（俗作 ）
经曰∶诸痉项强，皆属于湿。又曰∶诸暴强直，皆属于风。刘河间曰∶诸痉强直，乃筋劲而
不柔和也。盖脾土主安静，湿胜过极则反兼风化。亢则害，承乃制，实非风也。身热足冷，颈项
强急，恶寒口噤，头摇面赤，背反张如弓者，痉证也。阴痉曰柔，阳痉曰刚。如伤寒太阳发汗过
多，或疮家过汗，或大发湿家汗。亦有气血内虚，风湿外袭；有火热伤肺，金不平木；有产后血
枯；有破伤风，皆能致此。脉浮缓有汗为柔，浮紧无汗为刚。治宜养血为主，分虚实。
主方 当归 川芎 芍药 熟地 白术 茯苓（等分） 甘草（减半）加姜、枣煎。
无汗加羌活、防风、苍术、柴胡、葛根；冬加麻黄，去芍、地、白术；有汗加桂枝、黄 ，
去川芎；厥冷加熟附、羌活；虚加人参。烦渴，麦冬、知母、干葛、黄芩，去白术、川芎。身热
烦渴，卧不着席，大便秘，大黄、枳实、浓朴、黄芩，去白术、川芎、茯苓。汗吐下后发者，重
加参、 、归、地、羌、荆。痰火发 ，二陈、蒌、贝、枳、桔、参、麦、栀、芩、当归、苏子
，加姜煎，入竹沥，姜汁服。
栝蒌桂枝汤 太阳病，其证备，身体强，KT KT 然，脉反沉迟， 病。
栝蒌根 桂枝 芍药（各钱半） 甘草（五分）
姜五片，枣二枚煎。
（俗体字作“痉”）
《黄帝内经》说：各种痉挛、项部强直，都归属于湿邪。又说：各种突然发生的强直拘急，都归属于风邪。刘河间说：各种痉挛强直，是筋脉劲急而不柔和的表现。大概脾土主静，当湿邪过盛至极时，反而兼夹风象显现。这是亢盛则为害，需有制约才能平衡，实际上并非真正的风邪所致。身体发热、足部发冷、颈项强直紧急、怕冷、牙关紧闭、头部摇动、面色发红、背部反张如弓形者，即为痉证。阴痉称为柔痉，阳痉称为刚痉。例如伤寒太阳病发汗过多，或疮疡患者发汗过度，或风湿病患者大发其汗。也有因气血内部虚弱，风湿外部侵袭；或因火热伤肺，导致金（肺）不能平抑木（肝）；或因产后血枯；或因破伤风，皆能导致此病。脉象浮缓且有汗的称为柔痉，脉象浮紧且无汗的称为刚痉。治疗应以养血为主，分辨虚实。
主方：当归、川芎、芍药、熟地黄、白术、茯苓（各等分），甘草（减半量），加生姜、大枣煎服。
若无汗，加羌活、防风、苍术、柴胡、葛根；冬季加麻黄，去掉芍药、熟地黄、白术；若有汗，加桂枝、黄芩，去掉川芎；若四肢厥冷，加熟附子、羌活；若虚损明显，加人参。若烦躁口渴，用麦冬、知母、干葛、黄芩，去掉白术、川芎。若身体发热、烦躁口渴、卧床时背部不能接触席面、大便秘结，用大黄、枳实、厚朴、黄芩，去掉白术、川芎、茯苓。若在发汗、催吐、泻下之后发病，加重人参、黄芪、当归、熟地黄的用量，并加入羌活、荆芥。若因痰火引发，用二陈汤加瓜蒌、贝母、枳实、桔梗、人参、麦冬、栀子、黄芩、当归、苏子，加生姜煎服，调入竹沥、姜汁服用。
栝蒌桂枝汤：治疗太阳病，症状具备，身体强直，背脊强直不舒，脉象反而沉迟，属于痓病（注：原文此处可能有误或通假，通常指痉病）。
(Spelled as "Jing" in common usage)
The *Classic of Difficult Issues* (referring to *Huangdi Neijing*) states: All spasms and neck stiffness belong to dampness. It also states: All sudden rigidity and straightening belong to wind. Liu Hejian stated: All spasms and rigidity are manifestations of sinews being tense and lacking flexibility. Generally, the Spleen Earth governs tranquility; when dampness is excessive to the extreme, it counterfeits the manifestation of wind. When things reach an extreme, they cause harm; only through control can balance be maintained. In reality, this is not true wind. Symptoms include fever in the body, coldness in the feet, stiff and tight neck, aversion to cold, locked jaw, head shaking, red face, and opisthotonos (back arched like a bow); these constitute the syndrome of spasm (*Jing Zheng*). Yin spasm is called soft spasm (*Rou Jing*), and Yang spasm is called rigid spasm (*Gang Jing*). For instance, excessive sweating in Taiyang disease from Cold Damage, or excessive sweating in patients with sores/ulcers, or inducing heavy sweating in patients with dampness, can all lead to this condition. There are also cases where internal deficiency of Qi and Blood allows external invasion by Wind-Damp; cases where Fire-Heat injures the Lung, causing Metal (Lung) to fail to subdue Wood (Liver); cases of blood depletion after childbirth; and tetanus from wound injury, all of which can cause this disease. A floating and moderate pulse with sweating indicates soft spasm; a floating and tight pulse without sweating indicates rigid spasm. Treatment should primarily nourish Blood, distinguishing between excess and deficiency.
Main Formula: Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Chuan Xiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Shu Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Fu Ling (Poria), each in equal parts; Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), halved in amount. Decoct with Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus).
If there is no sweating, add Qiang Huo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix), Fang Feng (Saposhnikoviae Radix), Cang Zhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma), Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), Ge Gen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix); in winter, add Ma Huang (Ephedrae Herba), remove Shao Yao, Shu Di Huang, and Bai Zhu; if there is sweating, add Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix), remove Chuan Xiong; if there is cold extremities, add Shu Fu Zi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), Qiang Huo; if deficient, add Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix). If there is irritability and thirst, use Mai Dong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Gan Ge (Puerariae Flos), Huang Qin, remove Bai Zhu and Chuan Xiong. If there is body heat, irritability and thirst, inability to lie flat on the bed (opisthotonos severe enough that back does not touch mat), and constipation, use Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma), Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus), Hou Po (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex), Huang Qin, remove Bai Zhu, Chuan Xiong, and Fu Ling. If the condition arises after sweating, vomiting, or purging, heavily increase the dosage of Ren Shen, Huang Qi (Astragali Radix), Dang Gui, Shu Di Huang, and add Qiang Huo, Jing Jie (Schizonepetae Spica). If caused by Phlegm-Fire, use Er Chen Tang (Two-Cured Decoction) plus Gua Lou (Trichosanthis Radix), Bei Mu (Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus), Zhi Shi, Jie Geng (Platycodonis Radix), Ren Shen, Mai Dong, Zhi Zi (Gardeniae Fructus), Huang Qin, Dang Gui, Su Zi (Perillae Fructus), decoct with Sheng Jiang, and administer with Zhu Li (Bambusae Caulis in Taenia) and Jiang Zhi (Zingiberis Juice).
Gualou Guizhi Decoction: Treats Taiyang disease where symptoms are complete, body is stiff, the spine is rigid and uncomfortable, and the pulse is surprisingly deep and slow; this is classified as a spasm disorder.
Gua Lou Gen (Trichosanthis Radix), Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus), Shao Yao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) (each 1.5 qian), Gan Cao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (0.5 qian).
Decoct with five slices of Sheng Jiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) and two Da Zao (Jujubae Fructus).