forehead like a cicada's head, eyebrows like moth antennae."