味苦，平，主久咳上气、喘逆，久寒，惊悸，痂疥、白秃、疡气，杀皮肤小虫。
《吴普》曰∶王刍，一名黄草。神农、雷公曰∶生太山山谷。治身热邪气，小儿身热气
（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶可以染黄，作金公，生青衣。九月、十月采。
案∶《说文》云∶荩草也。KT ，王刍也。《尔雅》云∶KT ，王刍。郭璞云∶KT ，
蓐也，今呼鸱脚莎。《毛诗》云∶绿竹猗猗。《传》云∶KT ，王刍也。《唐本》注云∶荩草，
俗名KT 蓐草，《尔雅》所谓王刍。
味甘，微寒。主身皮创热气，可作浴汤，杀牛虱小虫，又疗牛病。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶生桂阳。
案∶陶弘景云∶太常贮，名扁特，或名扁毒。
味苦，辛，主寒热、瘰 、鼠 、头创，破症，散瘿、结气，脚肿，湿痹。轻身。一名
夕句，一名乃东。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名燕面。生蜀郡。四月采。
味辛，温。主咳逆上气，喉鸣、喘，咽肿、短气，蛊毒、鬼疟，疝瘕、痈肿，杀虫鱼。
一名去水。生川谷（旧
《吴普》曰∶芫花，一名去水，一名败花，一名儿草根，一名黄大戟。神农、黄
帝∶有毒；扁鹊、岐伯∶苦；李氏∶大寒。二月生，叶青，加浓则黑。华有紫、赤、白者。
三月实落尽，叶乃生。三月、五月采花。芫花根，一名赤芫根。神农、雷公∶苦，有毒。生
邯郸，九月、八月采，阴干。久服，令人泄。可用毒鱼（《御览》，亦见《图经》节文）。
《名医》曰∶一名毒鱼，一名杜芫。其根，名蜀桑，可用毒鱼。生淮源。三月三日采药，
阴干。
案∶《说文》云∶芫，鱼毒也。《尔雅》云∶ ，鱼毒。郭璞云∶ ，大木。子，似栗
，生南方，皮浓，汁赤，中藏卵果。《范子计然》云∶芫花，出三辅。《史记·仓公传》∶
临淄女子病蛲瘕，饮以芫花一撮，出蛲可数升，病已。颜师古注《急就篇》云∶郭景纯说，
误耳。其生南方，用藏卵果，自别一 木，乃左思所云绵 、 栌者耳，非毒鱼之 。
上草，下品四十九种。旧四十八种，考木部芫华宜入此。
【荩草】
味道苦，性平。主治久咳、气逆上冲、喘息气逆，以及长期的寒邪内盛，惊悸不安，痂疥（结痂的疥疮）、白秃（头皮生癣脱落毛发），疡气（疮疡之气），能杀死皮肤上的小虫。
《吴普》记载：王刍，又名黄草。神农和雷公说：生长在泰山山谷中。治疗身体发热邪气，小儿身体热气（出自《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：可以用来染黄色，制作金公（一种颜料或染料），生长时叶子呈青色。九月、十月采收。
考证：《说文解字》说：这是荩草。KT（此处原文为异体字或通假字，指代该植物），是王刍。《尔雅》说：KT，即王刍。郭璞注释说：KT，是蓐草，现在称为鸱脚莎。《毛诗》说：绿竹猗猗。《传》注说：KT，是王刍。《唐本注》说：荩草，俗名KT蓐草，就是《尔雅》所说的王刍。
【芫花】
味道甘，性微寒。主治身体皮肤创口的热邪，可以煮成浴汤使用，能杀死牛身上的虱子和小虫，又能治疗牛的疾病。生长在川谷地带。
《名医别录》记载：生长在桂阳。
考证：陶弘景说：太常寺储存的，名叫扁特，或者叫扁毒。
【另一味药（根据上下文及“一名乃东”推测为大戟或类似药物，但原文未直接给出主标题，仅描述性状）】
味道苦、辛。主治寒热往来、瘰疬（颈部淋巴结结核）、鼠瘘（淋巴结核溃破）、头部创口，破除癥积（腹内肿块），消散瘿瘤（甲状腺肿大）、结气（气机郁结）、脚部肿胀、湿痹（湿气阻滞经络引起的关节疼痛）。能使身体轻健。又名夕句，又名乃东。生长在川谷地带。
《名医别录》记载：又名燕面。生长在蜀郡。四月采收。
【芫花】
味道辛，性温。主治咳嗽气逆、喉间鸣响、喘息、咽喉肿痛、呼吸短促，蛊毒、鬼疟（恶性疟疾），疝气瘕块（腹部包块）、痈肿，杀虫鱼。又名去水。生长在川谷地带。（旧本）
《吴普》记载：芫花，又名去水，又名败花，又名儿草根，又名黄大戟。神农、黄帝认为：有毒；扁鹊、岐伯认为：味苦；李氏认为：大寒。二月生长，叶子青色，颜色加深则变黑。花朵有紫色、红色、白色。三月果实落尽后，叶子才长出。三月、五月采收花朵。芫花的根，又名赤芫根。神农、雷公认为：味苦，有毒。生长在邯郸，八月、九月采收，阴干。长期服用，会导致腹泻。可用于毒杀鱼类（出自《太平御览》，也见于《图经》节选）。
《名医别录》记载：又名毒鱼，又名杜芫。其根部，名叫蜀桑，可用于毒杀鱼类。生长在淮源。三月三日采收药材，阴干。
考证：《说文解字》说：芫，是鱼毒。《尔雅》说：[某字]，是鱼毒。郭璞注释说：[某字]，是大木。种子像栗子，生长在南方，皮厚，汁液红色，中间藏着卵状果实。《范子计然》说：芫花，出产于三辅地区。《史记·仓公传》记载：临淄有个女子患蛲瘕病，喝下一撮芫花，排出蛲虫可达数升，病就好了。颜师古注释《急就篇》说：郭景纯的说法是错误的。那种生长在南方、用来藏卵果的树，是另一种树木，就是左思所说的绵[某字]、栌树罢了，不是用来毒鱼的[某字]。
以上是草部下品四十九种。原有四十八种，考证认为木部的芫华应当归入此类。
[Jin Cao (Arthratherum japonicum)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Chronic cough with Qi rebellion, wheezing and counterflow of Qi, chronic cold pathogen, palpitations due to fright, scabies with crusts, alopecia areata (white baldness), sores and Qi stagnation related to ulcers. Kills small insects on the skin.
