\r五行生成数图\pt13a3.bmp\r
此即河图数也。五少者其数生，五太者其数成，土常以生，故不言十，有解。
\r五行图\pt13a4.bmp\r
木火土金水，相生谓之顺。木土水火金，相克谓之逆。
\r干支所属五行图\pt13a5.bmp\r
东方甲乙寅卯木，南方丙丁巳午火，西方庚辛申酉金，北方壬癸亥子水，辰戌丑未王四
季，戊己中央皆属土。
\r六十花甲纳音图\pt13a6.bmp\r
五行之理，原出自然，天地生成，莫不有数，圣人察河图而推定之。其序曰∶天一
生水，地六成之；地二生火，天七成之；天三生木，地八成之；地四生金，天九成之；天五
生土，地十成之。夫五行各具形质，而惟水火最为轻清，乃为造化之初。故天以一奇
生水，地以二偶生火。若以物理论之，亦必水火为先，以小验大，以今验古，可知之矣。
如草木未实，胎卵未生，莫不先由于水，而后成形，是水为万物之先，故水数一。化生已兆，必分阴阳，
既有天一之阳水，必有地二之阴火，故火次之，其数则二。阴阳既合，必有发生，水气生木，故木次之，
其数则三。既有发生，必有收杀，燥气生金，故金次之，其数则四。至若天五生土，地十成之，似乎
土生最后；而戴廷槐曰∶有地即有土矣。若土生在后，则天三之木，地四之金，将何所附？且水火木
金，无不赖土，土岂后生者哉？然土之所以言五与十者，盖以五为全数之中，十为成数之
极。中者言土之不偏而总统乎四方，极者言物之归宿而包藏乎万有，皆非所以言后也。再
以方位阴阳之理合之亦然。如水王于子，子者阳生之初，一者阳起之数，故水曰一。火王
于午，午者阴生之初，二者阴起之数，故火曰二。木王东方，东者阳也，三者奇数亦阳也，故
木曰三。金王西方，西者阴也，四者偶数亦阴也，故金曰四。土王中宫而统乎四维，五为数
中，故土曰五。此五行生数之祖，先有生数而后有成数，乃成一阴一阳生成之道，此天地自
然之理也。虽河图列五行之次序，而实以分五行之阴阳，阴阳既有次序，气数必有盛衰，如
六元正纪大论云寒化一、寒化六、灾一宫、灾三宫之类，皆由此数而定。岐伯曰∶太过者其数
成，不及者其数生，土常以生也。谓如甲丙戊庚壬五太之年为太过，其数应于成；乙丁己辛
癸五少之年为不及，其数应于生。惟土之常以生数者，盖五为数之中，土居位之中，而兼乎
四方之气，故土数常应于中也。虽易系有天十成之之谓，而三部九候论曰∶天地之数，始于
一，终于九焉。此所以土不待十而后成也。先圣察生成之数以求运气者，盖欲因数以占夫
气化之盛衰，而示人以法阴阳、和术数、先岁气、合天和也。其所以关于生道者非浅，观者其毋忽之。
【五行生成数图】
这就是河图的数理。五少（指天干中属阳的年份）其数为生数，五太（指天干中属阴的年份）其数为成数。土行通常使用生数，所以不提十数，对此已有解释。
【五行图】
木、火、土、金、水，相生称为顺行。木、土、水、火、金，相克称为逆行。
【干支所属五行图】
东方的甲、乙、寅、卯属木；南方的丙、丁、巳、午属火；西方的庚、辛、申、酉属金；北方的壬、癸、亥、子属水；辰、戌、丑、未属于四季末月，戊、己位于中央，都属土。
【六十花甲纳音图】
五行之理，原本出于自然，天地的生成，无不包含数理，圣人观察河图而推演确定了它。其顺序说：天一生水，地六成之；地二生火，天七成之；天三生木，地八成之；地四生金，天九成之；天五生土，地十成之。五行各自具备形质，而只有水和火最为轻清，是造化的初始。所以天以一奇数生水，地以二偶数生火。如果从物理道理来看，也必定是水与火为先，以小见大，以今验古，就可以知道了。例如草木尚未结实，胎卵尚未孕育，无不先由于水，然后才形成形体，所以水是万物的先导，因此水的数是1。化生的迹象已显现，必须分阴阳，既然有了天一之阳水，必然有地二之阴火，所以火排在其次，其数为2。阴阳既已结合，必然有发生，水气生木，所以木排在其次，其数为3。既然有发生，必然有收敛肃杀，燥气生金，所以金排在其次，其数为4。至于天五生土，地十成之，似乎土生得最后；但戴廷槐说：有地就有土了。如果土生在后面，那么天三之木，地四之金，将依附于什么？