味咸,微温。主女子漏下赤白经汁,血闭,阴蚀肿痛,寒热症瘕,无子。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶生东海。取无时。
案∶《说文》云∶ ,乌 ,鱼名,或作鲫。《左思赋》有乌贼。刘逵注云∶乌贼鱼,
腹中有墨。陶弘景云∶此是 乌所化作,今其口脚具存,犹相似尔。
味咸。主小儿惊痫夜啼,去三虫,减黑 ,令人面色好,男子阴疡病。生平泽。
《名医》曰∶生 川。四月取自死者。
案∶《说文》云∶蚕任丝也。《淮南子·说林训》云∶蚕,食而不饮,二十二日而化。
《博物志》云∶蚕三化,先孕而后交。不交者,亦生子,子后为 ,皆无眉目,易伤,收采
亦薄。《玉篇》作僵蚕,正当为僵,旧作 ,非。
味辛,微温,主心腹症瘕、伏坚、积聚、寒热,女子崩中,下血五色,小腹阴中相引痛,
创疥死肌。生池泽。
《名医》曰∶生南海。取无时。
案∶《说文》云∶鳝,鱼石,皮可为鼓。鼍蜥,水虫似蜥,易长大。陶弘景云∶蛇,即
鼍甲也。
味苦,平,主心腹邪气,阴痿,益精强志,生子,好色、补中、轻身。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生河内樗树上。七月采,曝干。
案∶《广雅》云∶樗鸠,樗鸡也。《尔雅》云∶ ,天鸡。李巡云∶一名酸鸡。郭璞云
∶小虫,黑身赤头,一名莎鸡,又曰樗鸡。《毛诗》云∶六月莎鸡振羽。陆玑云∶莎鸡,如
蝗而斑色,毛翅数重,某翅正赤,或谓之天鸡。六月中,飞而振羽,索索作声。幽州人谓之
蒲错,是也。
乌贼鱼骨:味咸,性微温。主治妇女漏下赤白经汁(阴道非经期流出红白相间的分泌物),血闭(月经闭止不通),阴蚀肿痛(外阴腐蚀溃烂、肿胀疼痛),寒热症瘕(忽冷忽热,腹内有结块),无子(不孕)。产于池沼泽地。
《名医别录》说:产于东海。随时可取。
按:《说文解字》说:[缺字],乌[缺字],是鱼名,有的版本写作“鲫”。左思的赋中有提到乌贼。刘逵注释说:乌贼鱼,腹中有墨汁。陶弘景说:这是由乌[缺字]变化而成的,现在它的口和脚都还存在,仍然很相似。
樗鸡(此处原文实为僵蚕,根据下文“蚕任丝”、“僵蚕”考证,此段描述的是僵蚕,但标题误植或古籍传抄问题,依原文语境翻译):味咸。主治小儿惊痫(惊风癫痫)、夜啼,去除三虫(多种肠道寄生虫),消除黑[缺字](面部黑斑或瘢痕),使人面色美好,治疗男子阴疡病(外生殖器溃疡)。产于平原水泽之地。
《名医别录》说:产于[缺字]川。四月从死去的蚕中收取。
按:《说文解字》说:蚕吐丝。《淮南子·说林训》说:蚕,只吃不喝,二十二天后化蛹。《博物志》说:蚕经过三次变化,先怀孕后交配。不交配的,也生子孙,子孙后来变成[缺字],都没有眉毛眼睛,容易受伤,采集收获也很微薄。《玉篇》写作“僵蚕”,应当是“僵”字,旧本写作[缺字],是错误的。
鳝甲(此处原文实为鼍甲/穿山甲类或类似介壳类,根据“皮可为鼓”、“鼍蜥”考证,此段描述的是鼍甲或类似物,但标题可能对应古名,依原文语境翻译):味辛,性微温。主治心腹症瘕(胸腹部的结块)、伏坚(潜伏在体内的坚硬积块)、积聚(气血郁滞形成的包块)、寒热,妇女崩中(子宫大量出血),下血五色(排出五种颜色的败血),小腹和阴部相互牵引疼痛,创伤、疥癣、死肌(坏死肌肉)。产于池沼泽地。
《名医别录》说:产于南海。随时可取。
按:《说文解字》说:鳝,是鱼石,皮可以做鼓。鼍蜥,是水虫,像蜥蜴,容易长大。陶弘景说:蛇,就是鼍甲。
樗鸡:味苦,性平。主治心腹邪气,阴痿(阳痿),益精强志(补益精气、增强意志),生子(促进生育),好色(改善面色或性欲,此处依古文多指容色美好或性功能,结合上下文“益精”多指生殖功能相关)、补中(补益脾胃)、轻身(使身体轻便灵活)。产于河流山谷。
《名医别录》说:产于河内地区的樗树上。七月采集,晒干。
按:《广雅》说:樗鸠,就是樗鸡。《尔雅》说:[缺字],是天鸡。李巡说:一名酸鸡。郭璞说:是小虫,黑身红头,一名莎鸡,又叫樗鸡。《毛诗》说:六月莎鸡振动翅膀。陆玑说:莎鸡,像蝗虫但有斑纹,毛翅好几层,某些翅膀正红色,有人叫它天鸡。六月中,飞翔并振动翅膀,发出索索的声音。幽州人叫它蒲错,就是这个。
Cuttlebone (Wuzei Yugu): Salty in flavor, slightly warm in nature. It primarily treats women's leukorrhea with red and white discharge (vaginal discharge of mixed red and white color outside of menstruation), amenorrhea (cessation of menstruation), erosive swelling and pain of the genitals (ulceration, swelling, and pain of the external genitalia), chills and fever with abdominal masses (alternating chills and fever with palpable masses in the abdomen), and infertility. It is produced in ponds and marshes.