Wu Pu states: Wang Chu, also known as Huang Cao. Shennong and Leigong state: Grows in the valleys of Mount Tai. Treats heat evil causing body fever and pediatric heat qi (cited from *Taiping Yulan*).
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Can be used for dyeing yellow, making "Jin Gong" (a pigment/dye), leaves are green when growing. Harvested in September and October.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* says: This is Jin Cao. [Character], Wang Chu. *Erya* says: [Character], Wang Chu. Guo Pu comments: [Character], Ru Cao, now called Chijiao Sha. *Mao Shi* says: Green bamboos are luxuriant. The Commentary says: [Character], Wang Chu. *Tang Ben Zhu* says: Jin Cao, commonly known as [Character] Ru Cao, which is what *Erya* calls Wang Chu.
[Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flos) - First Entry/Variant Description]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Slightly Cold. Indications: Heat qi in skin lesions, can be made into a bath decoction, kills lice and small insects on cattle, also treats bovine diseases. Grows in river valleys.
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Grows in Guiyang.
Note: Tao Hongjing says: Stored by the Taichang Temple, named Bian Te, or Bian Du.
[Unnamed Herb in Text / Likely Da Ji based on "Nai Dong"]
Taste: Bitter, Pungent. Indications: Alternating chills and fever, scrofula (luoli), rat fistula (shulou), head wounds, breaks up masses (zheng), dissipates goiter (ying), stagnant Qi, leg edema, damp-bi syndrome. Lightens the body. Also known as Xiju, also known as Nai Dong. Grows in river valleys.
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Also known as Yanmian. Grows in Shujun. Harvested in April.
[Yuan Hua (Genkwa Flos)]
Taste: Pungent. Nature: Warm. Indications: Cough with counterflow of Qi, laryngeal rattle, asthma, sore throat, shortness of breath, gu poison, ghost malaria (severe malaria), hernia and jia masses (abdominal tumors), carbuncles and swellings, kills fish. Also known as Qushui. Grows in river valleys. (Old edition)
Wu Pu states: Yuan Hua, also known as Qushui, Baiehua, Ergencao, Huang Daji. Shennong and Huangdi: Toxic; Bianque and Qibo: Bitter; Li Shi: Greatly Cold. Sprouts in February, leaves are green, turning black if color deepens. Flowers are purple, red, or white. In March, fruits fall off completely, then leaves emerge. Harvest flowers in March and May. Root of Yuan Hua, also known as Chi Yuan Gen. Shennong and Leigong: Bitter, toxic. Grows in Handan, harvested in August and September, dried in shade. Long-term use causes diarrhea. Can be used to poison fish (*Taiping Yulan*, also seen in *Tu Jing* excerpts).
*Mingyi Bielu* states: Also known as Duyu, Du Yuan. Its root is named Shu Sang, can be used to poison fish. Grows in Huaiyuan. Harvest herbs on the third day of the third lunar month, dry in shade.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* says: Yuan, fish poison. *Erya* says: [Character], fish poison. Guo Pu comments: [Character], large tree. Seeds resemble chestnuts, grow in the south, thick skin, red juice, containing egg-like fruits inside. *Fanzi Jiran* says: Yuan Hua originates from Sanfu area. *Records of the Grand Historian · Biography of Cang Gong*: A woman from Linzi suffered from pinworm mass, drank a pinch of Yuan Hua, expelled several sheng of pinworms, and was cured. Yan Shigu annotates *Jijiu Pian*: Guo Jingchun's explanation is erroneous. That which grows in the south and stores egg-like fruits is a different tree, namely the Mian [Character] and Lu mentioned by Zuo Si, not the [Character] used to poison fish.
Above are 49 species of lower-grade herbs. Originally 48 species; upon examination, Yuan Hua from the Wood category should be included here.