况且水、火、木、金，无不依赖土，土难道是后生的吗？然而土之所以说五和十，是因为五是全数的中间，十是成数的极致。中间是说土不偏颇而统领四方，极致是说万物的归宿而包藏万物，这都不是说它在后面。再用方位阴阳的道理来合看也是如此。如水旺于子时，子是阳气初生之时，一是阳气起始之数，所以水曰一。火旺于午时，午是阴气初生之时，二是阴气起始之数，所以火曰二。木旺于东方，东属阳，三是奇数也属阳，所以木曰三。金旺于西方，西属阴，四是偶数也属阴，所以金曰四。土旺于中宫而统摄四维，五是数的中间，所以土曰五。这是五行生数的根源，先生有生数而后有成数，这才构成一阴一阳生成的道理，这是天地自然的规律。虽然河图列出了五行的次序，但实际上是用来区分五行的阴阳，阴阳既然有了次序，气数必然有盛衰，如《素问·六元正纪大论》所说寒化一、寒化六、灾一宫、灾三宫之类，都是由此数确定的。岐伯说：太过之年其数为成数，不及之年其数为生数，土行通常用生数。意思是如甲、丙、戊、庚、壬五太之年为太过，其数对应成数；乙、丁、己、辛、癸五少之年为不及，其数对应生数。唯独土行常用生数，是因为五是数的中间，土居位之中，兼有四方之气，所以土的数常对应中间。虽然《易经·系辞》有天十成之说，但《素问·三部九候论》说：天地之数，始于一，终于九。这就是土不需要等到十才完成的原因。先圣观察生成之数来推求运气，大概是想通过数来占测气化之盛衰，并向人们展示效法阴阳、调和术数、预知岁气、顺应天道的法则。这与生命之道关系非浅，读者不要忽视它。
[Figure of the Generation and Completion Numbers of the Five Elements]
This is the numerical system of the Hetu (River Map). The "Wu Shao" (Five Minor/Yang Heavenly Stems) correspond to generation numbers, while the "Wu Tai" (Five Major/Yin Heavenly Stems) correspond to completion numbers. Earth typically utilizes the generation number; therefore, the number ten is not explicitly mentioned, as explained previously.
[Figure of the Five Elements]
Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water: mutual generation is termed "Shun" (Forward/Clockwise). Wood, Earth, Water, Fire, Metal: mutual restriction is termed "Ni" (Reverse/Counter-clockwise).
[Figure of the Five Elements Associated with Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches]
Jia, Yi, Yin, Mao in the East belong to Wood; Bing, Ding, Si, Wu in the South belong to Fire; Geng, Xin, Shen, You in the West belong to Metal; Ren, Gui, Hai, Zi in the North belong to Water; Chen, Xu, Chou, Wei belong to the four seasons' end months; Wu, Ji are in the Center and all belong to Earth.
