（见大小腑门本证）
（见疮门本证）
诸头痛。有因气。因痰。因虚。及外感四气。或酒食所伤。或作劳失力以致头痛。不
问何
证。疑似之际。并可与如圣饼子。乌芎汤。外有臭毒头痛。一味吃炒香附愈。荆公解痛字义
云。宜通而塞则为痛。
有偏正夹脑风。服川乌附不愈。用莲子草乌而愈者。此乃毒攻毒之意。不可不知。
有上焦热。头痛宜败毒散。去柴胡加甘菊花如其数。有头风晕眩。不可谓其无痛。而不
以为
风。切宜详审。未宜遽作虚治。若投补剂愈甚。别又无疾所失血等患。又非诸般病后。卒然得
此。是风晕分晓。宜小续命汤。加全蝎三四个。
有头风发动。顶后两向。筋紧。吊起作痛者。看其人挟寒挟虚。宜大三五七散。
头风用热药者多。间有挟热而不胜热剂者。宜消风散。通关散。茶调散。清上之类。偏
正头
风作痛。痛连于脑。常如牵引之状。发则目不可开。眩晕不能抬举。宜芎辛汤。每服加全蝎
五个。间进太阳丹。及如圣饼子或用大茶调散。八生散、追风散、大三五七散。觉上膈有
热。大茶调散。并一字散。
痰作头痛。其人呕吐。痰多者。宜芎星汤。或芎辛汤去茶牙。导痰汤。加芎半钱。八生
散。亦
可用。有病此。发作无时。俗名痰饮头风。气不顺停痰上攻头痛。顺气为上。二陈汤。导痰
汤。并有加料法。
头痛挟热。项生磊块作痛。宜都梁丸。
有烂头风。痒而痛者。于服头风药外。用乌醋磨铁锈涂。生姜汁。亦可揩擦。
怒气伤肝。及肺气不顺。上冲于脑。令人头痛。宜沉香降气汤。并苏子降气汤。下养正
丹。
或用芎附饮。因虚头痛。此为肾厥头痛。宜用正元散。或大三五七散。入盐煎服。或于正元
散。入炒椒十五粒。下来复丹间进黑锡丹。有服诸药不效。其痛愈甚。宜茸朱丹。所以用
茸者。已于虚损门、眩晕证详论之。
感风寒暑湿四气。及伤食头痛。见诸伤门。
中酒头痛。见诸伤门酒食证。
作劳失力头痛。见本门。身体痛证。颈痛、因头痛牵引致痛者。当于头痛诸证中求药。
若别无处。独在颈者。非是风邪。即是气挫。亦有落枕而成痛者。并宜和气饮。食后服。
（参见“大小腑门”中的本证）
（参见“疮门”中的本证）
各种头痛，有的因气滞引起，有的因痰湿引起，有的因虚损引起，以及外感风、寒、暑、湿四时邪气所致；或因饮酒饮食所伤，或因过度劳累、体力透支而导致头痛。不论属于何种证型，在疑似难辨之际，均可使用如圣饼子、乌芎汤。此外，若有臭毒引起的头痛，单味服用炒香的香附即可痊愈。王安石解释“痛”字的字义说：气机宜通而受阻则产生疼痛。
有偏头痛或正头痛兼夹脑风者，若服用川乌、附子无效，改用莲子草乌而痊愈的，这是以毒攻毒的意思，不可不知道。
上焦有热导致的头痛，适宜用败毒散，去掉柴胡，加入等量的甘菊花。有头风引起的头晕目眩，不能因为没有剧烈疼痛就认为不是风邪所致，务必仔细审察，不宜立即按虚证治疗。如果投用补益药剂反而加重病情，且患者没有失血等疾病，也不是各种疾病初愈后突然出现的这种情况，那么这就是典型的风晕证，适宜用小续命汤，加入全蝎三四个。
头风发作时，头顶后方两侧筋脉拘紧，向上吊起并产生疼痛，需观察患者是否兼夹寒邪或虚证，适宜用大三五七散。
治疗头风多用热性药物，间或有兼夹热邪而不能耐受热性药剂的患者，适宜用消风散、通关散、茶调散、清上等方剂。偏头痛或正头痛引发疼痛，痛连脑部，常像被牵引一样的感觉，发作时眼睛无法睁开，眩晕得不能抬头举身，适宜用芎辛汤，每服加全蝎五个。间歇性服用太阳丹，以及如圣饼子，或者大茶调散、八生散、追风散、大三五七散。若觉得上膈有热，可用大茶调散和一字散。
痰湿导致的头痛，患者伴有呕吐、痰多症状，适宜用芎星汤，或者芎辛汤去掉茶叶，导痰汤，加入川芎半钱。八生散也可以使用。有病此症，发作没有定时，俗名叫痰饮头风，气机不顺导致停痰上攻头部引起头痛，以顺气为上策，可用二陈汤、导痰汤，并有加料的方法。
有烂头风，瘙痒且疼痛的，在服用头风药之外，用乌醋磨铁锈涂抹，或用生姜汁擦拭也可以。
怒气伤肝，以及肺气不顺，向上冲逆至脑部，令人头痛，适宜用沉香降气汤，以及苏子降气汤，配合下养正丹。
或者使用芎附饮。因虚损导致的头痛，这属于肾厥头痛，适宜用正元散，或者大三五七散，加盐煎服。或者在正元散中加入炒花椒十五粒，下来复丹，间歇性服用黑锡丹。有服用各种药物无效，疼痛反而加剧的，适宜用茸朱丹。之所以使用鹿茸，已经在虚损门、眩晕证中详细论述过了。
感受风、寒、暑、湿四时邪气，以及饮食积滞导致的头痛，参见诸伤门。
饮酒过量导致的头痛，参见诸伤门酒食证。
过度劳累、体力透支导致的头痛，参见本门身体痛证。颈痛，因头痛牵引而致痛的，应当在头痛各证型中寻找药方。如果别处无病，唯独颈部疼痛，这不是风邪，就是气机挫伤。也有因落枕而成痛的，均适宜用和气饮，饭后服用。
(See the sections on "Sores and Toxins" and "Blunt Trauma")
