味苦，寒。主风水黄胆，面热、黑。一名柳絮。叶∶主马疥痂创；实∶主溃痈，逐脓血；
子汁∶疗渴。生川泽。
《名医》曰∶生琅邪。
案∶《说文》云∶柳，小杨也；柽，河柳也，杨木也。《尔雅》∶柽，河柳。郭璞云∶
今河旁赤茎小杨，又旄泽柳。郭璞云∶生泽中者，又杨，蒲柳。郭璞云∶可以为箭，《左传
》所谓董泽之蒲。《毛诗》云∶无折我树杞。《传》云∶杞，木名也。陆玑云∶杞，柳属也。
味苦，寒。主温疾伤寒，大热烦狂，杀三虫、疥疡，利小便水道。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生荆山。
案∶《说文》云∶楝，木也。《中山经》云∶其实如楝。郭璞云∶楝，木名。子如指头，
白而粘，可以浣衣也。《淮南子·时则训》云∶七月，其树楝。高诱云∶楝实，凤凰所食，
今雒城旁有楝树。实，秋熟。
味酸，平。主大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿，利小便水道。根∶主齿龈肿，龋齿，一名爵李。
生坚齿川谷。
《吴普》曰∶郁李，一名雀李，一名车下李，一名棣（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名车下李，一名棣。生高山及邱陵上。五月、六月采根。
案∶《说文》云∶棣，白棣也。《广雅》云∶山李，雀其郁也。《尔雅》云∶常棣，棣
。郭璞云∶今关西有棣树，子如樱桃，可食。《毛诗》云∶六月食郁。《传》云∶郁，棣属
。刘稹《毛诗·义问》云∶常棣之树，高五、六尺；其实大如李，正赤，食之甜。又《诗
》云∶常棣之花。《传》云∶常棣，棣也。陆玑云∶奥李，一名雀李，一曰李下李，所在山
中皆有。其花，或白或赤，六
月中熟大，子如李子，可食。沈括《补笔谈》云∶晋宫阁铭曰∶华
十四株， 李一侏。
柳花：味苦，性寒。主治风水病引起的黄疸，以及面部发热、面色发黑。又名柳絮。叶：主治马疥疮及痂皮伤口；果实：主治溃烂的痈肿，排出脓血；子汁：治疗口渴。生长在河流湖泊中。
《名医别录》记载：生长在琅邪地区。
考证：《说文解字》说：柳，是小的杨树；柽，是河柳，即杨木。《尔雅》说：柽，就是河柳。郭璞说：现在河边生长的赤茎小杨树，又是旄泽柳。郭璞又说：生长在水泽中的，又是杨，即蒲柳。郭璞说：可以用来做箭，《左传》中所说的董泽之蒲。《毛诗》说：不要折断我的杞树。《传》注说：杞，是树木名称。陆玑说：杞，属于柳类。
楝实：味苦，性寒。主治温病伤寒，高热烦躁狂乱，杀灭寄生虫、疥疮疡毒，通利小便水道。生长在山谷中。
《名医别录》记载：生长在荆山地区。
考证：《说文解字》说：楝，是树木名称。《中山经》说：它的果实像楝树果。郭璞说：楝，是树木名称。果实像手指头大小，白色且粘，可以用来洗衣服。《淮南子·时则训》说：七月，这种树是楝树。高诱注说：楝实，是凤凰所吃的食物，现在雒城旁边有楝树。果实，秋季成熟。
郁李仁：味酸，性平。主治大腹水肿，面目四肢浮肿，通利小便水道。根：主治牙龈肿痛，龋齿。又名爵李。生长在坚固牙齿的川谷中（注：此处原文“生坚齿川谷”疑为衍文或特定产地描述，按字面翻译）。
《吴普本草》说：郁李，又名雀李，又名车下李，又名棣（见《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》说：又名车下李，又名棣。生长在高山及丘陵上。五月、六月采集根部。
考证：《说文解字》说：棣，是白棣。《广雅》说：山李，雀其郁也（注：此处原文可能有误，通常指山李即郁李）。《尔雅》说：常棣，即棣。郭璞说：现在关西有棣树，果实像樱桃，可以吃。《毛诗》说：六月吃郁。《传》注说：郁，属于棣类。刘稹《毛诗·义问》说：常棣树，高五、六尺；果实大如李子，正红色，吃起来甜。又《诗经》说：常棣之花。《传》注说：常棣，就是棣。陆玑说：奥李，又名雀李，一曰李下李，所在山中都有。它的花，有的白有的红，六月中成熟较大，果实像李子，可以吃。沈括《补笔谈》说：晋宫阁铭记载：华十四株，李一侏（注：此处原文可能有缺漏或错简，按字面翻译）。
Liu Hua (Willow Flower): Bitter in taste, cold in nature. Primarily treats wind-water jaundice, facial heat, and dark complexion. Also known as Liu Xu (Willow Catkin). Leaves: Treat equine scabies and crusty wounds; Fruits: Treats suppurating carbuncles, expelling pus and blood; Seed juice: Treats thirst. Grows in rivers and lakes.
