味辛，温。主杀鬼精物、蛊毒恶气。久服，益气力，长阴、肥健，轻身、增年。一名离
母，一名鬼督邮。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶换督邮，一名神草，一名阎狗。或生太山，或少室。茎、箭赤，无叶，根
如芋子。三月、四月、八月采根，日干。治痈肿（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生陈仓雍州，及太山少室，三月、四月、八月采根，曝干。
案∶《抱朴子》云∶按∶仙方中，有合离草，一名独摇，一名离母，所以谓之合离、离
母者，此草为物，下根如芋魁，有游子十二枚周环之，去大魁数尺，虽相须，而实不相连，
但以气相属耳，别说云∶今医家见用天麻，即是此赤箭根。
（旧作庵闾，《御览》作奄闾，是）
味苦，微寒。主五脏瘀血，腹中水气，胪张留热，风寒湿痹，身体诸痛。久服，轻身、
延年、不老。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶奄闾，神农、雷公、桐君、岐伯∶苦，小温，无毒；李氏∶温，或生上
党，叶青浓两相当，七月，花曰；九月，实黑，七月、九月、十月采，驴马食，仙去（《御
览》）。
《名医》曰∶ 食之，神仙。生雍州，变生上党及道边，十月采根，阴干。
案∶《司马相如赋》有奄闾，张揖云∶奄闾，蒿也。子可治疾。
味辛，微温。主明目，目痛泪出，除痹，补五脏，益精光。久服，轻身，不老。一名蔑
析，一名大蕺，一名马辛。生川泽及道旁。
《吴普》曰∶析 ，一名析目，一名荣冥，一名马 。雷公、神农、扁鹊∶辛；李氏∶
小温，四月采干。二十日，生道旁。得细辛，良。畏干姜、苦参、荠实，神农∶无毒。生野
田，五月五日采，阴干。治腹胀（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名大荠，生咸阳。四月、五月采，曝干。
案∶《说文》云∶ ，析 ，大荠也；《广雅》云∶析 ，马辛也，《尔雅》云∶析 、
大荠。郭璞云∶荠，叶细，俗呼之曰老荠。旧作菥，非。
赤箭（天麻）
味辛，性温。主治驱除鬼魅精怪、蛊毒及恶气。长期服用，能益气力，促进阴部生长、身体肥壮健康，使身体轻盈、延年益寿。又名离母，又名鬼督邮。生长在川谷之中。
《吴普》记载：换督邮，又名神草，又名阎狗。有的生长在太山，有的生长少室。茎和箭杆呈红色，没有叶子，根部像芋头块茎。三月、四月、八月采集根部，晒干治疗痈肿。
《名医别录》记载：生长在陈仓雍州，以及太山少室，三月、四月、八月采集根部，晒干。
按语：《抱朴子》说：在仙方中，有合离草，又名独摇，又名离母。之所以称为合离、离母，是因为这种植物，下部根茎像芋头魁，周围环绕着十二枚小根（游子），距离大根数尺，虽然相互依存，但实际上并不相连，只是气息相连接罢了。另外说：现在医家所用的天麻，就是这种赤箭的根。
奄闾子
味苦，微寒。主治五脏瘀血，腹中水气，腹部胀满留热，风寒湿痹，身体各种疼痛。长期服用，能使身体轻盈、延年益寿、不老。生长在川谷之中。
《吴普》记载：奄闾，神农、雷公、桐君、岐伯认为：味苦，性小温，无毒；李氏认为：性温。有的生长在上党，叶子青绿浓密且大小相当，七月开花；九月果实变黑，七月、九月、十月采集，驴马食用后成仙离去（《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：食用它，可以成仙。生长在雍州，变化生长于上党及路边，十月采集根部，阴干。
按语：《司马相如赋》中有奄闾，张揖说：奄闾，是蒿类植物。种子可以治病。
析子
味辛，微温。主治明目，眼痛流泪，祛除痹症，补益五脏，增加精气光泽。长期服用，能使身体轻盈，不老。又名蔑析，又名大蕺，又名马辛。生长在川泽及路边。
《吴普》记载：析，又名析目，又名荣冥，又名马。雷公、神农、扁鹊认为：味辛；李氏认为：性小温，四月采集晒干。二十日，生长在路边。如果得到细辛，效果良好。畏忌干姜、苦参、荠实，神农认为：无毒。生长在野田，五月五日采集，阴干。治疗腹胀（《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：又名大荠，生长在咸阳。四月、五月采集，晒干。
按语：《说文解字》说：析，是大荠；《广雅》说：析，是马辛，《尔雅》说：析、大荠。郭璞说：荠，叶子细长，俗呼为老荠。旧本作菥，不正确。
Chi Jian (Tianma, Gastrodia Rhizome)
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats the expulsion of demonic spirits, gu poison, and malignant qi. Long-term consumption boosts vital energy, promotes genital growth, enhances physical robustness and health, lightens the body, and extends lifespan. Also known as Li Mu (Separating Mother), also known as Gui Du You (Ghost Supervisor). Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu records: Huan Du You, also known as Shen Cao (Divine Grass), also known as Yan Gou. Some grow at Mount Tai, others at Mount Shaoshi. The stem and arrow-like structures are red, without leaves; the root resembles a taro tuber. Roots are harvested in March, April, and August, dried in the sun to treat carbuncles and swellings.
