味辛，温，主上气咳逆，结气，喉痹吐吸。利关节，补中益气。久服通神、轻身、不老。
生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生南海。
案∶《说文》云∶桂，江南木，百药之长， 桂也。《南山经》云∶招摇之山多桂；郭
璞云∶桂，叶似枇杷，长二尺余，广数寸，味辛，白花，丛生山峰，冬夏常青，间无杂木。
《尔雅》云∶ ，木桂。郭璞云∶今人呼桂皮浓者，为木桂，及单名桂者，是也。一名肉桂
，一名桂枝，一名桂心。
味辛，温。主百病，养精神，和颜色，为诸药先聘通使。久服，轻身、不老，面生光华，
媚好常如童子。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生交址桂林岩崖间，无骨，正圆如竹，立秋采。
案∶《楚词》云∶杂申椒与菌桂兮；王逸云∶ 、桂，皆香木。《列仙传》云∶范蠡好
服桂。
味苦，温。主疽，恶创，头疡，白秃，疥瘙风气。五脏，除热。久服，轻身、不老、延
年。一名松膏，一名松肪。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生太山。六月采。
案∶《说文》云∶松木也，或作窠。《范子计然》云∶松脂，出陇西，松胶者，善。
味苦，寒。主五内邪气热，止涎唾，补绝伤，五痔，火创，妇人乳瘕，子藏急痛。生平
泽。
《名医》曰∶生河南。
案∶《说文》云∶槐木也；《尔雅》云∶ ，槐，大叶而黑。郭璞云∶槐树叶大色黑者
，名为 。又守宫槐叶，昼聂宵炕。郭璞云∶槐叶，昼日聂合，而夜炕布者，名为守宫槐。
味苦，寒。主五内邪气，热中消渴，周痹。久服，坚筋骨、轻身、不老（《御览》作耐
老）。一名杞根，一名地骨，一名枸杞，一名地辅。生平泽。
《吴普》曰∶枸杞，一名枸己，一名羊乳（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名羊乳，一名却暑，一名仙人杖，一名西王母杖。生常山及诸邱陵阪岸
。冬采根，春、夏采叶，秋采茎、实，阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶继，枸杞也。杞，枸杞也。《广雅》云∶地筋，枸杞也。《尔雅》云
∶杞，枸 。郭璞云∶今枸杞也。《毛诗》云∶集子苞杞。《传》云∶杞，枸 也。陆玑云
∶苦杞秋熟，正赤，服之，轻身、益气。《列仙传》云∶陆通食橐卢木实；《抱朴子·仙药
篇》云∶象紫，一名托卢是也，或名仙人杖，或云西王母杖，或名天门精，或名却老，或名
地骨，或名枸杞也。
【牡桂】
味辛，性温。主治上气咳逆（肺气上逆引起的咳嗽气喘），结气（气机郁结），喉痹吐吸（咽喉阻塞，呼吸急促困难）。能通利关节，补益中气，益气力。长期服用可通神益智、身体轻盈、延缓衰老。
生长在山谷中。
《名医别录》记载：生长在南海地区。
考证：《说文解字》说：桂，是江南的树木，被称为百药之长，就是桂树。《南山经》说：招摇山上多生桂树；郭璞注释说：桂树的叶子像枇杷叶，长两尺多宽几寸，味道辛辣，开白花，丛生在山峰上，冬夏常青，中间没有杂木混杂。《尔雅》说：[原文缺字]，是木桂。郭璞注释说：现在人称呼桂皮厚的，叫木桂，以及单称桂的，就是这个。又名肉桂，又名桂枝，又名桂心。
【菌桂】
味辛，性温。主治各种疾病，调养精神，调和面色，作为诸药的先导和通使。长期服用，可使身体轻盈、延缓衰老，面部产生光泽，美丽好看常如童子一般。生长在山谷中。
《名医别录》记载：生长在交趾桂林的岩崖之间，没有骨头，形状正圆像竹子，立秋时采收。
考证：《楚辞》说：混合申椒与菌桂啊；王逸注释说：[原文缺字]、桂，都是香木。《列仙传》说：范蠡喜欢服用桂。
【松脂】
味苦，性温。主治痈疽，恶疮，头疡，白秃（头皮癣），疥瘙风气（疥疮瘙痒受风邪）。入五脏，清除内热。长期服用，可使身体轻盈、延缓衰老、延长寿命。又名松膏，又名松肪。生长在山谷中。
《名医别录》记载：生长在泰山。六月采收。
考证：《说文解字》说：松木也，或者写作“窠”。《范子计然》说：松脂，出产于陇西，松胶质的，品质好。
【槐实】
味苦，性寒。主治五脏中的邪气热，止住涎唾，补益绝伤（严重的创伤或虚损），治疗五痔（五种痔疮），火创（火烧烫伤），妇人乳瘕（乳房肿块），子宫急痛。生长在平原沼泽地带。
《名医别录》记载：生长在河南。
考证：《说文解字》说：槐木也；《尔雅》说：[原文缺字]，是槐树，叶子大且颜色黑。郭璞注释说：槐树叶大色黑的，名叫[原文缺字]。又有守宫槐，叶子白天合拢晚上展开。郭璞注释说：槐叶，白天合拢，晚上展开的，名叫守宫槐。
【枸杞】
味苦，性寒。主治五脏邪气，热中消渴（体内有热导致的口渴多饮），周痹（全身性痹症）。长期服用，能坚固筋骨、身体轻盈、延缓衰老（《太平御览》作“耐老”）。又名杞根，又名地骨，又名枸杞，又名地辅。生长在平原沼泽地带。
《吴普》记载：枸杞，又名枸己，又名羊乳（《太平御览》引）。
《名医别录》记载：又名羊乳，又名却暑，又名仙人杖，又名西王母杖。生长在常山及各处丘陵坡岸。冬季采收根部，春季、夏季采收叶子，秋季采收茎和果实，阴干。
考证：《说文解字》说：继，是枸杞。杞，是枸杞。《广雅》说：地筋，是枸杞。《尔雅》说：杞，是枸[原文缺字]。郭璞注释说：现在的枸杞。《毛诗》说：集子苞杞。《传》注说：杞，是枸[原文缺字]。陆玑注释说：苦杞秋天成熟，颜色正红，服用它，可以身体轻盈、补气。《列仙传》说：陆通吃橐卢木的果实；《抱朴子·仙药篇》说：象紫，又名托卢，就是那个，或者名叫仙人杖，或者说是西王母杖，或者名叫天门精，或者名叫却老，或者名叫地骨，或者名叫枸杞。
[Mugui (Cinnamon Twig)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. It primarily treats shangqi ke ni (cough and wheezing due to rebellious Lung Qi), jie qi (stagnation of Qi), hou bi tu xi (obstruction of the throat with rapid breathing). It benefits the joints, tonifies the Middle Jiao, and augments Qi and strength. Long-term consumption promotes spiritual clarity, lightens the body, and delays aging.