(See the primary syndromes in the section on "Upper and Lower Bowels")
(See the primary syndromes in the section on "Sores")
Various types of headache may arise from qi stagnation, phlegm-dampness, deficiency, or external contraction of the four pathogenic factors (wind, cold, summerheat, dampness). They may also result from dietary injury due to alcohol and food, or from overexertion and physical exhaustion. Regardless of the specific syndrome, when differentiation is difficult, formulas such as Rusheng Bingzi (Like-Sage Pill) and Wuxiong Tang (Black Ligusticum Decoction) may be administered. Additionally, for headaches caused by foul toxins, consuming fried and fragrant Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu) alone can bring about a cure. Wang Anshi explained the etymology of the character "tong" (pain): pain arises when the flow of qi should be unobstructed but becomes blocked.
For lateral or central headaches complicated by brain wind, if Chuanwu (Aconitum Carmichaelii Debx. Lateral Root) and Fuzi (Aconitum Carmichaelii Debx. Prepared Lateral Root) prove ineffective, switching to Lianzi Caowu (Rhizoma Aconiti Kusnezoffii with Seed) has resulted in cures. This illustrates the principle of treating poison with poison, which must not be overlooked.
Headaches caused by heat in the upper jiao are suitable for Baidu San (Decoction to Defeat Toxins), with Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) removed and an equal amount of Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemi Flos) added. In cases of head wind causing dizziness and vertigo, one must not assume it is not wind-related simply because severe pain is absent; careful examination is essential. It is premature to treat this as a deficiency syndrome. If tonifying prescriptions exacerbate the condition, and there are no other causes such as blood loss or recent recovery from various illnesses, then this is clearly a wind-induced vertigo syndrome. Xiaoxuming Tang (Minor Xu-Ming Decoction) with three or four Quanxie (Scorpio) is appropriate.
