味苦，温。主中风、伤寒、头痛、寒热，惊悸气，血痹死肌，去三虫。
《吴普》曰∶浓朴，神农、岐伯、雷公∶苦，无毒；李氏∶小温（《御览》引云∶一名
浓皮。生交址）。
《名医》曰∶一名浓皮，一名赤朴。其树名榛，其子名逐。生交址冤句。九月、
十月采皮，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶朴，木皮也，榛木也。《广雅》云∶重皮，浓朴也。《范子计然》云
∶浓朴，出宏农，按∶今俗以榛为亲，不知是浓朴。《说文》榛栗，字作亲。
味苦，微寒。主风寒湿痹，洗洗寒气，除热，目中青翳、白膜。久服，头不白、轻身。
生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶芩皮，一名秦皮。神农、雷公、黄帝、岐伯∶酸，无毒；李氏∶小，或生
冤句水边。二月、八月采（《御览》）。
《吴普》曰∶一名岑皮，一名石檀。生庐江及冤句。二月、八月采皮，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，青皮木，或作KT 。《淮南子·倜真训》云∶ 木，色青翳。高
诱
云∶ 木，苦历木也。生于山，剥取其皮，以水浸之，正青，用洗眼，愈人目中肤翳。据《
吴普》云∶岑皮，名秦皮，《本经》作秦皮者，后人以俗称改之，当为岑皮。
味辛，温。主风邪气，温中，除寒痹，坚齿发、明目。久服，轻身、好颜色、耐老、增
年、通神。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生太山及秦岭上，或琅邪。八月、九月采实。
案∶《说文》云∶菽，菽 ， 菽。菽 实裹如裘者，椒似茱萸，出《淮南》。《广雅
云∶ 椒，茱萸也。《北山经》
云∶
景山多秦椒。郭璞云∶子似椒而细叶草也。《尔雅》
云∶ ，大椒。郭璞云∶今椒树丛生实大者，名为 。又椒 ，丑 。郭璞云∶ 萸子聚成
房貌。今江示亦呼 KT ，似茱萸而小，赤色。《毛诗》云∶椒聊之实。《传》云∶椒聊，
椒
也。陆玑云∶椒树，似茱萸，有针刺，叶坚而滑泽，蜀人作茶，吴人作茗，皆合煮其叶以为
香。《范子计然》云∶秦椒，出天水陇西，细者，善。《淮南子·人间训》云∶申椒、杜
，美人之所怀服。旧作椒，非。据《山海经》有秦椒，生闻喜景山，则秦，非秦地之秦
也。
味酸，平。主心下邪气，寒热，温中，逐寒湿痹，去三虫。久服，轻身。一名蜀枣。生
山谷。
《吴普》曰∶山茱萸，一名魃实，一名鼠矢，一名鸡足。神农、黄帝、雷公、扁鹊∶酸，
无毒；岐伯∶辛；一经∶酸。或生冤句、琅邪，或东海承县。叶如梅，有刺毛，二月，花如
杏；四月，实如酸枣，赤；五月采实（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名鸡足，一名魃实，生汉中及琅邪、冤句、东海承县。九月、十月采实
，阴干。
【浓朴】
味苦，性温。主治中风、伤寒引起的头痛、寒热交替，以及惊悸气逆、血痹和肌肉坏死，能驱除体内的寄生虫。
《吴普》记载：浓朴，神农、岐伯、雷公认为其味苦，无毒；李氏认为其性小温（《太平御览》引用称：又名浓皮。产于交址）。
《名医别录》记载：又名浓皮，又名赤朴。这种树的名称是榛，它的果实名称是逐。产于交址冤句。九月、十月采集树皮，阴干。
按语：《说文解字》说：朴，是木皮；榛，是树木名。《广雅》说：重皮，即浓朴。《范子计然》说：浓朴，出产于宏农。考据：现在民间常把榛树误称为亲（此处指“椹”或相关音近字，原文作“亲”，结合下文“字作亲”推测为字形或通假问题，但依原文直译），不知道这就是浓朴。《说文解字》中“榛栗”的“榛”字写作“亲”。
【秦皮】
味苦，性微寒。主治风寒湿痹，身体感觉寒冷战栗，清除内热，治疗眼中青翳和白膜。长期服用，头发不会变白，身体轻盈。生长在川谷地带。
