味辛，平。主风寒温疟，热气诸痈，除邪，利大小便。一名解离（《御览》作石解引云∶
通腠理，利九窍。《大观本》六字黑）。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶木防己，一名解离，一名解燕。神农∶辛；黄帝、岐伯、桐君∶苦，无毒
；李氏∶大寒。如艿，茎蔓延，如艽，白根外黄似结梗，内黑又如车辐解。二月、八月、十
月采根（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生汉中。二月、八月采根，阴干。
案∶《范子计然》云∶防己，出汉中旬阳。
味辛，温。主咳逆上气，善喘、喉痹，诸惊痫，寒热邪气。一名橐吾（《御览》作石），
一名颗东（《御览》作颗冬），一名虎须，一名免奚。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶款冬，十二月花黄白（《艺文类聚》）。
《名医》曰∶一名氏冬，生常山及目常水傍。十一月采花，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶苦萃，款 也。《尔雅》云∶菟奚，颗 。郭璞云∶款冬也。紫赤
，生水中。《西京杂记》云∶款冬，花于严冬。传咸《款冬赋》序曰∶仲冬之月，冰凌积雪
，款冬独敷花艳。
味苦辛，寒。主寒热，中风、螈 、痉，惊痫邪气，除症坚，瘀血留舍肠胃，安五脏，
疗痈创。一名鹿韭，一名鼠姑。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶牡丹，神农、岐伯∶辛；李氏∶小寒；雷公、桐君∶苦，无毒；黄帝∶苦
，有毒。叶如蓬相植，根如柏黑，中有核。二月采，八月采，晒干。人食之，轻身、益寿（
《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生巴郡及汉中。二月、八月采根，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶白术
【防己】
味辛，性平。主治风寒引起的温疟，以及热气导致的各种痈肿，能祛除邪气，通利大小便。别名解离（《太平御览》引文作“石解”，并记载：能疏通腠理，通利九窍。《大观本》中这六个字为黑体）。生长于山川河谷地带。
《吴普》记载：木防己，别名解离，别名解燕。神农氏认为其味辛；黄帝、岐伯、桐君认为其味苦，无毒；李氏认为其大寒。形状像艿，茎蔓生延伸，像艽，根部外面黄色内部黑色，类似结梗，又像车轮的辐条那样分散。二月、八月、十月采集根部（《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：生长在汉中地区。二月、八月采集根部，阴干。
按语：《范子计然》记载：防己，出产于汉中郡旬阳县。
【款冬花】
味辛，性温。主治咳嗽气逆，容易气喘、喉痹，以及各种惊痫，寒热邪气。别名橐吾（《太平御览》作“石”），别名颗东（《太平御览》作“颗冬”），别名虎须，别名免奚。生长于山谷地带。
《吴普》记载：款冬，十二月开花，花色黄白（《艺文类聚》）。
《名医别录》记载：别名氏冬，生长在常山及目常水旁边。十一月采集花朵，阴干。
按语：《广雅》记载：苦萃，就是款冬。《尔雅》记载：菟奚，就是颗冬。郭璞注释说：就是款冬。紫红色，生长在水中。《西京杂记》记载：款冬，在严冬时节开花。传咸《款冬赋》序言说：仲冬之月，冰凌积雪，唯独款冬绽放鲜艳的花朵。
【牡丹】
味苦辛，性寒。主治寒热，中风、抽搐、痉挛，惊痫邪气，消除症坚积聚，瘀血停留肠胃，安养五脏，治疗痈疮创伤。别名鹿韭，别名鼠姑。生长于山谷地带。
《吴普》记载：牡丹，神农、岐伯认为味辛；李氏认为小寒；雷公、桐君认为味苦，无毒；黄帝认为味苦，有毒。叶子像蓬草一样相互种植，根部像柏树根那样黑，中间有核。二月采集，八月采集，晒干。人食用它，能轻身、益寿（《太平御览》）。
《名医别录》记载：生长在巴郡及汉中地区。二月、八月采集根部，阴干。
按语：《广雅》记载：白术……
[Fangji]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats warm malaria caused by wind-cold, and various abscesses caused by heat qi; expels pathogenic factors, and promotes urination and defecation. Also known as Jielie (The *Taiping Yulan* cites it as "Shijie" and records: "It unblocks the interstices and benefits the nine orifices." In the *Daguan Edition*, these six characters are printed in bold/black). Grows in mountains and valleys.
Wu Pu recorded: Mugua Fangji is also known as Jielie or Jianyan. Shennong stated it is pungent; Huangdi, Qibo, and Tongjun stated it is bitter and non-toxic; Li Shi stated it is greatly cold. It resembles Nainai, with creeping stems like Jiao; the root is yellow on the outside and black inside, resembling a knotted stem, and radiating like the spokes of a wheel. The roots are harvested in the second, eighth, and tenth months (*Taiping Yulan*).
Famous Physicians recorded: It grows in Hanzhong. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the shade.
Note: *Fanzi Jiran* states: Fangji originates from Xunyang County in Hanzhong Commandery.
[Kuandonghua]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, frequent asthma, throat obstruction, various types of fright epilepsy, and cold-heat pathogenic factors. Also known as Tuowu (*Taiping Yulan* writes "Shi"), Kedong (*Taiping Yulan* writes "Kedong"), Huxu, and Mianxi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu recorded: Kuandong flowers in the twelfth month, with yellow and white petals (*Yiwen Leiju*).
Famous Physicians recorded: Also known as Shidong, growing in Changshan and beside Muchang Water. The flowers are harvested in the eleventh month and dried in the shade.
Note: *Guaya* states: Kucui is Kuandong. *Erya* states: Tuxi is Kedong. Guo Pu commented: This is Kuandong. It is purple-red and grows in water. *Xijing Zaji* states: Kuandong blooms in severe winter. The preface to Chuan Xian's *Ode to Kuandong* says: In the mid-winter month, amidst ice ridges and piled snow, only Kuandong blooms brightly.
[Mudanpi]
Bitter and pungent in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats chills and fever, wind-stroke, convulsions, spasms, fright epilepsy and pathogenic factors; eliminates hard accumulations (Zhengjian), blood stasis lodged in the intestines and stomach, calms the five zang organs, and treats abscesses and wounds. Also known as Lujia and Shugu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu recorded: For Mudanpi, Shennong and Qibo stated it is pungent; Li Shi stated it is slightly cold; Leigong and Tongjun stated it is bitter and non-toxic; Huangdi stated it is bitter and toxic. The leaves are planted like Penglai, the roots are black like cypress roots, with a core inside. Harvested in the second and eighth months, then sun-dried. Consuming it lightens the body and prolongs life (*Taiping Yulan*).
Famous Physicians recorded: It grows in Ba Commandery and Hanzhong. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the shade.
Note: *Guaya* states: Baizhu...