味苦，平。主目赤痛， 伤泪出，瘀血血闭，寒热酸 ，无子。一名魂常。生川泽。
《名医》曰∶生汉中。五月取。
案∶《说文》云∶虻，啮人飞虫。《广雅》云∶ ，虻也，此省文。《淮南子·齐俗训》
云∶水虿，为 芒。高诱云∶青蛉也。又《说文训》云∶虻，散积血。
味苦，微寒。主逐瘀血，破下血积、坚痞症瘕、寒热，通利血脉及九窍。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生江夏。五月取。腹有血者，良。
味咸，寒。主血瘀（《御览》引云∶逐下血）、症坚、寒热，破积聚，喉咽痹，内寒，无
子。生川泽。
《吴普》曰∶蜚廉虫，神农、黄帝云∶治妇人寒热（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生晋阳及人家屋间。立秋采。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，卢， 也。蜚，臭虫，负 也。 ，KT 也。《广雅》云∶飞
，
飞蠊也。《尔雅》云∶蜚， 。郭璞云∶即负盘臭虫。《唐本》注云∶汉中人食之下气，名
曰石姜，一名卢 ，一名负盘，占作蠊。据邢 疏引此作廉。
味咸，寒。主心腹寒热洗洗，血积症瘕，破坚，下血闭，生子大良。一名土鳖。生川泽。
《名医》曰∶一名土鳖。生河东及沙中、人家墙壁下、土中湿处。十月，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶ 虫，属 ，目 也。《广雅》云∶负 ， 也。《尔雅》云∶草
虫，负 。郭璞云∶常羊也。《毛诗》云∶ 草虫。《传》云∶草虫，常羊也。陆玑云∶
小大长短如蝗也。奇音，青色，好在茅草中。
【木虻】
味苦，性平。主治目赤肿痛，迎风流泪，瘀血阻滞及经闭不通，寒热往来，以及不孕症。又名魂常。生长于山川沼泽地带。
《名医别录》记载：产于汉中地区。五月采收。
考证：《说文解字》说：虻，是咬人的飞虫。《广雅》说：[某字]，就是虻，这是省略写法。《淮南子·齐俗训》说：水中的蝎子，会变成[某字]。高诱注释说：就是青蛉（一种青色的小飞虫）。又《说文解字》解释“虻”字时说：虻能消散积血。
【虻虫】
味苦，微寒。主治驱除瘀血，破除下腹部的血积、坚硬的痞块和症瘕积聚，治疗寒热，疏通血脉及九窍。生长于山川谷地。
《名医别录》记载：产于江夏地区。五月采收。腹部有血的虻虫药效最好。
【蜚廉】
味咸，性寒。主治血瘀（《太平御览》引用原文说：驱逐下焦瘀血）、症结坚硬、寒热，破除积聚，喉咽痹阻，内寒，以及不孕症。生长于山川沼泽地带。
《吴普本草》记载：蜚廉虫，神农氏和黄帝认为：能治疗妇女的寒热病（见《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：产于晋阳及人家屋檐间。立秋时节采集。
考证：《说文解字》说：[某字]，卢，[某字]也。蜚，指臭虫，即负蝓。[某字]，KT也。《广雅》说：飞[某字]，就是飞蠊。《尔雅》说：蜚，[某字]。郭璞注释说：就是负盘臭虫。《唐本注》说：汉中人食用它来降气，名叫石姜，一名卢[某字]，一名负盘，古文中写作蠊。据邢昺疏引此作“廉”。
【土鳖虫】
味咸，性寒。主治心腹部的寒冷战栗感，血积症瘕，破除坚硬之物，通下经闭，对生育大有好处。又名土鳖。生长于山川沼泽地带。
《名医别录》记载：又名土鳖。产于河东及沙地中、人家墙壁下、土壤中潮湿处。十月采收，晒干。
考证：《说文解字》说：[某字]虫，属于[某类]，目[某字]也。《广雅》说：负[某字]，[某字]也。《尔雅》说：草虫，负[某字]。郭璞注释说：就是常羊。《毛诗》说：[某字]草虫。《传》解释说：草虫，就是常羊。陆玑说：大小长短像蝗虫一样。奇音，青色，喜欢藏在茅草中。
[Meng Chong (Wood Horsefly)]
Bitter, neutral. Primarily treats redness and pain of the eyes, tearing upon exposure to wind, blood stasis with amenorrhea, alternating chills and fever, and infertility. Also known as Hun Chang. Grows in rivers, lakes, and marshes.
*The Classic of Famous Physicians* states: Produced in Hanzhong. Harvested in May.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Meng" refers to flying insects that bite humans. *Guaya* states: [Character], Meng, this is an abbreviated form. *Huainanzi · Qisu Xun* states: Water scorpions transform into [Character]. Gao You comments: It is a green mantis-like insect. Furthermore, *Shuowen Jiezi* explains the character "Meng": Meng disperses accumulated blood.
[Chong (Horsefly)]
Bitter, slightly cold. Primarily drives out blood stasis, breaks down sub-abdominal blood accumulations, hard epigastric masses, and zheng jia (masses), treats alternating chills and fever, unblocks the vessels and orifices. Grows in river valleys.
*The Classic of Famous Physicians* states: Produced in Jiangxia. Harvested in May. Those with blood in the abdomen are superior in efficacy.
[Fei Lian (Cockroach)]
Salty, cold. Primarily treats blood stasis (*Taiping Yulan* quotes: drives out lower jiao blood), hard nodules, alternating chills and fever, breaks down accumulations, pharyngeal obstruction, internal cold, and infertility. Grows in rivers, lakes, and marshes.
*Wu Pu Bencao* states: Fei Lian Chong; Shennong and Huangdi stated it treats women's alternating chills and fever (*Taiping Yulan*).
*The Classic of Famous Physicians* states: Produced in Jinyang and under eaves of houses. Collected at Start of Autumn.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [Character], Lu, [Character] also. Fei refers to bedbugs, i.e., Fu Yu. [Character], KT also. *Guaya* states: Flying [Character], is flying cockroach. *Erya* states: Fei, [Character]. Guo Pu comments: It is the Fu Pan bedbug. *Tang Ben Zhu* states: People in Hanzhong eat it to direct qi downward, named Shi Jiang, also known as Lu [Character], also known as Fu Pan, written as Lian in ancient texts. According to Xing Bing's commentary citing this, it is written as Lian.
[Tu Bie Chong (Ground Beetle)]
Salty, cold. Primarily treats chilling sensations in the heart and abdomen, blood accumulations and zheng jia (masses), breaks down hardness, resolves amenorrhea, and is highly beneficial for fertility. Also known as Tu Bie. Grows in rivers, lakes, and marshes.
*The Classic of Famous Physicians* states: Also known as Tu Bie. Produced in Hedong, sandy areas, under house walls, and in moist soil. Harvested in October, dried in the sun.
Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [Character] Chong, belongs to [Category], eye [Character] also. *Guaya* states: Fu [Character], [Character] also. *Erya* states: Grass Chong, Fu [Character]. Guo Pu comments: It is Chang Yang. *Mao Shi* states: [Character] Grass Chong. *Zhuan* explains: Grass Chong is Chang Yang. Lu Ji states: Small and large, long and short like locusts. Qi Yin, green color, likes to hide in thatch grass.