小儿不宜服凉药 足胫冷，腹虚胀，粪色青，吐乳食，眼珠青，面青白，脉沉微。此皆寒
证，故不宜凉药。
小儿不宜服热药 足胫热，两脸红，大便秘，小便赤，上气急，脉紧数，渴不止。此皆热
候，故不宜热药。
小儿急、慢惊风，古谓之阴阳痫。急慢者，后世名之也。急属阳盛而阴虚；慢属阴盛而阳虚
。皆脏腑邪热，销克肺经而成痰。痰复生热，热生风，风生惊。必因惊、风、痰、热，四证合作
而为搐（两手伸缩、）搦（十指开合、）掣（势如相扑、）颤（头偏不止、）反（身仰向后）、
引（臂若开弓、）窜（目直似怒、）视（露睛不活）八候生焉。及搭眼摇头、
张口出舌、唇青脸赤、面青睛青，太阳发际、印堂皆青，三关、虎口红紫及青，皆惊风之候也。
男搐左视左；女搐右视右。男眼上窜；女眼下窜。男握母指出外；女握母指入内。男引手挽，左
直右曲；女引手挽，右直左曲，皆为之顺。反此为逆。治风先利惊，治惊先豁痰，治痰先解热。
若惊风由痰热而生，必退热化痰，而惊自止。若四证俱有，治必兼施，先后纲领如此。析而言之
，暴烈为急；沉重为慢。急则势虽甚，而属有余，其愈易；慢则候虽缓，而属不足，其愈难。有
初为壮热发搐之急惊，因吐下太过，凉药用多，脾胃亏损，肢冷昏愦，而变慢惊者。有先为吐泻
、脾虚之慢惊，因温补太过，热药用多，体热涎壅，面红目赤，而变急惊者。医家用药，可不慎
欤！大抵婴儿之疾，贵乎早治。才觉受惊，伤风发热，便与疏解，何虑之有哉？治宜先用搐鼻法
，以猪牙皂角末，或半夏末（或二物并，）以纸捻蘸捻鼻孔，或芦管吹入。（得嚏可治，无嚏难
治。）次吐痰，瓜蒂散（五分调服；）或稀涎散（五分白汤调服），吐痰为妙。或通关散，或以神佑
丸（二分，白汤化下；）或青州白丸子，或滚痰丸（同抱龙丸、豁痰丸）化痰。或以造命丹治惊
。如惊风已退，定志丸调之。
小儿不宜服用寒凉药物。症状表现为足胫发冷，腹部虚胀，大便颜色青绿，呕吐乳食，眼珠呈青色，面色青白，脉象沉微。这些都属于寒证，因此不适合使用寒凉药物。
小儿不宜服用温热药物。症状表现为足胫发热，两颊发红，大便秘结，小便色赤，气逆急促，脉象紧数，口渴不止。这些都属于热证候，因此不适合使用温热药物。
小儿急惊风和慢惊风，古代称为阴阳痫。急惊和慢惊是后世命名的。急惊属于阳气盛而阴气虚；慢惊属于阴气盛而阳气虚。这都是由于脏腑邪热，消耗克制肺经功能而形成痰饮。痰饮又生热，热生风，风生惊。必须因为惊、风、痰、热这四种证候共同作用，从而产生搐（两手伸缩）、搦（十指开合）、掣（势如相扑）、颤（头部偏斜不止）、反（身体仰向后）、引（手臂像拉弓一样）、窜（眼睛直视似愤怒）、视（露睛不灵活）这八种征候。以及瞪眼摇头、张口吐舌、嘴唇青脸色赤、面部和眼珠发青，太阳穴发际线和印堂部位皆发青，三关、虎口指纹呈现红紫或青色，这些都是惊风的征候。男孩抽搐时眼球向左看；女孩抽搐时眼球向右看。男孩眼球上翻；女孩眼球下陷。男孩握住母亲的手指向外；女孩握住母亲的手指向内。男孩牵引手部时，左手伸直右手弯曲；女孩牵引手部时，右手伸直左手弯曲，这些都称为顺证。相反则为逆证。治疗风证先要控制惊证，治疗惊证先要豁除痰浊，治疗痰浊先要解除热邪。如果惊风是由痰热引起的，必然要退热化痰，惊风自然停止。如果四种证候俱备，治疗必须兼顾施行，先后纲领如此。详细分析来说，暴烈发作的是急惊；沉重缓慢的是慢惊。急惊虽然病势猛烈，但属于实证有余，容易痊愈；慢惊虽然征候缓和，但属于虚证不足，难以痊愈。有起初是壮热发搐的急惊，因为吐泻太过，寒凉药使用过多，导致脾胃亏损，四肢冰冷神志昏乱，从而转变为慢惊的。有先是吐泻、脾虚的慢惊，因为温补太过，温热药使用过多，导致身体发热痰涎壅盛，面红目赤，从而转变为急惊的。医生用药，能不谨慎吗？大抵婴儿的疾病，贵在早期治疗。刚觉得受惊、伤风发热，就给予疏解，还有什么可忧虑的呢？治疗适宜先用搐鼻法，用猪牙皂角末，或者半夏末（或者两者并用），用纸捻蘸取捻入鼻孔，或者用芦管吹入。（能打喷嚏的可以治愈，不能打喷嚏的难治。）其次吐痰，用瓜蒂散（五分调服）；或者稀涎散（五分用白开水调服），以吐出痰液为妙。或者用通关散，或者用神佑丸（二分，用白开水化下）；或者青州白丸子，或者滚痰丸（同抱龙丸、豁痰丸一起）来化痰。或者用造命丹治疗惊风。如果惊风已经消退，用定志丸调理。
Infants and children should not take cooling medicines. Symptoms include coldness in the lower legs, abdominal distension due to deficiency, greenish stool, vomiting of milk and food, blueish eyeballs, bluish-white complexion, and a deep and faint pulse (Chen Wei). These all indicate Cold Syndromes (Han Zheng), thus cooling medicines are unsuitable.