《吴普》记载：芩皮，又名秦皮。神农、雷公、黄帝、岐伯认为其味酸，无毒；李氏认为其性小，或者生长在水边冤句。二月、八月采集（《太平御览》引）。
《吴普》又记载：又名岑皮，又名石檀。生长在庐江及冤句。二月、八月采集树皮，阴干。
按语：《说文解字》说：[此处缺字，指秦皮之木]，是青皮木，有时写作KT。《淮南子·俶真训》说：[此木]，颜色青而有遮蔽感。高诱注释说：[此木]，是苦历木。生长在山中，剥取它的皮，用水浸泡，水呈正青色，用来洗眼，能治愈人眼中的肤翳。根据《吴普》记载：岑皮，名为秦皮，《本经》写作秦皮，是后人以俗称改写的，应当是岑皮。
【秦菽】
味辛，性温。主治风邪气，温暖中焦，去除寒痹，坚固牙齿头发，明目。长期服用，身体轻盈，面色红润，抗衰老，延年益寿，通达神明。生长在川谷地带。
《名医别录》记载：生长在太山及秦岭上，或者琅邪。八月、九月采集果实。
按语：《说文解字》说：菽，菽 [此处缺字]，菽 [此处缺字]。菽实包裹如裘皮者，椒类似茱萸，出自《淮南子》。《广雅》说：[此椒]，是茱萸。《北山经》说：景山多秦椒。郭璞注释说：果实像椒但叶子细且为草状。《尔雅》说：[此大椒]，是大椒。郭璞注释说：现在的椒树丛生、果实大的，名为[此字]。又椒[此字]，丑[此字]。郭璞注释说：[此字]萸子聚集成房舍般的模样。现在江浙一带也呼[此字]，类似茱萸而较小，红色。《毛诗》说：椒聊之实。《传》说：椒聊，是[此字]椒。陆玑注释说：椒树，类似茱萸，有针刺，叶子坚硬而光滑润泽，蜀人用来做茶，吴人用来做茗，都煮其叶作为香料。《范子计然》说：秦椒，出产于天水陇西，细小的为好。《淮南子·人间训》说：申椒、杜[此字]，是美人所怀念佩戴的。旧本作“椒”，不对。根据《山海经》有秦椒，生长在闻喜景山，那么“秦”不是指秦地的秦。
【蜀枣】
味酸，性平。主治心下邪气，寒热，温暖中焦，驱逐寒湿痹症，去除寄生虫。长期服用，身体轻盈。又名蜀枣。生长在山谷地带。
《吴普》记载：山茱萸，又名魃实，又名鼠矢，又名鸡足。神农、黄帝、雷公、扁鹊认为其味酸，无毒；岐伯认为其味辛；一经认为其味酸。或者生长在冤句、琅邪，或者东海承县。叶子像梅树，有刺毛，二月开花，花像杏花；四月结果，果实像酸枣，红色；五月采集果实（《太平御览》引）。
《名医别录》记载：又名鸡足，又名魃实，生长在汉中及琅邪、冤句、东海承县。九月、十月采集果实，阴干。
[Noupu (Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis)]
Bitter, warm. Mainly treats wind-stroke, cold damage with headache and alternating chills and fever, palpitations with qi rebellion, blood bi and necrotic muscle tissue, and expels three types of parasites.
Wu Pu records: Noupu. Shennong, Qibo, and Leigong considered it bitter and non-toxic; Li Shi considered it slightly warm (Taiping Yulan quotes: also called Nongpi. Grows in Jiaozhi).
Mingyi Bie Lu records: Also called Nongpi, also called Chi Pu. The tree is named Zhen, its fruit is named Zhu. Grows in Yuanju, Jiaozhi. Harvest the bark in September and October, dry in shade.