The Mingyi Bielu (Records of Famous Physicians) states: It is produced in the East China Sea. It can be collected at any time.
Annotation: The Shuowen Jiezi (Etymological Dictionary) states: [Missing character], Wu [missing character], is a fish name, sometimes written as "Ji" (Crucian Carp). Zuo Si's Fu (Rhapsody) mentions the cuttlefish. Liu Kui's annotation states: The cuttlefish has ink in its belly. Tao Hongjing states: This is transformed from Wu [missing character]; its mouth and feet still exist today, remaining quite similar.
Bombyx Batryticatus (Jiangcan, though the text header may vary, the content describes stiff silkworm): Salty in flavor. It primarily treats infantile convulsions and epilepsy, night crying, eliminates the Three Parasites (various intestinal parasites), reduces black spots (facial hyperpigmentation or scars), improves complexion, and treats male genital ulcers. It is produced in flatlands and marshes.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It is produced in [Missing] River. In the fourth month, it is collected from dead silkworms.
Annotation: The Shuowen Jiezi states: Silkworms produce silk. The Huainanzi · Shuolin Xun states: Silkworms eat but do not drink, transforming after twenty-two days. The Bowuzhi (Record of Diverse Matters) states: Silkworms undergo three transformations; they conceive first and then mate. Those that do not mate also produce offspring, which later become [missing character]; they have no eyebrows or eyes, are easily injured, and the harvest is scant. The Yupian (Jade Piece Dictionary) writes it as "Jiangcan" (Stiff Silkworm); it should correctly be "Jiang" (Stiff). The old version writing it as [missing character] is incorrect.
Manis Squama or Trionyx Shell (Shanjia/Biejia context, text describes Tuo Jia/Alligator Shell): Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature. It primarily treats abdominal masses (masses in the heart and abdomen), hidden hardness (deep-seated hard accumulations), accumulations and gatherings (masses formed by stagnation of Qi and Blood), chills and fever, uterine bleeding (profuse uterine bleeding in women), discharge of five-colored blood (discharge of necrotic blood of various colors), mutual pulling pain in the lower abdomen and genitals, sores, scabies, and dead muscle (necrotic tissue). It is produced in ponds and marshes.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It is produced in the South China Sea. It can be collected at any time.
Annotation: The Shuowen Jiezi states: Shan (Eel/Fish stone), its skin can be used for drums. Tuo Xi (Alligator Lizard) is an aquatic insect-like creature resembling a lizard, growing large easily. Tao Hongjing states: She (Snake) refers to Tuo Jia (Alligator Shell).
Chuji (Ailanthus Bug/Eurydema): Bitter in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats pathogenic Qi in the heart and abdomen, impotence (Yin Wei), benefits Essence and strengthens Will (Yi Jing Qiang Zhi), promotes fertility, improves complexion/libido, tonifies the Middle Jiao (Bu Zhong), and lightens the body (Qing Shen). It is produced in river valleys.
The Mingyi Bielu states: It is produced on Ailanthus trees in Henei. It is collected in the seventh month and dried in the sun.
Annotation: The Guangya states: Chu Jiu is Chu Ji. The Erya states: [Missing character] is Tian Ji (Sky Chicken). Li Xun states: It is also called Suan Ji (Sour Chicken). Guo Pu states: It is a small insect with a black body and red head, also called Sha Ji (Sedge Chicken) or Chu Ji. The Mao Shi (Book of Songs) states: In the sixth month, the Sha Ji vibrates its wings. Lu Ji states: The Sha Ji resembles a locust but is speckled; it has multiple layers of hairy wings, with some wings being bright red; it is also called Tian Ji. In the sixth month, it flies and vibrates its wings, making a "suo suo" sound. People in Youzhou call it Pu Cuo, which is this insect.