Grows in mountain valleys.
*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Grows in the Nanhai region.
*Textual Research*: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Gui is a tree of Jiangnan, called the chief of all medicines; it is the Cinnamon tree. *Nanshan Jing* states: Zhaoyao Mountain has many cinnamon trees; Guo Pu comments: The leaves of the cinnamon tree resemble those of the loquat, over two chi long and several cun wide, pungent in taste, with white flowers, growing in clusters on peaks, evergreen in winter and summer, without mixed trees among them. *Erya* states: [Character missing], is Mu Gui (Tree Cinnamon). Guo Pu comments: People today call the thick-barked cinnamon "Mu Gui," and simply "Gui" refers to this. Also known as Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi), also known as Guizhi (Ramulus Cinnamomi), also known as Guixin (Cortex Cinnamomi Interior).
[Jungui (Cinnamon Bark)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. It treats various diseases, nourishes the spirit, harmonizes the complexion, and acts as a pioneer and messenger for other herbs. Long-term consumption lightens the body, delays aging, gives the face a radiant glow, and keeps one looking beautiful and youthful like a child.
Grows in mountain valleys.
*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Grows in the rocky cliffs of Guilin, Jiaozhi; it has no woody core, is perfectly round like bamboo, and is harvested at Start of Autumn.
*Textual Research*: *Chu Ci* states: Mixing Shenjiao with Jungui; Wang Yi comments: [Character missing] and Gui are both aromatic woods. *Liexian Zhuan* states: Fan Li liked to consume Cinnamon.
[Songzhi (Pinus Resin)]
Bitter in flavor, warm in nature. It treats ju (carbuncles), e chuang (malignant sores), tou yang (scalp ulcers), bai tu (white alopecia/capitis), and jie sao feng qi (pruritus and wind-pathogen). It enters the Five Zang Organs and clears internal heat. Long-term consumption lightens the body, delays aging, and extends lifespan. Also known as Songgao, also known as Songfang.
Grows in mountain valleys.
*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Grows in Mount Tai. Harvested in June.
*Textual Research*: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: It is Pine wood, or written as "Ke". *Fanzi Jiran* states: Pinus resin comes from Longxi; the pine gum type is of superior quality.
[Huaishi (Fructus Sophorae)]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. It treats internal pathogenic heat in the Five Zang Organs, stops saliva and sputum, repairs severe injuries, treats wu zhi (five types of hemorrhoids), huo chuang (burns/scalds), fu ren ru jia (breast masses in women), and zi zang ji tong (acute pain of the uterus). Grows in plains and marshes.
*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Grows in Henan.
*Textual Research*: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Huai is a tree; *Erya* states: [Character missing], is Huai, with large black leaves. Guo Pu comments: Huai trees with large, dark leaves are named [Character missing]. There is also Shou Gong Huai, whose leaves fold by day and spread by night. Guo Pu comments: Huai leaves that fold during the day and spread at night are named Shou Gong Huai.
[Gouqi (Fructus Lycii)]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. It treats pathogenic factors in the Five Zang Organs, re-middle xiao ke (internal heat causing thirst and polydipsia), and zhou bi (generalized bi-syndrome). Long-term consumption strengthens tendons and bones, lightens the body, and delays aging (*Taiping Yulan* reads "nai lao" - resistant to aging). Also known as Qigen, also known as Digux, also known as Gouqi, also known as Difufu. Grows in plains and marshes.
*Wu Pu* states: Gouqi is also known as Gouji, also known as Yangru (*Taiping Yulan*).
*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Also known as Yangru, also known as Queshu, also known as Xianren Zhang, also known as Xiwangmu Zhang. Grows in Changshan and various hillsides and banks. Roots are harvested in winter, leaves in spring and summer, stems and fruits in autumn, and dried in the shade.
*Textual Research*: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Ji is Gouqi. Qi is Gouqi. *Guangya* states: Dijin is Gouqi. *Erya* states: Qi is Gou[Character missing]. Guo Pu comments: This is the current Gouqi. *Mao Shi* states: Gathering the buds of Qi. The Commentary states: Qi is Gou[Character missing]. Lu Ji comments: Kuqi ripens in autumn, is bright red, and consuming it lightens the body and boosts Qi. *Liexian Zhuan* states: Lu Tong ate the fruit of the Tuolu tree; *Baopuzi · Chapter on Immortal Drugs* states: Xiangzi, also known as Tuoluo, is that one; it is sometimes named Xianren Zhang, or said to be Xiwangmu Zhang, or named Tianmen Jing, or named Quelao, or named Digux, or named Gouqi.