*Names of Famous Physicians* records: Grows in the Langya region.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Liu" is a small poplar; "Cheng" is river willow, i.e., poplar wood. *Erya* states: "Cheng" is river willow. Guo Pu states: The current red-stemmed small poplar growing by the river is also called Maoze Liu. Guo Pu further states: Those growing in marshes are also poplars, specifically Puliuh (Palm-like willow). Guo Pu states: It can be used for arrows, as referred to in *Zuo Zhuan* as "Pu of Dongze". *Mao Shi* states: "Do not break my Qi tree." The Commentary states: "Qi" is a tree name. Lu Ji states: "Qi" belongs to the willow family.
Lian Shi (Toona Fruit): Bitter in taste, cold in nature. Primarily treats warm diseases and cold damage, high fever with restlessness and mania, kills three types of parasites, treats scabies and sores, and promotes urination through the water passages. Grows in mountain valleys.
*Names of Famous Physicians* records: Grows in the Jing Mountain region.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Lian" is a tree name. *Zhongshan Jing* states: Its fruit resembles that of the Lian tree. Guo Pu states: "Lian" is a tree name. The fruit is finger-sized, white and sticky, and can be used for washing clothes. *Huainanzi · Shize Xun* states: In the seventh month, the tree is Lian. Gao You notes: "Lian shi" (Lian fruit) is food eaten by phoenixes; there are Lian trees beside Luocheng today. The fruits ripen in autumn.
Yuli Ren (Prunus japonica Seed): Sour in taste, neutral in nature. Primarily treats massive abdominal edema, edema of the face, eyes, and limbs, and promotes urination through the water passages. Roots: Treat swollen gums and dental caries. Also known as Jue Li. Grows in river valleys associated with strengthening teeth (Note: literal translation of specific phrasing).
*Wu Pu Bencao* states: Yuli is also known as Que Li, Che Xia Li, and Di (as cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Names of Famous Physicians* records: Also known as Che Xia Li and Di. Grows on high mountains and hills. The roots are harvested in May and June.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Di" is Bai Di. *Guangya* states: Shan Li, Que Qi Yu Ye (Note: textual ambiguity). *Erya* states: Chang Di is Di. Guo Pu states: There is a Di tree in Guanxi today, with fruits like cherries that are edible. *Mao Shi* states: "Eat Yu in the sixth month." The Commentary states: "Yu" belongs to the Di category. Liu Zhen's *Mao Shi · Yi Wen* states: The Chang Di tree is five or six chi tall; its fruit is as large as a plum, bright red, and sweet to eat. Furthermore, *Shi Jing* states: "The flower of Chang Di." The Commentary states: "Chang Di" is Di. Lu Ji states: Ao Li is also known as Que Li, or one says Li Xia Li, found in mountains everywhere. Its flowers are either white or red, ripening larger in mid-June; the fruit is like a plum and is edible. Shen Kuo's *Bu Bi Tan* states: The Jin Palace Pavilion Inscription records: Fourteen Hua plants, one Zhu Li.