When head wind attacks, causing tightness and upward pulling pain at the back sides of the vertex, observe whether the patient harbors cold or deficiency. Dasanwuqi San (Great Three-Five-Seven Powder) is indicated.
Most treatments for head wind employ hot-natured herbs. However, some patients with concurrent heat cannot tolerate hot formulas; for them, Xiaofeng San (Wind-Expelling Powder), Tongguan San (Pass-the-Gate Powder), Chutiao San (Tea-Regulating Powder), and Shangqing Leis (Clearing the Upper Category) are suitable. For lateral or central headaches radiating to the brain, feeling like being pulled, where onset prevents opening the eyes and causes dizziness preventing the raising of the head, Xiongxiong Tang (Ligusticum and Ligusticum Decoction) is recommended, adding five Quanxie (Scorpio) per dose. Intermittently administer Taiyang Dan (Sun-Yang Pill), Rusheng Bingzi (Like-Sage Pill), Dachatiao San (Great Tea-Regulating Powder), Basheng San (Eight Raw Materials Powder), Zhuifeng San (Wind-Chasing Powder), or Dasanwuqi San (Great Three-Five-Seven Powder). If heat is felt in the upper epigastrium, Dachetiao San (Great Tea-Regulating Powder) and Yizi San (One-Degree Powder) may be used.
Headaches caused by phlegm, accompanied by vomiting and copious sputum, are treated with Xiongxing Tang (Ligusticum and Pinellia Decoction), or Xiongxiong Tang (Ligusticum and Ligusticum Decoction) with tea leaves removed, Daotan Tang (Phlegm-Resolving Decoction) with Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) added half qian, or Basheng San (Eight Raw Materials Powder). This condition, occurring without fixed timing, is commonly known as Phlegm-Fluid Head Wind. When qi fails to move smoothly and stagnant phlegm attacks upward causing headache, regulating qi is paramount. Erchen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) and Daotan Tang (Phlegm-Resolving Decoction) can be used with modifications.
Headaches combined with heat, presenting with lumps in the neck that are painful, are treated with Duliang Wan (Duliang Pill).
For "rotten head wind," characterized by itching and pain, in addition to taking head wind medicines, apply iron rust ground with wu cu (black vinegar) topically, or rub with Shengjiang Zhi (Ginger Juice).
Anger injuring the liver, along with lung qi failing to descend and rushing upward to the brain, causes headache. Chenxiang Jiangqi Tang (Aquilaria Qi-Descending Decoction) and Suzi Jiangqi Tang (Perilla Qi-Descending Decoction) are indicated, followed by Xiayangzhuan Dan (Lowering Yang Uprightness Pill).
Alternatively, Xiongfu Yin (Ligusticum and Aconite Drink) may be used. Headaches due to deficiency belong to the category of Kidney Jue Headache. Zhengyuan San (Upright Origin Powder) or Dasanwuqi San (Great Three-Five-Seven Powder) decocted with salt is appropriate. One may add fifteen fried Sichuan peppercorns to Zhengyuan San (Upright Origin Powder), take Laifu Dan (Returning Life Pill), and intermittently administer Heixi Dan (Black Tin Pill). For those who find all medications ineffective and whose pain worsens, Rongzhu Dan (Velvet Cinnabar Pill) is suitable. The use of Rong (Deer Antler Velvet) was discussed in detail in the sections on Deficiency Damage and Vertigo Syndromes.
Headaches caused by contracting wind, cold, summerheat, and dampness, or by food retention, are covered in the section on Various Injuries. Headaches from excessive alcohol consumption are found in the Alcohol and Food Injury section under Various Injuries. Headaches from overexertion and physical exhaustion are detailed in the current section under Body Pain Syndromes. Neck pain resulting from traction by headache should be sought among the various headache syndromes. If there is no other pathology and pain is isolated to the neck, it is neither wind-pathogen nor qi trauma. It may also result from sleeping awkwardly (luozhen). Heqi Yin (Harmonizing Qi Drink) taken after meals is suitable for these cases.