[Figure of the Na Yin (Melodic Nature) of the Sixty Jiazi]
The principles of the Five Elements originate from nature. Heaven and Earth's generation involves numbers without exception. The Sages observed the Hetu and deduced these numbers. The sequence states: Heaven One generates Water, Earth Six completes it; Earth Two generates Fire, Heaven Seven completes it; Heaven Three generates Wood, Earth Eight completes it; Earth Four generates Metal, Heaven Nine completes it; Heaven Five generates Earth, Earth Ten completes it. Each of the Five Elements possesses form and substance, but only Water and Fire are the lightest and clearest, representing the beginning of creation. Thus, Heaven uses one odd number to generate Water, and Earth uses two even numbers to generate Fire. From a physical perspective, Water and Fire must come first. By observing the small to understand the large, and the present to verify the past, this can be known. For instance, before plants bear fruit or embryos are conceived, everything originates from Water before taking shape. Thus, Water is the precursor to all things, hence its number is One. Once the signs of transformation appear, Yin and Yang must be distinguished. Since there is Heaven One's Yang Water, there must be Earth Two's Yin Fire; thus, Fire follows second, with the number Two. Once Yin and Yang combine, there must be emergence. Water Qi generates Wood, so Wood follows next, with the number Three. Once there is emergence, there must be harvesting and肃杀 (severing/cold). Dry Qi generates Metal, so Metal follows next, with the number Four. Regarding Heaven Five generating Earth and Earth Ten completing it, it seems Earth is generated last. However, Dai Tinghuai stated: Where there is ground, there is Earth. If Earth were generated last, what would Heaven Three's Wood and Earth Four's Metal attach to? Moreover, Water, Fire, Wood, and Metal all rely on Earth; how could Earth be the last to be born? The reason Earth is associated with Five and Ten is that Five is the center of the complete numbers, and Ten is the extreme of the completion numbers. "Center" implies Earth is unbiased and governs the four directions; "Extreme" implies the destination of all things and the containment of all existence. Neither implies being last. Combining this with the principles of direction and Yin-Yang yields the same result. Water prospers at Zi (Rat), which is the beginning of Yang birth; One is the number where Yang begins, hence Water is One. Fire prospers at Wu (Horse), which is the beginning of Yin birth; Two is the number where Yin begins, hence Fire is Two. Wood prospers in the East; East is Yang, and Three is an odd number also belonging to Yang, hence Wood is Three. Metal prospers in the West; West is Yin, and Four is an even number also belonging to Yin, hence Metal is Four. Earth prospers in the Central Palace and governs the four corners; Five is the middle of the numbers, hence Earth is Five. This is the root of the generation numbers of the Five Elements. Generation numbers precede completion numbers, forming the way of Yin-Yang generation, which is the natural principle of Heaven and Earth. Although the Hetu lists the order of the Five Elements, it essentially distinguishes their Yin and Yang. Once Yin and Yang have an order, the Qi and numbers must have prosperity and decline. As stated in the *Su Wen: Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun* regarding Cold Transformation One, Cold Transformation Six, Disaster Palace One, Disaster Palace Three, etc., all are determined by these numbers. Qibo said: In years of excess, the number corresponds to completion; in years of deficiency, the number corresponds to generation; Earth always uses the generation number. This means that in the five Tai (Major/Yang) years of Jia, Bing, Wu, Geng, Ren, which are excessive, the number corresponds to completion; in the five Shao (Minor/Yin) years of Yi, Ding, Ji, Xin, Gui, which are deficient, the number corresponds to generation. Only Earth commonly uses the generation number because Five is the middle of the numbers, Earth occupies the central position, and encompasses the Qi of the four directions; thus, Earth's number often corresponds to the middle. Although the *Yijing Xici* mentions Heaven Ten completing, the *Su Wen: Sanbu Jiuhou Lun* states: The numbers of Heaven and Earth begin with One and end with Nine. This is why Earth does not wait for Ten to complete. The ancient sages observed the generation and completion numbers to seek Yunqi (Luck and Qi), intending to use numbers to predict the prosperity and decline of Qi transformation, and to show people the methods of imitating Yin and Yang, harmonizing numerology, anticipating annual Qi, and conforming to Heavenly Harmony. This concerns the Way of Life significantly; readers should not neglect it.