味咸，寒。主明目，益气，起阴，去恶血注下，辟蛊毒恶鬼不祥，安心气，常不大厌寐。
生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生石城及华阴山，采无时。
案∶《说文》云∶羚，大羊而细角。《广雅》云∶美皮，冷角。《尔雅》云；弘，大羊
。郭璞云∶羚羊，似羊而大，角园锐，好在山崖间。陶弘景云∶《尔雅》名 羊。据《说
文》云∶苋，山羊细角也。《尔雅》云∶ ，如羊。郭璞云∶ ，似吴羊而大角。角椭，出
西方。苋，即 正字。然《本经》羚字，实羚字俗写，当以羚为是。《尔雅》释文引本草
，作羚。
味苦，寒。主百毒虫注，邪鬼、障气，杀钩吻、鸩羽、蛇毒，除不迷或厌寐。久服轻血。
生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生永昌及益州。
案∶《说文》云∶犀，南徼外牛，一角在鼻，一角在顶，似豕。《尔雅》云∶犀，似
豕。郭璞云∶形似水牛，猪头大腹；痹脚，脚有三蹄，黑色；三角，一在顶上，一在鼻上，
一在额上。鼻上者，即食角也。小而不椭，好食棘。亦有一角者。《山海经》云∶琴鼓之山，
多白犀。郭璞云∶此与辟寒、蠲忿、辟尘、辟暑诸犀，皆异种也。《范子计然》云∶犀角，
出南郡，上价八千，中三千，下一千。
上兽，中品七种。旧同。
味辛，平。主蛊毒鬼注，逐不祥邪气，破五癃，利小便。生平谷。
《名医》曰∶生高山。
案∶《说文》云∶燕，元鸟也。尔口，布翅，枝尾，象形。作巢，避戊己，乙元鸟也。
齐鲁谓之乙，取其名自呼，象形。或作乱。《尔雅》云∶燕乱。《夏小正》云∶二月来降，
燕乃睇。《传》云∶燕，乙也，九月陟元鸟，蛰。《传》云∶元鸟者，燕也。
【羚羊角】
味咸，性寒。主治明目，益气，起阴（提升阳气），去除恶血下注，辟除蛊毒、恶鬼及不祥之气，安定心气，使人常不嗜睡。
生长于山川河谷之中。
《名医别录》记载：产于石城和华阴山，采集没有固定时间。
考证：《说文解字》说：羚，是大羊而长细角。《广雅》说：皮美，角冷。《尔雅》说：弘，是大羊。郭璞注释说：羚羊，像羊但体型大，角圆而尖锐，喜欢在山崖间活动。陶弘景说：《尔雅》中称为羱羊。根据《说文解字》说：苋，是山羊细角。《尔雅》说：羱，像羊。郭璞注释说：羱，像吴地羊但角大。角呈椭圆形，出产于西方。“苋”即是“羱”的正字。然而《神农本草经》中的“羚”字，实际上是“羱”字的俗写，应当以“羱”为正确写法。《尔雅》释文引用本草时，写作“羚”。
【犀角】
味苦，性寒。主治各种毒虫叮咬，邪鬼、障气，杀死钩吻、鸩羽、蛇毒，消除不迷乱或嗜睡的症状。长期服用可使血脉轻利。
生长于山谷之中。
《名医别录》记载：产于永昌和益州。
考证：《说文解字》说：犀，是南疆之外的牛，一只角在鼻上，一只角在头顶，像猪。《尔雅》说：犀，像猪。郭璞注释说：形状像水牛，猪头大腹；腿痹瘦，脚有三蹄，黑色；三只角，一在顶上，一在鼻上，一在额上。鼻上的那只，就是食用角。角小而不椭圆，喜欢吃棘刺植物。也有一角的品种。《山海经》说：琴鼓之山，多白犀。郭璞注释说：这与辟寒、蠲忿、辟尘、辟暑等犀牛，都是不同的种类。《范子计然》说：犀角，出产于南郡，上等价格八千，中等三千，下一千。
列为上兽类，中品七种之一。旧本归类相同。
【燕屎】
味辛，性平。主治蛊毒鬼注，驱逐不祥邪气，破除五种癃闭，通利小便。生长于平原山谷。
《名医别录》记载：产于高山。
考证：《说文解字》说：燕，是玄鸟。口部张开，展开翅膀，分叉的尾巴，是象形字。筑巢，避开戊己日，乙日是玄鸟。齐鲁地区称之为乙，取自燕子自呼其名之意，是象形字。或者写作“乱”。《尔雅》说：燕即乱。《夏小正》说：二月飞来降落，燕子开始注视。《传》说：燕，即乙，九月登高进入玄鸟状态，冬眠。《传》说：玄鸟，就是燕子。
[Antelope Horn]
Salty in flavor, cold in nature. It primarily benefits vision, tonifies Qi, raises Yin (raises Yang energy), eliminates downward flow of evil blood, wards off gu poison, malevolent spirits, and inauspicious qi, calms the Heart Qi, and prevents excessive sleepiness.