Famous Physicians' Records state: Grows in Chencang Yongzhou, as well as Mount Tai and Mount Shaoshi. Roots are harvested in March, April, and August, and sun-dried.
Commentary: Baopuzi states: In immortal prescriptions, there is He Li Cao (Union-Parting Grass), also known as Du Yao (Solely Shaking), also known as Li Mu. It is called He Li or Li Mu because this plant has a lower root tuber resembling a taro corm, surrounded by twelve smaller roots (youzi) at a distance of several feet from the main tuber. Although they depend on each other, they are not physically connected, but only linked by their qi. Another note says: The Tianma currently used by physicians is precisely the root of this Chi Jian.
Yan Lü Zi
Bitter in flavor, slightly cold in nature. Primarily treats blood stasis in the five zang organs, fluid accumulation in the abdomen, abdominal distension with retained heat, bi syndrome caused by wind-cold-dampness, and various pains in the body. Long-term consumption lightens the body, extends lifespan, and prevents aging. Grows in river valleys.
Wu Pu records: Yan Lü, according to Shennong, Leigong, Tongjun, and Qibo: Bitter, slightly warm, non-toxic; Li Shi considers it: Warm. Some grow in Shangdang, with thick green leaves of equal size; flowers appear in July; fruits turn black in September. Harvested in July, September, and October; donkeys and horses consume it and ascend to immortality (Taiping Yulan).
Famous Physicians' Records state: Consuming it leads to immortality. Grows in Yongzhou, changing to grow in Shangdang and by roadsides. Roots are harvested in October and dried in the shade.
Commentary: Sima Xiangru's Fu mentions Yan Lü. Zhang Yi states: Yan Lü is a type of mugwort. Its seeds can treat diseases.
Zhi Zi
Pungent in flavor, slightly warm in nature. Primarily improves vision, treats eye pain and tearing, dispels bi syndrome, tonifies the five zang organs, and benefits essence and brilliance. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging. Also known as Mie Xi, also known as Da Ji (Large Shepherd's Purse), also known as Ma Xin (Horse Pungency). Grows in river marshes and by roadsides.
Wu Pu records: Zhi, also known as Zhi Mu, also known as Rong Ming, also known as Ma. Leigong, Shennong, and Bianque consider it: Pungent; Li Shi considers it: Slightly warm, harvested and dried in April. Grows by roadsides within twenty days. If combined with Xixin (Asarum), the effect is excellent. Adverse reactions occur with Ganjiang (Dried Ginger), Kushen (Sophora Root), and Qishi (Shepherd's Purse Seed); Shennong considers it: Non-toxic. Grows in wild fields, harvested on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, and dried in the shade. Treats abdominal distension (Taiping Yulan).
Famous Physicians' Records state: Also known as Da Qi, grows in Xianyang. Harvested in April and May, and sun-dried.
Commentary: Shuowen Jiezi states: Zhi refers to Da Qi (Large Shepherd's Purse); Guangya states: Zhi refers to Ma Xin (Horse Pungency); Erya states: Zhi and Da Qi are the same. Guo Pu states: Qi has slender leaves and is commonly called Lao Qi (Old Shepherd's Purse). The old text used the character Xi, which is incorrect.