味甘，平。主风挛拘急，偏枯，气不通利。久服，益气、不饥、轻身、耐老。一名 肪。
生池泽。
《吴普》曰∶雁肪，神农、岐伯、雷公∶甘，无毒（《御览》有 肪二字，当作一名
肪）。杀诸石药毒（《御览》引云∶采无时）。
《名医》曰∶生江南，取无时。
案∶《说文》云∶雁，鹅也。 ，舒凫也。《广雅》云∶ 鹅，仓 雁也。凫 ，鸭也
。《尔雅》云∶舒雁，鹅。郭璞云∶《礼记》曰∶出如舒雁，今江东呼 。又舒凫。 ，郭
璞云∶鸭也。《方言》云∶雁自关而东，谓之 鹅；南楚之外，谓之鹅，或谓之仓 。据《
说文》云∶别有雁，以为鸿雁字，鸭字，鸭，即雁之急音，此雁肪，即鹅、鸭脂也。当作
雁字。《名医》不晓，别出 肪条，又出白鸭、鹅条，反疑此为鸿雁，何其谬也。陶、苏皆
乱说之。
上禽，上品二种，旧同。
味甘，平。主心腹邪气，诸惊痉痫，安五脏，诸不足，益气补中，止痛解毒，除众病，
和百药。久服，强志、轻身、不饥、不老。一名石饴。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶石蜜，神农、雷公∶甘，气平。生河源或河梁（《御览》又一引云∶生武
都山谷）。
《名医》曰∶生武都河源及诸山石中。色白如膏者，良。
案∶《说文》云∶蜜蜂。甘饴也。一曰螟子，或作蜜。《中山经》云∶平逢之山多沙石
，实惟蜂蜜之庐。郭璞云∶蜜，赤蜂名。《西京杂记》云∶南越王献高帝石蜜五斛。《玉篇
》云∶蝇螽，甘饴也。苏恭云∶当去石字。
味甘，性平。主治风邪引起的筋脉拘挛抽搐、半身不遂、气机阻滞不通。长期服用，能补益元气、消除饥饿感、使身体轻盈、延缓衰老。又名“肪”。
生长于池塘沼泽地带。
《吴普》记载：雁肪，神农、岐伯、雷公认为：味甘，无毒（《太平御览》中有“肪”二字，应当是作为别名“肪”）。能杀灭各种金石药物的毒性（《太平御览》引用说：采集没有固定时间）。
《名医别录》记载：生长于江南地区，采集没有固定时间。
按语：《说文解字》说：雁，就是鹅。舒凫，就是野鸭。《广雅》说：鹅，是仓雁。凫，是鸭子。《尔雅》说：舒雁，就是鹅。郭璞注释说：《礼记》中说：出行时仪态像舒展的雁，现在江东地区称之为舒凫。又舒凫，郭璞注释说：就是鸭子。《方言》说：雁从函谷关以东，称为舒鹅；南楚地区之外，称为鹅，或者称为仓鹅。根据《说文解字》说：另外有“雁”字，用来表示鸿雁的字形，“鸭”字是“雁”字的急读音，这里的雁肪，就是鹅和鸭的脂肪。应当写作“雁”字。《名医别录》的作者不明白这一点，另外列出了“肪”这一条目，又列出了白鸭、鹅的条目，反而怀疑这是鸿雁的脂肪，这多么荒谬啊。陶弘景、苏恭都是胡乱解说。
以上属于禽类，上品两种，旧本中归为一类。
味甘，性平。主治心腹部的邪气，各种惊厥、痉挛、癫痫，能安定五脏，治疗各种虚损不足，补益元气、充实中焦，止痛解毒，去除多种疾病，调和各种药物。长期服用，能增强意志、使身体轻盈、消除饥饿感、延缓衰老。又名“石饴”。生长于山谷之中。
《吴普》记载：石蜜，神农、雷公认为：味甘，气平。生长于河源或河梁（《太平御览》另一处引用说：生长于武都的山谷）。
《名医别录》记载：生长于武都河源以及各座山中的岩石里。颜色洁白如膏脂的，品质优良。
按语：《说文解字》说：蜜蜂。甘甜的饴糖。另一种说法是螟子，或者写作蜜。《中山经》说：平逢山上多沙石，这里实际上是蜂蜜的巢穴。郭璞注释说：蜜，是赤色蜂的名称。《西京杂记》说：南越王向高帝进献五斛石蜜。《玉篇》说：蝇螽，是甘甜的饴糖。苏恭说：应当去掉“石”字。
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats wind-induced muscle spasms and contractures (Feng Luan Ju Ji), hemiplegia (Pian Ku), and qi stagnation with obstruction (Qi Bu Tong Li). Long-term consumption tonifies primordial qi (Yi Qi), suppresses hunger, lightens the body, and promotes longevity (Nai Lao). Also known as "Fang".