Grows in rivers and valleys.
*Famous Physicians' Records* states: Grows in Shicheng and Huayin Mountain; can be harvested at any time.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Ling is a large sheep with fine horns. *Guangya* states: Beautiful skin, cold horns. *Erya* states: Hong is a large sheep. Guo Pu comments: Antelope resembles a sheep but is larger, with round and sharp horns, preferring to inhabit mountain cliffs. Tao Hongjing states: *Erya* calls it Yuan sheep. According to *Shuowen Jiezi*: Xian is a small-horned goat. *Erya* states: Yuan resembles a sheep. Guo Pu comments: Yuan resembles Wu sheep but with large horns. The horn is oval-shaped and originates from the West. "Xian" is the correct character for "Yuan". However, the character "Ling" in *Shennong Bencao Jing* is actually a vulgar variant of "Yuan", so "Yuan" should be considered correct. The commentary on *Erya* citing Bencao writes it as "Ling".
[Rhino Horn]
Bitter in flavor, cold in nature. It primarily treats various poisonous insect bites, evil ghosts, and obstructive qi; kills Gouwen (poisonous plant), Zhen feather (poisonous bird), and snake venom; removes confusion or lethargy. Long-term consumption lightens the blood.
Grows in mountains and valleys.
*Famous Physicians' Records* states: Grows in Yongchang and Yizhou.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Xi is an ox from beyond the southern borders, with one horn on the nose and one on the crown, resembling a pig. *Erya* states: Xi resembles a pig. Guo Pu comments: Shape resembles a water buffalo, with a pig-like head, large belly, stiff legs, three-toed feet, black color; has three horns, one on the crown, one on the nose, one on the forehead. The one on the nose is the edible horn. Small and not oval, prefers eating thorny plants. There are also single-horned varieties. *Classic of Mountains and Seas* states: Qingu Mountain has many white rhinos. Guo Pu comments: These differ from Bihan, Juanfen, Bidust, Bishe rhinos, being distinct species. *Fanzi Jiran* states: Rhino horn originates from Nanjun; top grade 8000, middle 3000, bottom 1000.
Listed as superior beast, one of seven in the Middle Category. Old classification remains the same.
[Bird Droppings]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats gu poison and ghost-related ailments, drives away inauspicious and evil qi, breaks five types of strangury, promotes urination. Grows in plains and valleys.
*Famous Physicians' Records* states: Grows in high mountains.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Yan is the dark bird. Mouth open, wings spread, forked tail, depicting form. Builds nests, avoids Wu and Ji days; Yi day is the dark bird. Known as Yi in Qi and Lu, taking its name from self-calling, depicting form. Alternatively written as Luan. *Erya* states: Yan is Luan. *Xia Xiaozheng* states: In February they arrive and descend, the swallows begin to gaze. *Commentary* states: Yan is Yi; in September they ascend into the dark bird state and hibernate. *Commentary* states: Dark bird is the swallow.