味咸，寒。主产难，出肉中刺（《御览》作刺在肉中），溃痈肿，下哽噎（《御览》作咽），
解毒，除恶创。一名蟪蛄（《御览》作蟪蛄），一名天蝼
《名医》曰∶生东城。夏至取，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶蠹，蝼蛄也；蝼，蝼蛄也；蛄，蝼蛄也。《广雅》云∶炙鼠、津姑、蝼
蜮、蟓蛉、蛞蝼，蝼蛄也。《夏小正》云∶三月， 则鸣。KT ，天蝼也。《尔雅》云∶ ，
天蝼。郭璞云∶蝼蛄也。《淮南子·时则训》云∶孟夏之月，蝼蝈鸣。高诱云∶蝼，蝼蛄也。
《方言》云∶蛄诣，谓之杜格；蝼蛞，谓之蝼蛞，或谓之蟓蛉。南楚谓之杜狗，或谓之 蝼。
陆玑《诗疏》云∶《本草》又谓蝼蛄为石鼠，今无文。
味辛，温。主腹中大坚症，破积聚、息肉、恶创、白秃。一名百足。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶一名马轴（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名马轴。生元菟。
案∶《说文》云∶蠲，马蠲民。从虫、皿，益声； ，象形。明堂《月令》曰∶腐草为
蠲。《广雅》云∶蛆 ，马 ，马 也。又马践，蛆也。《尔雅》云∶ ，马践。郭璞云∶马
蠲匀，俗呼马 。《淮南子·时则训》云∶季夏之日，腐草化为。 。高诱云∶ ，马 也。
幽冀谓之秦渠。又《汜论训》云∶ ，足众，而走不若蛇。已《兵略训》云∶若研之足。高
诱云∶ ，马 也。《方言》云∶马 ，北燕谓之蛆渠。其大者，谓之马蚰。《博物志》云∶
马，一名百足，中断成两段，各行而去。
味咸，性寒。主治难产，能取出肉中的刺（《太平御览》记载为“刺在肉中”），溃破痈肿，缓解哽噎（《太平御览》记载为“咽”），解毒，治疗恶性的疮疡。又名蟪蛄（《太平御览》记载为“蟪蛄”），又名天蝼。
《名医别录》记载：产于东城。夏至日采集，晒干。
按语：《说文解字》说：蠹，就是蝼蛄；蝼，就是蝼蛄；蛄，就是蝼蛄。《广雅》说：炙鼠、津姑、蝼蜮、蟓蛉、蛞蝼，都是蝼蛄。《夏小正》说：三月，蝼蛄就鸣叫。KT，是天蝼。《尔雅》说：[缺字]，是天蝼。郭璞注释说：就是蝼蛄。《淮南子·时则训》说：孟夏之月，蝼蝈鸣叫。高诱注释说：蝼，就是蝼蛄。《方言》说：蛄诣，叫做杜格；蝼蛞，叫做蝼蛞，或者叫做蟓蛉。南楚地区叫做杜狗，或者叫做[缺字]蝼。陆玑《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》说：《本草》又称蝼蛄为石鼠，如今没有相关文字记载。
味辛，性温。主治腹中坚硬的积块，破除积聚、息肉、恶性疮疡、白秃（头皮生癣）。又名百足。生长在川谷之中。
《吴普本草》说：又名马轴（《太平御览》引用）。
《名医别录》说：又名马轴。产于元菟。
按语：《说文解字》说：蠲，马蠲民。从虫、皿，益声；[缺字]，象形。明堂《月令》说：腐草化为蠲。《广雅》说：蛆[缺字]，马[缺字]，马[缺字]也。又是马践，即蛆也。《尔雅》说：[缺字]，马践。郭璞注释说：马蠲匀，俗呼马[缺字]。《淮南子·时则训》说：季夏之日，腐草化为[缺字]。高诱注释说：[缺字]，是马[缺字]。幽冀地区叫做秦渠。又《汜论训》说：[缺字]，足众，而走不若蛇。已《兵略训》说：若研之足。高诱注释说：[缺字]，是马[缺字]也。《方言》说：马[缺字]，北燕地区叫做蛆渠。其中大的，叫做马蚰。《博物志》说：马，又名百足，中断成两段，各自爬行离去。
Salty, cold. Primarily treats difficult labor, extracts thorns from flesh (recorded in *Taiping Yulan* as "thorn in the flesh"), disperses abscesses and swellings, relieves dysphagia/choking (recorded in *Taiping Yulan* as "throat"), detoxifies, and treats malignant ulcers. Also known as Huigu (Cicada), also known as Tianlou.
*Naming of Famous Physicians* records: Grows in Dongcheng. Harvested at the Summer Solstice, dried in the sun.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Du is Lougu; Lou is Lougu; Gu is Lougu. *Guaya* states: Zhishu, Jinggu, Louyu, Xiangling, Kelou are all Lougu. *Xiaoxiaozheng* states: In the third month, [Lougu] sings. KT is Tianlou. *Erya* states: [Missing character] is Tianlou. Guo Pu comments: It is Lougu. *Huainanzi · Shize Xun* states: In the first month of early summer, Louguo sings. Gao You comments: Lou is Lougu. *Fangyan* states: Guyi is called Duge; Louku is called Louku, or Xiangling. In southern Chu, it is called Dogou, or [Missing character] Lou. Lu Ji's *Mao Shi Caomu Niao Shou Chong Yu Shu* states: *Bencao* also refers to Lougu as Shishu, but there is no text for this now.
Pungent, warm. Primarily treats large, hard masses in the abdomen, breaks up accumulations, polyps, malignant ulcers, and baldness of the scalp (Baitu). Also known as Baizu. Grows in rivers and valleys.
Wu Pu states: Also known as Mazhou (*Taiping Yulan*).
*Naming of Famous Physicians* states: Also known as Mazhou. Grows in Yuantu.
Note: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Juan, Ma Juan Min. Radical insect, radical dish, phonetic Yi; [Missing character], pictographic. Mingtang *Yueling* states: Rotten grass transforms into Juan. *Guaya* states: Qu [Missing character], Ma [Missing character], Ma [Missing character]. Also Majian, which is Qu. *Erya* states: [Missing character], Majian. Guo Pu comments: Ma Juanyun, commonly called Ma [Missing character]. *Huainanzi · Shize Xun* states: On days of late summer, rotten grass transforms into [Missing character]. Gao You comments: [Missing character] is Ma [Missing character]. Youji calls it Qinqu. Also *Fanlun Xun* states: [Missing character], many feet, but cannot run as fast as a snake. Yi *Binglue Xun* states: If its feet are ground. Gao You comments: [Missing character] is Ma [Missing character]. *Fangyan* states: Ma [Missing character], Beiyang calls it Ququ. The larger ones are called Mayou. *Bowuzhi* states: Ma, also known as Baizu, if cut in two, each half crawls away separately.