Note: Shuowen says: Pu means tree bark; Zhen is a type of tree. Guangya says: Chongpi is Noupu. Fanzi Jiran says: Noupu comes from Hongnong. Examination: Currently, people commonly mistake Zhen for Qin, not knowing this is Noupu. In Shuowen, the character for Zhen in "Zhen Li" is written as Qin.
[Qinpi (Cortex Fraxini)]
Bitter, slightly cold. Mainly treats wind-cold-dampness bi, feeling of chilling cold, clears heat, and treats green nebula and white membrane in the eyes. Long-term use prevents graying of hair and keeps the body light. Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu records: Qinpi, also called Qinpi. Shennong, Leigong, Huangdi, Qibo considered it sour and non-toxic; Li Shi considered it slightly so, or growing by the water in Yuanju. Harvest in February and August (Taiping Yulan).
Wu Pu further records: Also called Cenpi, also called Shitan. Grows in Lujiang and Yuanju. Harvest the bark in February and August, dry in shade.
Note: Shuowen says: [Character missing], Qingpi Mu (tree with blue-green bark), sometimes written as KT. Huainanzi · Chuzhen Xun says: [This tree], color is blue-green and obscuring. Gao You comments: [This tree] is Kuli Mu. It grows in mountains; peel its bark, soak it in water, the water turns bright blue, use it to wash eyes, curing eye skin nebula. According to Wu Pu: Cenpi is named Qinpi. Benjing writes Qinpi, which was changed by later generations using common names; it should be Cenpi.
[Qinshu (Fruits of Zanthoxylum/Berberis species)]
Pungent, warm. Mainly treats wind-evil qi, warms the middle, removes cold-bi, strengthens teeth and hair, brightens the eyes. Long-term use makes the body light, improves complexion, resists aging, extends life, and connects to spirit. Grows in river valleys.
Mingyi Bie Lu records: Grows on Mount Tai and the Qinling Mountains, or Langya. Harvest fruits in August and September.
Note: Shuowen says: Shu, Shu [missing characters]. Shu fruits wrapped like fur, pepper resembles Cornus officinalis, from Huainanzi. Guangya says: [This pepper] is Cornus officinalis. Beishan Jing says: Jing Mountain has much Qinjiao. Guo Pu comments: Fruits resemble pepper but leaves are fine and grass-like. Erya says: [This large pepper] is Da Jiao. Guo Pu comments: Current pepper trees that grow in clusters with large fruits are named [Character]. Also Pepper [Character], Chou [Character]. Guo Pu comments: [Character] Yu fruits gather like a house shape. Now Jiangsu/Zhejiang areas also call [Character], similar to Cornus officinalis but smaller, red color. Mao Shi says: Jiao Liao zhi shi. Zhuan says: Jiao Liao is [Character] Jiao. Lu Ji comments: Pepper tree, similar to Cornus officinalis, has thorns, leaves are hard and smooth/glossy, Shu people make tea from it, Wu people make Ming, both boil leaves for fragrance. Fanzi Jiran says: Qinjiao comes from Tianshui and Longxi, the finer ones are good. Huainanzi · Renjian Xun says: Shenjiao, Du [Character], are what beauties cherish and wear. Old text made "Jiao", incorrect. According to Shanhaijing, there is Qinjiao growing in Wenxi Jing Mountain, so "Qin" does not refer to the region of Qin.
[Shuzao (Cornus officinalis Fruit)]
Sour, neutral. Mainly treats evil qi under the heart, chills and fever, warms the middle, drives out cold-dampness bi, removes parasites. Long-term use makes the body light. Also called Shuzao. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu records: Shanzhuyu, also called Ba Shi, also called Shushi, also called Jizu. Shennong, Huangdi, Leigong, Bianque considered it sour and non-toxic; Qibo considered it pungent; Yi Jing considered it sour. Grows in Yuanju, Langya, or Donghai Cheng County. Leaves like plum, have prickly hairs, flowers in February like apricot blossoms; fruits in April like sour jujubes, red; harvest fruits in May (Taiping Yulan).
Mingyi Bie Lu records: Also called Jizu, also called Ba Shi, grows in Hanzhong, Langya, Yuanju, Donghai Cheng County. Harvest fruits in September and October, dry in shade.