Infants and children should not take heating medicines. Symptoms include heat in the lower legs, redness on both cheeks, constipation, reddish urine, upward rushing of Qi with rapid breathing, a tight and rapid pulse (Jin Shu), and unquenchable thirst. These all indicate Heat Patterns (Re Hou), thus heating medicines are unsuitable.
Pediatric acute and chronic convulsions were anciently referred to as Yin-Yang Epilepsy (Yin Yang Xian). "Acute" and "chronic" are names given by later generations. Acute convulsion belongs to Excess Yang and Deficient Yin; chronic convulsion belongs to Excess Yin and Deficient Yang. Both result from pathogenic heat in the Zang-Fu organs consuming and impairing the Lung Meridian, leading to Phlegm formation. Phlegm generates heat, heat generates Wind, and Wind generates Convulsion. It is necessary that the four syndromes of Convulsion, Wind, Phlegm, and Heat act together to produce the eight signs: Chu (extension and flexion of hands and feet), Nuo (opening and closing of fingers), Che (posture like wrestling), Chan (continuous tilting of the head), Fan (arching of the back backwards), Yin (arms drawn back like drawing a bow), Cuan (staring eyes resembling anger), and Shi (exposed pupils lacking mobility). Additionally, staring eyes and shaking head, opening mouth and protruding tongue, cyanotic lips and reddish face, bluish face and eyes, bluish color at the Taiyang hairline and Yintang area, and red-purple or bluish colors at the Three Passages and Tiger Mouth areas are all signs of Convulsion. In boys, convulsions involve looking left; in girls, looking right. Boys' eyes roll up; girls' eyes sink down. Boys grip the mother's finger outward; girls grip inward. When pulling the hands, boys have the left hand straight and right curved; girls have the right hand straight and left curved. These are considered favorable (Shun). The opposite is unfavorable (Ni). To treat Wind, first resolve Convulsion; to treat Convulsion, first expel Phlegm; to treat Phlegm, first clear Heat. If Convulsion arises from Phlegm-Heat, clearing Heat and resolving Phlegm will naturally stop the Convulsion. If all four syndromes are present, treatment must be combined, following this sequence and principle. Analyzed in detail, violent onset is Acute; heavy and slow is Chronic. Acute, though severe, belongs to Excess and is easier to cure; Chronic, though mild, belongs to Deficiency and is harder to cure. There are cases where initial Acute Convulsion with high fever and spasms transforms into Chronic Convulsion due to excessive vomiting and purging, or overuse of cooling medicines, damaging the Spleen and Stomach, causing cold limbs and confusion. There are cases where initial Chronic Convulsion due to vomiting/diarrhea and Spleen Deficiency transforms into Acute Convulsion due to excessive warming and tonifying, or overuse of heating medicines, causing body heat, phlegm obstruction, red face, and red eyes. Physicians must be cautious in prescribing. Generally, infant diseases benefit from early treatment. Once suspicion of fright, wind-cold, or fever arises, immediate dispersal and resolution should be applied; what then is there to worry about? Treatment should initially use the nasal insufflation method: using powder of Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus Spina (Zhuya Zaojiao) or Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) (or both), dipped on a paper twist to stimulate the nostrils, or blown in via a reed tube. (Sneezing indicates treatability; no sneeze indicates difficulty.) Next, induce vomiting of phlegm using Cucurbitae Trichosanthes Fructus Decoction (Gua Di San - 5 fen mixed with water); or Xi Yan San (5 fen mixed with warm water), aiming to expel phlegm. Alternatively, use Tong Guan San, or Shen You Wan (2 fen dissolved in warm water); or Qingzhou Bai Wan Zi, or Gun Tan Wan (combined with Bao Long Wan, Huo Tan Wan) to resolve phlegm. Or use Zao Ming Dan to treat convulsion. If convulsion has subsided, regulate with Ding Zhi Wan.