Grows in ponds and marshes.
Wu Pu states: Yan Fang (Goose Fat), according to Shennong, Qibo, and Leigong: Sweet in flavor, non-toxic (The *Taiping Yulan* contains the character "Fang", which should be understood as an alias "Fang"). It can neutralize the toxicity of various mineral drugs (The *Taiping Yulan* cites: collected at any time).
The *Mingyi Bielu* (Record of Famous Physicians) states: Grows in the Jiangnan region; collected at any time.
Note: The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Yan" refers to the domestic goose. "Shufu" refers to the wild duck. The *Guangya* states: The goose is the Cangyan. The Fu is the duck. The *Erya* states: The Shuyan is the goose. Guo Pu comments: The *Book of Rites* says: "Moving like a stretching swan/goose," now in the Jiangdong region called Shufu. Again, Shufu, Guo Pu comments: is the duck. The *Fangyan* states: From east of Hangu Pass, it is called Shue; outside the Chu region in the south, it is called E, or sometimes Cang'e. According to the *Shuowen Jiezi*: There is a separate character for "Yan" used for the wild goose/swan; the character for "Duck" is the rapid pronunciation of "Yan." Thus, this Yan Fang is actually the fat of geese and ducks. It should be written as the character "Yan." The author of the *Mingyi Bielu* did not understand this, listing a separate entry for "Fang," and also entries for White Duck and Goose, mistakenly suspecting this to be the fat of wild geese/swans. How erroneous! Tao Hongjing and Su Gong both made nonsensical remarks.
Above are avian substances, two items in the Superior Grade, traditionally grouped together.
Sweet in flavor, neutral in nature. It primarily treats evil qi in the heart and abdomen, various forms of fright, spasms, and epilepsy (Jing Jing Xian), calms the five zang organs, addresses various deficiencies, tonifies qi and strengthens the middle jiao (Bu Zhong), stops pain, detoxifies, eliminates various diseases, and harmonizes other medicinal herbs. Long-term consumption strengthens the will (Qiang Zhi), lightens the body, suppresses hunger, and prevents aging. Also known as "Shi Yi". Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Shi Mi (Rock Honey), according to Shennong and Leigong: Sweet in flavor, neutral in qi. Grows at river sources or river beams (Another citation in *Taiping Yulan* states: grows in the valleys of Wudu).
The *Mingyi Bielu* states: Grows in the river sources of Wudu and among rocks in various mountains. Those that are white in color and paste-like in texture are of superior quality.
Note: The *Shuowen Jiezi* states: Bees. Sweet malt sugar. Another interpretation is Mingzi, or written as Mi. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Central Classic* states: Pingfeng Mountain has much sand and stone; this is truly the dwelling place of honey. Guo Pu comments: Mi refers to the name of red bees. The *Miscellaneous Records of the Western Capital* states: The King of Nanyue presented five hu of Shi Mi to Emperor Gao. The *Yupian* states: Flies and katydids, sweet malt sugar. Su Gong states: The character "Shi" (Stone) should be removed.